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The aim of the paper was to present voice and speech disorders associated with motor neuron disease-MND. Two cases of MND were described. Communication problems--dysphonia and dysartria were one of their early manifestations. It is supposed that sulcus vocalis, which is the result of the degeneration process of the vocal muscle, is the laryngeal presentation of MND.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze some aspects of communicative capacities in 25 predominantly Wernicke's aphasics. The patients with moderate and mild deficits were compared with severely affected patients. Answers in a standard interview were studied for two aspects: answer adequacy to question and conceptual thinking fluency. An initial examination was carried out in the first stage of aphasia and the second examination took place after 3 or 4 months since onset. Both parameters showed more important deficits in the group with severe disorders at onset. An improvement of communicative capacity was also noticed in both groups. The factors involved were discussed pointing out that wrong answers were not exclusively determined by a difficulty of auditory comprehension but by some deficits of conceptual thinking fluency or some other cognitive processes.
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Behavior therapy has used techniques of behavior modification based on the paradigm of operant conditioning to diminish some of the difficulties of communication present in schizophrenic patients. Individual programmes, then ward programs, have been applied to chronically institutionalized patients. They have emphasized the role of reinforcement and of social learning in behavioral approaches. More recently, these techniques have focused on the improvement of performance in social situations. As can be seen in the literature, modern behavior therapy is founded on a sociopsychological model in which environmental factors have a predominant role and focuses on maintaining behavioral improvement in the patient's day-to-day environment.
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