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Continuing education needs of board members, administrators, and health care personnel.

Our society is becoming more aware of the basic fact that education is a lifelong process. The dynamic world in which we live requires that we continually update our knowledge and skills. Educational institutions that have traditionally viewed their mission as one of providing a sequence of courses leading to a specific degree are now expanding their role to include postgraduate nondegree offerings. The MIS area certainly ranks high among those fields that have a dynamic characteristic. Institutions with particular academic strength in this area can provide a needed service--and at the same time create a market niche for themselves--by developing and presenting continuing education programs in the area of MIS.

Computer Literacy↗

Expectations and outcome skills of a generalist health care administrator.

The question of the degree of technical versus managerial competence to be found in future graduates from health administration programs is not easily resolved. In the HIMSS 1988 survey of CIOs the attributes needed for success are listed in descending rank order as follows: leadership ability, vision/imagination, knowledge of hospital systems, business acumen, decisiveness, and technical competence. CIOs ranked technical competence as less important than other attributes associated with general management success. The expectations for attitudes, knowledge, and skills presented in this article support the greater importance of management abilities relative to pure technical competence. However, it is vital that an appropriate level of technical knowledge and skill be maintained to enable future alumni of health administration programs to function effectively as administrators. Depending on their role in a health care organization, greater or lesser technical knowledge may be needed. Those pursuing a career path toward CIO must, of necessity, have greater technical knowledge and skill. We have discussed necessary and expected attitudes, knowledge, and skills that will be needed by the generalist health administration graduate in the future. It will be important to develop and maintain an attitude that MIS is a strategic tool, that health care technology is a corporate asset, and that information is power. Graduates must recognize the necessity of maintaining and enhancing their knowledge and skills through continuing education. The knowledge base of MIS education should focus on determining information needs to support strategic goals, understanding of general systems theory, principles of systems analysis, design, implementation and maintenance, awareness and exposure to standard application software, and an awareness of external sources of data.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computer Literacy↗

The 1990s and beyond: determining the need for community health and primary care nurses for rural populations.

Increased numbers of primary care and advanced practice nurses with unique generalist skills will be required to meet the accelerating physiologic and sociocultural health care needs of rural populations. Several factors have been identified that will influence the demands and position of community-based nurses in rural practice settings during the next decade. A back-to-basics type of health care offered out of a growing elderly population; technological breakthroughs that make it possible for more chronically ill patients to live at home; serious substance abuse and other adolescent problems; AIDS; and high infant morbidity and mortality statistics are only some of the concerns that will demand nursing intervention. These changes speak to the need for improved nursing coordination, stronger collegial relationships, and better communication between physicians and nurses. Health care is moving in new directions to offer more efficient and technologically sophisticated care. These changes enhance the need for clinically expert educators who teach and jointly practice in programs with a rural focus. Telecommunications, and heightened computer literacy, will play a major role both in nursing education and clinical practice. The goals of kindergarten through 12th grade health promotion and disease prevention strategies in school health will be the norm and will require better prepared, and positions for, school nurses. More midwives and public health nurses will be needed to care for the growing population of sexually active adolescents who are in need of family planning and prenatal care. Underinsured and indigent populations will continue to fall within the purview of midlevel practitioners, as will providing anesthesia services in small rural hospitals. The transition of some rural hospitals into expanded primary care units (e.g., EACHs and RPCHs), and new models of case management will greatly influence nursing demands. This paper will further identify critical areas of advanced practice nursing within community settings, including new relationships with other health care providers, and will introduce strategies upon which rural health policy recommendations for the 1990s can be addressed.

Community Health Nursing↗

Being analog.

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Computer Literacy↗

Nursing informatics in nursing education.

Full integration of nursing informatics education at all levels at academic institutions and in practice is critical to nursing as the profession faces the 21st century. Nursing informatics, which encompasses computer hardware, software, and network systems, supports the profession's goals of achieving computer literacy by the year 2000. Strategies for successful integration of nursing informatics into curricula are identified, and specific tactics that promote desired outcomes suggested. The benefits that nursing informatics brings to education, administration, research, and practice are stated and the role of professional nursing organizations in promoting nursing informatics' status as a recognized nursing specialty is noted, and the specialty's role in promoting the profession's future development described.

Curriculum↗

Training strategy for nursing staff in using computers in hospitals--a Malaysian viewpoint.

The ability of hospitals to fulfil their roles--of information processing and dissemination, and of quality patient care provider--is influenced by the availability of supporting information systems. Using computers in wards, which is a change process, introduces new working practices accompanied by attitudinal and knowledge alterations in the users. This paper suggests that as a practical approach users need to be consulted and assessed prior to the introduction of computers in their work places. A questionnaire survey, the main purpose of which was to determine the potential users' responses and to measure their computer competencies, was sent to 183 nursing staff in several hospitals. Results show that the respondents have slightly positive attitudes towards computers even though 85% of them were computer illiterate. A training strategy is needed to increase competencies and to develop more favourable attitudes, which can be monitored using four training indicators.

Adult↗

The Colorado curriculum: training physician executives.

The University of Colorado Health Sciences Center School of Medicine has developed a course to teach business and management concepts to medical students, house-staff, and residents to enable young physicians to better understand and cope with the changing socioeconomic environment confronting medicine. An extracurricular course was developed to include an overview of the current health provider system, an introduction to medical marketing, financial management, computer literacy, and lifestyle choices.

Colorado↗

Computer experience and computer attitude: a model to predict the use of computerised information systems.

Computers are now essential technology in use by health workers. The literature shows that a number of factors effect the use of computers and many of them are related to attitude towards automation. Computer experience has been mostly used as a factor that effects computer attitude and its relationship with computer anxiety and computer use is not simple. Survey data from a study of 302 health workers, employed in a community setting was used to model the prediction of intention to use computers. The final model shows that 'positive computer experience' had a significant effect on computer attitude, computer anxiety and intention to use computers (both directly and indirectly). The model also confirms that those with a positive attitude towards computers had stronger intention to use computers. The value of these findings to health organisations in implementing automated systems is discussed.

Attitude to Computers↗