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A case of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome who was evaluated by both CT and magnetic resonance is reported. Magnetic resonance proved to be far more sensitive in detecting the intracranial lesions than CT.
CT examinations were reviewed in 19 patients with proved omental lesions (15 metastases, 1 lymphoma, 1 benign mesothelioma, 1 echinococcosis and 1 tuberculosis). Four distinct but aspecific patterns of omental pathology were identified with CT: omental caking; finely infiltrated fat with a "smudged" appearance; discrete nodules; cystic masses. CT is the most reliable radiographic technique to routinely evaluate omental lesions.
This report describes a paciniomyolipoma as an intradural tumor of the lumbar spinal cord composed of adipose tissue, striated skeletal muscle, and pacinian corpuscles. Simple lipomas, myolipomas, and other variant lipomas of the spinal cord have been described in the literature; to the authors' knowledge, however, this is the first report of this unusual and unique lipoma.
Minute pulmonary meningothelial-like nodules (MPMNs), previously known as minute pulmonary chemodectomas, are relatively rare lesions. They are small (1-3 mm) and often multiple. Pathologically, they represent an interstitial nodular proliferation of small oval or spindle-shape cells arranged in a "zellenballen" nesting pattern. The function and origin of the cells are unknown. These nodules are associated with specific conditions, including thromboembolism, cardiac disease, and malignancy. We describe a patient with MPMNs and adenocarcinoma of the lung in whom HRCT showed tiny (1-3 mm in diameter) nodules of ground-glass attenuation.
The angiomyolipoma is a benign renal tumor composed of fat, smooth muscle, and abnormal blood vessels. The tumor often extends into the perinephric space and often is complicated by intratumoral or perinephric hemorrhage. The CT findings of 17 cases of angiomyolipoma were correlated with their pathologic findings and are described. CT scans usually demonstrate a large fatty mass intermixed with areas of tissue density which may represent nonfatty parts of the tumor or areas of hemorrhage. CT is more sensitive than plain films at detecting the fat within the angiomyolipoma. CT is also useful in identifying perinephric extension and hemorrhage. In those angiomyolipomas composed primarily of smooth muscle or in which intratumoral hemorrhage has obscured the fatty part of the tumor, the CT appearance is indistinguishable from other solid renal tumors.
A computer software, RättsBASE (RB), was developed for all forensic pathology units in Sweden and introduced in 1992. Simultaneously, a corresponding software, ToxBASE (TB), was developed for the Department of Forensic Toxicology, where all forensic toxicology in Sweden is managed. Both of the databases were created using dBASE IV, and the programming was carried out according to specifications from the staff at the forensic toxicology and forensic pathology units. since the development or RB and TB was coordinated, the systems can run together smoothly. The purpose of both systems was to automate the offices and to enable compilation of detailed statistics. Installation of Novell Netware and ISDN-connections (Integrated Service Digital Network) has enabled rapid communication between the units and easy compilation of nationwide statistics of forensic pathology and forensic toxicology. the systems offer a wide spectrum of reports and include a simple module for evaluation of the importance of the forensic efforts for th whole death investigation. The configuration of the softwares has also enabled processing of a large amount of related toxicological and autopsy data that in turn has yielded a base for compilation of toxicology interpretation lists. This article includes a summary of the features of the software and a discussion of its benefits and limitations.
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A 30-year-old woman died eleven weeks after the onset of an acute illness during which she developed quadriplegia, dysphasia, incontinence, confusion, emotional lability and gaze palsies. The CT scan demonstrated large white matter low attenuation lesions with no mass effect and minimal contrast enhancement. At necropsy the lesions were shown to be those of massive cerebral demyelination.
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Computerized processing of data from patients with chronic arterial disease of lower limbs has been an unsuccessful venture in many cases. This is due essentially to the complexity of the case-reports to be analyzed. In addition, the objectives are not the same if it concerns an angiologist or a vascular surgeon, or relates to an outpatient or hospital sector. Certain exploratory procedures such as Doppler and arteriography have not yet been the object of an agreement with respect to their results. An approach to the problem is proposed with respect to the polyvalent basic elements and then the more specific features as a function of the specific activity of the doctor concerned.
The "dead finger" was first introduced into medical language in 1862 during the inaugural thesis of Maurice Raynaud: "of local asphyxia and symmetrical gangrene of the extremities". It has never ceased to stimulate interest since that date and to excite passionate speeches. Numerous reports of studies have been published since 1862 and "Raynaud's disease" has become a "syndrome", "phenomenon" or even "idiopathic disease" as a function of the author and the prevailing fashion, thus increasing the original confusion. However, it is now recognized that vasomotor disorders are not due to a single cause: apart from the primary forms of apparently purely spasmodic etiology, numerous affections accompanying these anomalies have been discovered.
The wrist has been studied morphologically and functionally using advanced technology. The osseous morphology of the wrist was investigated by computed tomography and surface reconstruction software. The functional behavior of the wrist in motion was studied using electromagnetic tracker technology. Three-dimensional imaging from CT scans is emerging as a research tool for the study of gross surface morphology, especially for osseous structures. One of the most demanding applications of this technology lies in the human wrist, because of its small size and inherent complexity. We have demonstrated some of the potential of computer graphics and three-dimensional surface reconstructions in the wrist for patients with osseous abnormalities. Acquisition of six-degree-of-freedom kinematic data to describe carpal motion has been made possible by new electromagnetic tracker technology. Analysis of these data in human wrist experiments revealed that the instantaneous center of rotation was not fixed in the head of the capitate, as was previously thought.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
AIM: To review the experience gained in transferring USA computer-based teaching system of medical school pathology to Croatia. METHODS: Computer-based teaching program of pathology developed at the University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas, USA, was transferred to the University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. The experimental group of 49 students was enrolled into this computer-based program. Their performance was compared with that of 195 classmates enrolled in the standard course. Objective (performance on the examinations) and subjective data (students' interviews and written evaluations of the course) were analyzed. RESULTS: The computer program was operational 5 months from the inception of the transfer. It was well received by the students, even though many initially complained that it required more effort and a continuous commitment. The major problems concerned scheduling, reflecting various requirements i mposed on students by other departments teaching in parallel with the Pathology course. Objective data gathered so far indicate that the students enrolled in the computer-based program took the first midterm examination at a significantly higher rate than the rest of the class (p<0.001), and passed the examination with significantly better grades (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Computer-based teaching programs can be readily transferred to other countries. Full implementation of the program, however, may require significant changes in the existing curriculum in the medical school to which such a program has been transferred or considerable modifications in the program adopted for transfer. It appears that the students enrolled in the computer-based program perform better than students in the standard pathology course.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumors that typically arise in association with the muscularis propria of gastrointestinal (GI) tract wall. They occur most frequently in the stomach (60%) but also can occur in the small bowel (30%) or elsewhere, including the colon and rectum (5%) and esophagus (<5%). In addition, a GIST may occur as a primary tumor of the omentum, mesentery, or retroperitoneum. They account for 1%-3% of gastric neoplasms, 20% of small bowel tumors, and 0.2%-1% of colorectal tumors. These tumors arise pathologically from the wall of the GI tract and can be characterized as benign, borderline, or with low or high malignant potential based on the pathologic appearance. Computed tomography (CT) plays an important role for the diagnosis and staging of these neoplasms because it can identify the tumor and assess for local spread or distant metastases. This article reviews the role of CT in the detection and characterization of GISTs. The optimal CT technique for visualization of small bowel tumors is reviewed, and a variety of GISTs are illustrated. Pathologic correlation is also included.