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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Information management. Computer resources for the occupational and environmental health nurse.

Occupational and environmental health nurses are responsible for the management of large amounts of very complex information, ranging from individual employee health records to reports that insure corporate compliance. There are four primary tools available to the occupational health nurse to facilitate efficient management and use of health information--occupational health information systems, office support programs, communication systems, and the Internet and intranets. Selection and implementation of an integrated health information system requires the involvement of any organization that uses data processed by the system. A project management approach to implementation and maintenance of a system insures adherence to time lines and attention to details. The internet provides access to a vast amount of information useful to both the occupational health professional and the employee. Intranets are internal systems that may facilitate distribution of health information to employees, maintenance of current health related policies, and more efficient reporting procedures.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Achievable standard of care in low-resource settings.

The gap between rich and resource-poor countries has continued to grow as reproductive care providers integrate interventions to limit mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in a manner consistent with existing information. There are two major reasons for this difference: access to prophylactic antiretroviral therapy (ARV) for HIV-infected pregnant mothers and availability of alternative feeding for babies. In resource-poor settings, these options are beyond reach for the majority of the women. Infant and under-five mortality rates from other infections are high in these settings and breastfeeding remains the norm. Answering the question, What is an achievable standard of care in resource-poor settings? still remains a major challenge today. Dialogue has begun in most resource-poor settings to address the key elements in the package of interventions to reduce MTCT of HIV. These elements include the following: (1) overall prevention of HIV in mothers and fathers; (2) provision of good-quality voluntary testing and counseling (VCT) in antenatal clinics; (3) a comprehensive package of interventions during pregnancy, during labor, and after delivery, including screening for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), family planning, and--where possible--ARVs; (4) provision of infant and maternal nutrition within the socioeconomic realities; (5) advocacy and program communication; and (6) other supportive measures, including community mobilization to address issues such as stigmatization of and violence against HIV-infected women. This paper discusses the challenges faced by most resource-poor settings in integrating some of these activities into reproductive care services.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2000

How to use the Internet to improve care delivery--without changing the way physicians work.

Martin's Point Health Care is a nonprofit organization with more than 30 primary care physicians and 280 health care professionals serving 43,000 patients in four sites in Maine and New Hampshire. Like many medical group practices, Martin's Point believed its patients needed more channels to communicate with their physicians. An increasing number of patients wanted more in-depth advice from their doctors, and many already used the Internet to obtain health care information. This article describes how Martin's Point developed an interactive Web communications program to build physician/patient relationships and improve practice efficiency.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Population policy in industrialized countries: evaluating policy theories to assess the demographic impact of population policy.

"In this contribution the concept of population policy theory is defined. Also, the relevance of studying these theories in order to assess the demographic impact of population policy is discussed. The policy theory underlying the pronatalist marriage and family founding loans is evaluated as is the policy theory underlying antinatalist family planning communication programs. It is concluded that the behavioral mechanisms behind the two policy measures appear not to work in a way the policy theory assumes they work, i.e. appear not to be able to change fertility behavior substantially." The geographic focus is worldwide. (summary in FRE, ITA)

Demography↗
PubMed2000

[Epidemiological aspects of acute pelvic pain of gynecologic origin at the maternity of the Befelatanana Hospital Center, Antananarivo].

Acute pelvic pains of pregnancy (APPP) generate a lot of social and professional problems to pregnancy. A retrospective study was carried out in 1996 at the Maternity Hospital of Befelatanana, Antananarivo in order to specify epidemiological feature of APPP suffering pregnancy and to search favourising factors and determinative causes of this disease so that a strategy will be drawn up to reduce its frequency and to organize correct cares. 1,612 APPP were registered for the study period, i.e. an annual incidence of 15.5 per cent. Non periodic APPP were the most frequent clinical forms (99.6 per cent). The average age of pregnancy was 26 years old. Risk factors and determinative causes are infections, hormonal diseases, nulliparity and primiparity, low standard of living. APPP had been associated to hemorrhages (37.4 per cent), circulatory shock (14.5 per cent), and hyperthermia (63.5 per cent). 83 deaths were noted. Deaths are provoked by abortion infectious complications, hemorrhages, hepato-nephric lesions due to abortifacient plants. The authors conclude that prevent measures remain as the best therapy. They are based on Information-Education-Communication program drawn towards sexual education, Reproduction Health and improvement of genital infections cares.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Do vaccines cause harm? The need for open-minded analysis based on science and reason.

Public concern about the safety of vaccines began when vaccination began, in the 18th century. Major resistance to vaccinations in the 1980s threatened to shut down vaccine manufacture and immunization programs. The US Congress responded with legislation in 1986-1987 that established a compensation program, communication strategies, and a process of objective, science-based analysis by the Institute of Medicine of whether childhood vaccines cause any of an array of possible adverse events. Since then, research, detection, communication, and education related to vaccine safety have improved but remain less than perfect. All of us who care about children, our own or in the abstract, will serve our children best if we remain vigilant and open-minded in considering issues of vaccine safety, and if we base our conclusions and actions on science, not emotion.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Past lessons and new uses of the mass media in reducing tobacco consumption.

A review of mass media response to the smoking issue over the past 25 years reveals that sustained involvement of the broadcast and print media has served significantly to heighten public awareness and reduce smoking rates in the total U.S. population. Public service advertising has been an integral part of the smoking control movement from its outset, but today's intensely competitive media environment has forced health promoters to look beyond public service announcements in the development of total communication programs. Media advocacy--using the media to sharpen public awareness and mold public policy to serve the public interest, a technique derived from political campaigns--is emerging as a powerful tool in the smoking control movement. Its emphasis is on changing the entire social context of tobacco use in America, rather than the smoking behavior of people. Because media advocates' success pivots on their access to the media, they must be able both to create news and to react quickly to breaking news and unexpected events. The opportunistic, risk-taking nature of media advocacy requires that most efforts be waged at the State and local levels. An increasing number of State health departments and other organizations are using paid advertising to improve the frequency and reach of nonsmoking messages. Research verifies that paid media campaigns increase the target audience's exposure to smoking control messages, but planning and making efficient media purchases require sophistication and, of course, the necessary funds. Irrefutable medical evidence linking smoking to disease and addiction, combined with the powerful social force of the nonsmokers' rights movement, offer hope that a smoke-free society is an achievable goal. Success,however, will only be realized if tobacco control activists make use of the full range of mass media technologies to sustain and nourish this momentum.

Advertising↗
PubMed1989

Pharmacy implications of the revised OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.

Provisions of the recently revised federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard that are important to pharmacy practice in organized health-care settings are described. OSHA announced on February 15, 1989, that the revision of August 24, 1987, was effective immediately; the provisions apparently pre-empt individual states' hazardous-substances regulations. According to the standard, manufacturers must determine whether chemicals they produce are hazardous; a pharmacy compounding drug mixtures may be a manufacturer. Chemicals determined by the manufacturers to be hazards must be labeled as hazards; for drugs that are already labeled according to FDA requirements, such labeling is not needed. The rule exempts drugs in a retail establishment that are packaged for sale to consumers, but it does not address workers' use of such non-prescription products in patient care. Tablets are exempt. Employers must maintain a written hazard communication program. Manufacturers and distributors are required to provide material safety data sheets on all hazardous chemicals, and employers must keep copies of these data sheets available. Documents to assist employers in complying with the regulations are available from OSHA. Judicial challenges to the regulation continue. ASHP is monitoring developments and applications to assist pharmacy departments in interpreting and complying with the regulations.

Hazardous Substances↗
PubMed1989

Experience with staffing alternatives in a pediatric teaching institution.

Staffing alternatives and recruitment and retention strategies used by the pharmacy department of a pediatric teaching hospital are described. In addition to overtime compensation, the following alternative strategies have been implemented: (1) use of contingent or "on-call" personnel, (2) coverage by management staff, (3) use of temporary agencies, (4) review of ongoing activities, and (5) use of supportive personnel. All these strategies have been effective in compensating for shortages by supplying qualified individuals on an as-needed basis, eliminating nonessential departmental activities, or delegating nonprofessional duties to technicians and other supportive personnel. Effective recruitment and retention strategies include scholarship and training programs, communication with pharmacy staff about management efforts to improve salary and practice opportunities, and insight into the nature of the local competition from chain and mail-order pharmacies. Use of alternate approaches to staffing has helped the pharmacy department at this institution maintain adequate staffing during periods of pharmacist shortages.

Communication↗
PubMed1997

Self-reported prevalence of diabetes and preventive health care practices among people with diabetes in South Carolina.

In conclusion, South Carolina has a higher prevalence of diabetes compared to the national average. Age is a major factor associated with increased prevalence. African Americans had a disproportionately higher prevalence of diabetes relative to white Americans in South Carolina. Compared to the standards of diabetes care recommended by the ADA, health care practice by people with diabetes and health professionals still needs to be improved. Diabetes communication programs, including diabetes education for people with diabetes and health professional education, continue to be necessary for the improvement of diabetes care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of a computer-based intervention program on the communicative functions of children with autism.

This study investigated the use of computer-based intervention for enhancing communication functions of children with autism. The software program was developed based on daily life activities in the areas of play, food, and hygiene. The following variables were investigated: delayed echolalia, immediate echolalia, irrelevant speech, relevant speech, and communicative initiations. Multiple-baseline design across settings was used to examine the effects of the exposure of five children with autism to activities in a structured and controlled simulated environment on the communication manifested in their natural environment. Results indicated that after exposure to the simulations, all children produced fewer sentences with delayed and irrelevant speech. Most of the children engaged in fewer sentences involving immediate echolalia and increased the number of communication intentions and the amount of relevant speech they produced. Results indicated that after practicing in a controlled and structured setting that provided the children with opportunities to interact in play, food, and hygiene activities, the children were able to transfer their knowledge to the natural classroom environment. Implications and future research directions are discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1986

Visiting clinician program in primary care internal medicine.

As part of a primary care internal medicine training program, a visiting clinician program was created to improve house staff education, provide an ongoing critique of the training program, and improve communication between program faculty and other institutions. Thirty-one visitors participated in the program during the two years covered by this report. The visitors were effective teachers, and residents noted that teaching by local faculty improved because the visitors demonstrated effective teaching techniques. Visitors made 337 suggestions to improve the primary care medicine program. A telephone survey after the visit indicated that more than half of the visitors had applied ideas from the host institution to their own programs. The program enhanced resident education, provided a periodic review of the training program, and fostered communication with faculty in other programs. The program's evolution over the two years is reported and suggestions are offered for institutions planning similar programs.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗