PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Compartment Syndromes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis. An unusual cause of compartment syndrome in a child.

Acute compartment syndrome of the leg developed in a 4-year-old child due to acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the proximal fibula. Because of its unusual presentation, the diagnosis of osteomyelitis initially was missed. This report suggests that the diagnosis of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the proximal part of the fibula should be considered in young children who present with acute compartment syndrome of the leg and who have no history of recent surgery or trauma.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

Compartment syndrome associated with infection of the upper extremity.

Compartment syndrome is a potentially devastating entity associated with a great variety of injuries, but to the authors' knowledge there are no known reports of infection documented as a cause. A retrospective review of 263 patients with upper extremity infections admitted to the orthopaedic infection ward during 1992 was conducted to identify patients with compartment syndrome directly associated with infection. Four patients' clinical presentations fulfilled the criteria: two presented with infection and compartment syndrome, and two developed compartment syndrome 2-12 hours after admission. All four had beta-hemolytic streptococci on initial culture; three of four grew Group A streptococcus. Fasciotomies and serial debridements were necessary. One patient ultimately underwent amputation through the elbow.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A pilot study comparing percutaneous decompression with decompressive laparotomy for acute abdominal compartment syndrome in thermal injury.

Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) has multiple causes, and decompressive laparotomy has been the most frequent modality to prevent worsening cardiovascular, respiratory, and renal function. This pilot study evaluated the utility of percutaneous drainage (PD) of peritoneal fluid compared with decompressive laparotomy in burn patients. A 26-month review was conducted. Nine of 13 (69%) study patients developed intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) that progressed to abdominal compartment syndrome in 4 (31%). All were treated with PD using a diagnostic peritoneal lavage catheter. Peritoneal fluid analysis revealed a sterile plasma ultrafiltrate with electrolyte and other chemistries reflecting patient serum levels. Five patients underwent PD successfully, and their IAH did not progress to ACS. Four patients with greater than 80% TBSA and severe inhalation injury did not respond to PD and required decompressive laparotomy. There was no evidence of bowel edema, ischemia, or necrosis. All patients requiring decompressive laparotomies died either from sepsis or respiratory failure. Percutaneous decompression is a safe and effective method of decreasing IAH and preventing ACS in patients with less than 80% TBSA thermal injury.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1991

[Current knowledge of the compartment syndrome].

Our present level of knowledge of the compartment-syndrome, which is represented here, is based on an intensive literary study, our own scientific researches and clinical experiences. The results are summarized in thesises. The compartment-syndrome is to be noticed in more than 80% in the region of the forearm or shank. It has to be diagnosed and treated short-termly. If the patient is unconscious and with several fractures, it is difficult to diagnose the compartment-syndrome. You ever have to think of the compartment-syndrome.

Anterior Compartment Syndrome↗
PubMed1996

Isolated medial compartment syndrome of the foot: a case report.

Compartment syndrome, which results from increased pressure within a closed osseofascial compartment, compromises the viability of tissues and requires prompt fasciotomy for successful outcome. The vast majority of published series on compartment syndrome emphasizes the substantial amount of soft tissue and/or bony trauma that accompanies the condition. This report describes an isolated medial compartment syndrome without evidence of specific injury.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Compartment syndrome of the thigh with sciatic nerve paralysis].

UNLABELLED: Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh has been infrequently reported in the literature. Closed femoral fractures and blunt soft tissue trauma are the main causes of this injury. The multiple injured patient in this case report developed a compartment syndrome of the thigh after intramedullary nailing of a comminuted fracture of the femur. Fasciotomy was performed two days after surgery because of extense swelling of the thigh in the ventilated and sedated patient. Sciatic and femoral nerve palsy was recognized after extubation of the patient nine days after the injury. During the following weeks the paresis of the femoral nerve recovered but neither motor nor sensory function of the sciatic nerve could be demonstrated. Therefore an operative revision of the sciatic nerve was performed eighteen weeks after trauma. No direct nerve injury could be detected but there were adhesions around the nerve as a sign of compression neuropathy caused by the compartment syndrome. The tibial component of the sciatic nerve showed a complete recovery within the next months but there was a persisting peroneal nerve palsy. CONCLUSION: Early clinical symptoms of a compartment syndrome like pain, paresthesia and paresis can not be ascertained in a ventilated and sedated patient. Tense swelling of the muscles is often the only detectable sign. Frequent measurements of compartment pressure should be done in these patients. We suggest early decompressive fasciotomy because the morbidity caused by fasciotomy in a borderline compartment syndrome is far outweighed by the morbidity that accompanies an undiagnosed untreated compartment syndrome with possible nerve palsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Compartment syndromes of the forearm: early recognition using tissue pressure measurements.

A compartment syndrome of the forearm can be a devastating injury if not relieved promptly by early fasciotomy. Of five patients who developed compartment syndromes, compartment pressures were measured in four and found to average 69 mm Hg. Tissue pressure measurements provided early objective evidence of the presence of the compartment syndrome and contributed significantly to the ultimate functional recovery. We would advise repeating the measurement for pressures in excess of 30 mm Hg in the upper extremity, and fasciotomy for pressures in excess of 40 mm Hg when accompanied by any neurovascular compromise.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Quantitation of skeletal-muscle necrosis in a model compartment syndrome.

UNLABELLED: Skeletal-muscle necrosis was evaluated in previously pressurized canine compartments using technetium-99m stannous pyrophosphate and classic histological criteria. Intracompartmental necrosis was quantitated in the anterolateral muscle compartment of each dog by uptake of 99mTc stannous pyrophosphate using the contralateral anterolateral compartment as an internal control. Representative specimens of muscle were sampled in experimental and control legs of each dog and were analyzed by qualitative histological techniques. Muscle necrosis was assessed in compartments forty-eight hours after pressurization to levels of ten to 120 millimeters of mercury for eight hours in thirty-seven dogs. In another dog, neither anterolateral compartment was pressurized so that both compartments acted as control muscle. The results in these experiments identify a threshold pressure level (thirty millimeters of mercury) and duration (eight hours) at which significant muscle necrosis occurs at normal blood pressure. Our findings imply that a quantitative relationship exists between incorporation of 99mTc stannous pyrophosphate and the level of intracompartmental pressure. This uptake technique, however, is not suitable for diagnosing compartment syndrome in patients with a threatened compartment syndrome. We suggest that intracompartmental pressure measurements by the wick-catheter technique, in conjunction with clinical findings, offer the best means for diagnosing compartment syndrome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Significant muscle necrosis associated with an impending compartment syndrome occurs at a threshold intracompartmental pressure of thirty millimeters of mercury after eight hours. Since time variables are often unknown in suspected compartment syndromes, fasciotomy is recommended when intracompartmental pressure exceeds thirty millimeters of mercury in a patient with normal blood pressure. The use of this threshold pressure level as an indication for fasciotomy requires a device for measuring intracompartmental pressure such as the wick catheter.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decompression of an experimental compartment syndrome in dogs with hyaluronidase.

The treatment of compartment syndromes in which elevation of intracompartmental pressure occurs is by surgical fasciotomy. This is a relatively simple procedure but may be associated with complications. This study aimed at developing an alternative method to decompress a compartment by use of the enzyme hyaluronidase. Autologous plasma was infused into the anterolateral leg compartments of six dogs to simulate compartment syndromes of 80 mmHg. Pressure decay after pressurization was recorded. The compartment pressures were then again raised to 80 mmHg by subfascial injections of 1500 units hyaluronidase in 2 ml saline injected into one compartment and 2 ml saline only into the control side. Pressure decay was again recorded. On the experimental side, a significantly faster decay rate occurred after hyaluronidase injection than after initial pressurization; 8.0 +/- 1.3 (S.E.M.) versus 3.4 +/- 0.4 (S.E.M.) mmHg/min (p less than .01). Pressure decay after hyaluronidase injection was significantly faster than after the same volume injection on the control side, over both a four-minute period (8.0 +/- 1.3 [S.E.M.] versus 4.1 +/- 0.6 [S.E.M.] mmHg/min [p less than .03]) and a 25-minute period (2.1 +/- 0.3 [S.E.M.] versus 1.3 +/- 0.1 [S.E.M.] mmHg/min [p less than .03]). Hyaluronidase removes hyaluronic acid molecules from the leg compartment fascia and, by facilitating fluid flow from the compartment, causes decompression. Hyaluronidase may then have a place in the prophylaxis and treatment of compartment syndrome, thus avoiding anesthesia and surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to ovarian mucinous cystadenoma.

BACKGROUND: Abdominal compartment syndrome secondary to a very large benign ovarian tumor has been rarely reported in gynecology. With the increase of intraabdominal pressure in abdominal compartment syndrome, all major organ systems are adversely affected, causing a potentially fatal condition. CASE: A 43-year-old woman presenting with a tensely distended abdomen developed hypotension, difficulty in ventilation, and anuria. An ovarian tumor complicated by abdominal compartment syndrome was diagnosed, along with hemodynamic decompensation. Prompt resuscitation with immediate surgical removal of the tumor reversed the life-threatening situation. CONCLUSION: Timely aggressive resuscitation, prompt surgical decompression, and intensive perioperative hemodynamic management are required for patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenoma complicated by abdominal compartment syndrome.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2004

Compartment syndrome caused by suction.

Compartment syndrome is probably underdiagnosed particularly when the mechanism of injury is indirect. This case is unusual in that the syndrome occurred as a consequence of suction injury and illustrates the benefits of early tissue pressure measurement and surgical decompression.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2005

Bilateral simultaneous fasciotomy for chronic exertional compartment syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) occurs bilaterally in approximately 60% of patients. Fasciotomy is the primary corrective treatment. We hypothesized that bilateral fasciotomy can be done during the same operative procedure with early return to sports and low complication rates METHOD: Sixteen patients had simultaneous bilateral lower extremity fasciotomies for CECS confirmed by compartment pressure testing before and after exercise. Ten patients had concomitant superficial peroneal neurolysis for associated numbness. All patients who were athletes (six runners; nine ball sports) (average age 25 years) had sports related pain limiting participation. RESULTS: Patients were followed for an average of 16.4 (range 6 to 48) months. Full return to sports participation occurred at an average of 10.7 weeks. Three patients continued to have mild, but much improved, pain with active sports participation, while 13 were pain free. All 11 patients with exertional related numbness had resolution after operative release. All patients were satisfied and all patients stated that they would have simultaneous fasciotomies again if required. As a nonmatched comparison, three patients who had staged fasciotomies for bilateral CECS were also evaluated, but because of the small number no statistical comparison was made. All three also returned to their previous levels of sports participation, however, at an average of 22.7 months as compared to 10.7 weeks in patients with simultaneous bilateral releases. CONCLUSION: Bilateral simultaneous fasciotomies for CECS can be done safely and effectively with early return to sports participation and low complication rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Arterial injury associated with acute compartment syndrome of the thigh following blunt trauma.

BACKGROUND: Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh is a rare condition, and the basic causes of high pressure within a muscle compartment have been considered to be intramuscular haematoma and soft-tissue oedema. However, the importance of arterial injury has not been well recognized. METHODS: Among 3658 blunt trauma patients admitted to our Level 1 Trauma Centre between 1994 and 2001, there were eight patients (nine thighs) who had undergone emergency fasciotomy and these were the subjects of the present study. Arteriography of the proximal lower limb had been performed after the fasciotomy in patients with prolonged hypotension and persistent bleeding from the fasciotomy wound. RESULTS: All the patients had sustained high-energy trauma, systemic hypotension and local trauma to the proximal lower limb. Among them, four (five thighs) had undergone arteriography and four (four thighs) were confirmed as having sustained arterial injuries. In those patients with definitive arterial injuries, the time from injury to the onset of the compartment syndrome was less than 5 h. CONCLUSIONS: Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh in blunt trauma patients may be the result of associated arterial injuries. It is suggested that patients with local trauma to the proximal lower limb who exhibit an acute compartment syndrome together with haemodynamic instability should undergo arteriography soon after fasciotomy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decompression of forearm compartment syndromes.

The diagnosis of forearm compartment syndrome by clinical findings alone has been difficult and inconsistent. This study was designed to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of forearm compartment syndromes. We evaluated several forearm incisions and determined their effectiveness by measuring compartment pressures using the wick catheter. The wick catheter is a simple, safe, and effective means of determining forearm compartment pressures. Preoperative and intraoperative measurements of the dorsal as well as the volar compartment pressures should be performed. Volar fasciotomy is effective in decompressing the volar compartment and may be effective in lowering the dorsal compartment pressure as well. Dorsal fasciotomy should be performed when that pressure remains elevated following volar decompression. The curvilinear volar and volar-ulnar incisions were equally effective in lowering compartment pressures experimentally, but the curved incision allowed beteer exposure to nerves and vessels and is preferred.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Acute exercise-induced bilateral anterolateral leg compartment syndrome in a healthy young man.

While compartment syndrome after traumatic injury is a well-recognized entity, atraumatic or exercise-induced acute compartment syndrome is not as widely reported. This syndrome, usually unilateral, was first described as "march gangrene" in 1943, and can result in the loss of life or limb. Bilateral cases are usually associated with an underlying medical condition. We wish to report a case of acute, bilateral, exercise-induced anterolateral leg compartment syndrome in a healthy young man. Early recognition and prompt treatment by decompressive fasciotomy is of vital importance if limb function is to be preserved and complications are to be avoided.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Compartment syndromes in obtunded patients.

A high index of suspicion for a compartment syndrome in the upper extremity should be maintained in all obtunded patients who are at risk for the condition. Obtunded patients are those with a dulled or altered physical or mental status secondary to injury, illness, or anesthesia; those with diminished or absent sensation in the upper extremity because of nerve injury or anesthesia; and those whose ability to communicate is impeded, such as infants and young children and the mentally ill or disabled. These patients represent a vulnerable group whose inability to demonstrate the hallmark symptoms and signs of the syndrome puts them in jeopardy of a late diagnosis of a compartment syndrome and its potentially devastating sequelae. The most likely causes of a compartment syndrome in this population are skeletal or soft-tissue trauma, prolonged limb compression, thrombolytic therapy after myocardial infarction, arterial or intravenous fluid administration, and upper extremity Surgery. Whenever a compartment syndrome of the hand, forearm, or upper arm is suspected, the obtunded patient should be examined closely and frequently, and any changes over time should be documented carefully. Intracompartmental pressure measurement provides a useful adjunct to the physical examination and history in these patients and may be diagnostic if other symptoms and signs are obscured. Once the compartment syndrome is diagnosed, emergent fasciotomy is indicated. To avoid a loss of function in the obtunded patient, special care must be taken postoperatively to assure that early motion exercises are carried out.

Arm↗
PubMed2004

A spontaneous compartment syndrome in a patient with diabetes.

A compartment syndrome is an orthopaedic emergency which can result from a variety of causes, the most common being trauma. Rarely, it can develop spontaneously and several aetiologies for spontaneous compartment syndrome have been described. We describe a patient with diabetes who developed a spontaneous compartment syndrome. The diagnosis was delayed because of the atypical presentation.

Anterior Compartment Syndrome↗