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Building community: developing skills for interprofessional health professions education and relationship-centered care. Interdisciplinary Health Education Panel of the National League for Nursing.

The restructuring of the health care system has raised numerous questions about the nursing work Force: Are we preparing too many nurses? Are nurses being prepared to work in a market-driven, managed care health delivery system? Should some schools be closed? Should enrollments be reduced? Should new kinds of programs be offered? As the 1993-1995 National League for Nursing Board of Governors struggled with policy decisions surrounding the preparation of the nursing work force for a restructured health care system, it was thought that such decisions needed to reflect a futuristic view of both health care and education. Specific questions about nursing education and the nursing work force could then be answered in terms of opportunities within that future. section Because of the complexity of nursing work force issues, the Board endorsed the creation of a President's Commission to address them. The Commission on a Workforce for a Restructured Health Care System was chaired by Richard Lamm, health reform advocate and the former Governor of Colorado. The final report of the Commission is available in its entirety on the NLN website (http:(/)/www.nln.org). Only the conclusions and recommendations are published here, starting on page 91. section In 1995, the NLN commissioned an interdisciplinary Health Education Panel to examine issues related to interdisciplinary education and make recommendations for future implementation. The Panel's work spanned 1995 through 1996. The final report of the panel is presented here and available on the NLN website.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2001

Developing community capacity and improving health in African American communities.

Community-based programs have produced mixed results. Community capacity is thought to be a major determinant of program effectiveness. Thus, enhancing community capacity may increase the beneficial effects of existing programs and enhance future program effectiveness. This highlights the need to focus on understanding the components of capacity and the methods of enhancing capacity. Although we are just beginning to examine and understand key concepts, community capacity is probably influenced by both relatively nonmodifiable characteristics (such as demographic factors, institutional resources, and social structures) and relatively modifiable characteristics (such as knowledge, skills, and the ability and willingness of members and agencies to work collaboratively). In their relationships with community members and agencies, academicians and public health practitioners may help acquire categorical funding to enhance opportunities to build community capacity and their own capacity as well. The relationship between academicians/practitioners and community members/agencies probably is influenced by a host of characteristics which determine the degree to which capacity can be built. This paper discusses: the key components of capacity; the factors that influence building capacity through collaborations; a community health advisor (CHA) model which both builds on sociocultural aspects of African American culture and is consistent with methods for building community capacity; and how modifications to this model allow it to be compatible with categorically funded projects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2000

Developing community health nursing skills collaboration in a culturally diverse population.

The graduate curriculum in Community Health Nursing at the University of South Alabama was revised to prepare nurses to function as a community health specialist. The revised curriculum model includes two semesters that focus on a specific population or high risk group of patients or clients. Emphasis is placed on the skills that community health nurses must have in order to assess communities, identify community needs, plan and implement interventions at the population aggregate or community level. During the first semester, or the practicum course, a community needs assessment is performed. In the internship course, the planned intervention is implemented and evaluated. The purpose of the paper is to describe the process of identifying and accessing a Cambodian population aggregate in a rural setting. The collaboration among faculty, student, preceptor, official agency, as well as lay leaders in the Cambodian community is described.

Alabama↗
PubMed2001

Developing community capacity and improving health in African American communities.

Community-based programs have produced mixed results. Community capacity is thought to be a major determinant of program effectiveness. Thus, enhancing community capacity may increase the beneficial effects of existing programs and enhance future program effectiveness. This highlights the need to focus on understanding the components of capacity and the methods of enhancing capacity. Although we are just beginning to examine and understand key concepts, community capacity is probably influenced by both relatively nonmodifiable characteristics (such as demographic factors, institutional resources, and social structures) and relatively modifiable characteristics (such as knowledge, skills, and the ability and willingness of members and agencies to work collaboratively). In their relationships with community members and agencies, academicians and public health practitioners may help acquire categorical funding to enhance opportunities to build community capacity and their own capacity as well. The relationship between academicians/practitioners and community members/agencies probably is influenced by a host of characteristics which determine the degree to which capacity can be built. This paper discusses: the key components of capacity; the factors that influence building capacity through collaborations; a community health advisor (CHA) model which both builds on sociocultural aspects of African American culture and is consistent with methods for building community capacity; and how modifications to this model allow it to be compatible with categorically funded projects.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1991

Developing community mental health services for indigenous people of northern Ontario.

Inadequacies of three common models of mental health service delivery have been presented but each of these can contribute to an adequate system if the approach aims at the totality of mental health care. The key to service delivery and the provision of services in the local community by adequately trained and supervised mental health workers familiar with the culture and language and who are involved with other community workers in an inter-agency process. A major and the most important part of the work occurs in this level. This front line work must have the back-up and support of the system which has three roots. The clinical root is that of a support team of professionals, the local nursing station, hospital and the tertiary institutions. The second root is in training and education by recognized courses and other resources and the third in an adequate administration in which the indigenous population has been put in control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Drug prescribing for TPN patients at a teaching hospital serving a developing community.

Drug prescribing for TPN patients at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital was investigated as part of a larger retrospective survey of TPN products and practices. The medical records of 45 patients who received parenteral nutrition over the period April-August 1985 were examined. Relevant information was transcribed onto survey forms, classified and analysed. The major defined complaints were gastrointestinal (50%) and perinatal (34.5%). Twelve patients had more than one major complaint. Seventy-three per cent of the patients were admitted to paediatric wards and over 24% to (adult) surgical wards. There was one medical patient in the group. The only drug categories that were prescribed in more than 10% of cases were antimicrobial agents (64.9%) and analgesics (10.4%). The most frequently used individual drugs were gentamicin (17.5%), penicillin G (14.3%), piperacillin (17%) and aminophylline (11%). The implications of this pattern of drug use for TPN patient monitoring are discussed.

Aminophylline↗
PubMed1985

Drug utilization in internal medicine wards at a teaching hospital serving a developing community.

Drug utilization, i.e. prescribing, was investigated in four general internal medicine wards at Ga-Rankuwa Hospital, the main teaching hospital for the Medical University of Southern Africa. Survey forms for computer processing were designed to cover important patient parameters (including diagnosis) and to classify drugs into the most frequently used therapeutic groups. There were 154 patients in the survey which took place over a 2-week period in July 1983. Analysis of the diagnosis data showed that cardiovascular disorders (34,4% of the total) and infectious and parasitic diseases (29,2%) predominated. Data for drugs prescribed revealed a preponderance of anti-infective agents (29,7%), diuretics (12,0%), cardiovascular preparations (10,5%) and respiratory medicines (8,1%). The predominant two disease groups and four drug groups were subjected to further analysis. Detailed results which cover specific disease entities and individual drugs are presented. A clear picture of the respective disease patterns and drugs prescribed has emerged. The implications are discussed with reference to the population which the hospital serves, therapeutic needs and medical education.

Anti-Infective Agents↗