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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Human histology of new attachment after root coverage using subepithelial connective tissue graft.

BACKGROUND, AIMS: Connective tissue grafts are used successfully in periodontal therapy for root coverage. However, reports on the histologic interface between the root surface and the grafted tissue have been few in number. This report describes a case study in which a subepithelial connective tissue graft was placed in a 27-year-old female on the maxillary left side. METHODS: The graft (15 mm long, 10 mm wide, 1.5 mm thick) included palatal periosteum and was placed with the periosteal side facing the exposed bone and root surfaces. RESULTS: 15 weeks after grafting, the teeth presented with residual recessions of 1 mm, and buccal probing depths were approximately 1 mm. 14 months post-surgery, the 1st maxillary premolars on both sides were extracted for orthodontic therapy. Clinical parameters at the graft site remained as at 15 weeks. Histologic analysis of tooth #24 showed that the sulcular epithelium was keratinized; epithelium lining the dentin exhibited rete ridges projecting into the gingival connective tissue; and junctional epithelium extended over new cementum. New connective tissue attachment was also observed, including periodontal ligament. CONCLUSION: Biological width was comparable pre- and post-surgery, indicating a real gain in attachment of 3.9 mm.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ineffectiveness of rat liver tissues in the screening of connective tissue disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of using rat liver tissues (RLT) for the screening of connective tissue disease (CTD). METHODS: Results of patient samples, submitted to the Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom for investigation of CTD between 2001 and 2002, were analyzed. Positive results for anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) antibodies were correlated with the results of the corresponding anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), obtained by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) using RLT. In the second part of the study samples that were previously tested positive for anti-ENA or anti-dsDNA antibodies, were investigated prospectively for ANA using both RLT and human epithelial (Hep-2) cell line. RESULTS: The IIF method employing RLT for screening of CTD, failed to detect ANA patterns from 45% and 25% of patient samples know to contain antibodies to dsDNA and ENA. The anti-dsDNA antibodies that failed to be detected by the RLT were of low avidity and their clinical significance is unknown. In contrast, the antibodies to ENA were mostly directed against the Ro antigen and a clear marker of CTD. Hep-2 cell line enhanced the detection rate of anti-ENA antibodies, particularly those against the Ro antigen. In contrast, and like RLT, Hep-2 cell line failed to detect the low avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies. CONCLUSION: The present study has clearly shown that RLT are ineffective for screening of CTD. It is recommended that laboratories, which are still using these tissues, should consider replacing them with the Hep-2 cell line.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Connective tissue diseases in childhood].

Connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of chronic multisystem inflammatory disorders including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), dermato- (DM) and polymyositis (PM), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and Sjögren's syndrome (SS). Patients can present with similar clinical features, particularly during the first onset of symptoms, which frequently makes the diagnosis of a specific disease difficult. The incidence of connective tissue diseases is much lower in children than adults; however, the clinical picture is more variable. Clinical signs, such as fatigue, fever, or weight loss, may precede any systemic organ involvement and in children, mucocutaneous manifestations develop most frequently during the varying disease course. This review summarizes recent information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, and treatment strategies of the different connective tissue diseases, concentrating on specific problems in childhood.

Child↗
PubMed1988

Experimental diabetes and the lung. II. In vivo connective tissue metabolism.

In vivo lung connective tissue and DNA synthesis, following intraperitoneal injection of [14C]proline and [3H]thymidine, were studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats fed ad libitum. Insulin-treated diabetic and normal rats similarly fed, and undernourished rats weight-matched to the untreated diabetics, served as comparison groups. The ratio of unbound [14C]hydroxyproline to total [14C]hydroxyproline in the lung was used to assess connective tissue degradation. Compared to the normal group, the untreated diabetic animals showed similar synthesis of collagen and elastin, reduced synthesis of total protein and DNA, and decreased degradation of connective tissue. When compared with the normal group, the undernourished animals showed diminished synthesis of total protein, collagen, elastin, and DNA, and increased degradation of connective tissue. In comparison to the undernourished group, the untreated diabetic animals indicated increased synthesis of collagen and elastin, and diminished degradation of connective tissue; total protein and DNA syntheses were similar. The insulin-treated diabetic animals showed increased collagen and DNA synthesis. We conclude that experimental diabetes has a profound effect on lung connective tissue metabolism, supporting previous observations of connective tissue abnormalities and morphometric changes. The increase in lung collagen and elastin in diabetes is in part due to reduced breakdown of the connective tissue proteins.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

A comparison of two techniques for obtaining a connective tissue graft from the palate.

Connective tissue grafts have become an important part of periodontal reconstructive surgery. There are several techniques available to harvest a suitable connective tissue graft. In this study, two techniques for obtaining a connective tissue graft were compared. The techniques examined were the free gingival knife method and the parallel incisions method. The connective tissue grafts were used in a root coverage procedure: the connective tissue with partial thickness double pedicle graft technique. No statistically significant difference in the mean root coverage was detected when comparing the results produced by these graft harvesting techniques (98.3% to 98.7%). Root coverage of 100% was obtained in 84.2% of the cases treated with the free gingival graft knife method and in 93.3% of the cases treated with the parallel incisions method. Additionally, the parallel incisions method produced less patient discomfort, a smaller wound at 1 week postoperative, a more uniform graft, and was easier to use clinically. Based on this study, the parallel incision method meets more of the goals of an ideal technique for harvesting a connective tissue graft than the free gingival graft knife method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Connective tissue diseases and the liver.

Connective tissue diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren's syndrome, and scleroderma are systemic disorders that may have an autoimmune basis. The system manifestations vary, and there is frequent overlap among the syndromes. Liver involvement in patients with connective tissue diseases has been well documented but is generally considered rare. Although advanced liver disease with cirrhosis and liver failure is rare in patients with connective tissue diseases, clinical and biochemical evidence of associated liver abnormalities is common. Previous treatment with potentially hepatotoxic drugs or coincident viral hepatitis has usually been implicated as the main causes of liver disease in patients with connective tissue diseases. However, even after careful exclusion of these etiologies, the question remains whether to classify the patient as having a primary liver disease with associated autoimmune, clinical, and laboratory features or as having liver disease as a manifestation of generalized connective tissue disease. The main example of this pathogenetic dilemma is autoimmune hepatitis and SLE-associated hepatitis, which have been regarded as two different entities, although they have features in common of autoimmune syndromes. Several clinical and histopathologic features have been used to discriminate autoimmune hepatitis from SLE, a relevant diagnostic exercise because complications and therapy are quite different. Although hepatic steatosis and abnormal results on biochemical liver function tests are the most common hepatic abnormalities associated with connective tissue diseases, other less frequent abnormalities have been noted, such as nodular regenerative hyperplasia, portal vein obliteration and portal hypertension, features of primary biliary cirrhosis, and rarely portal fibrosis with abnormal lobular architecture. Vascular disorders of the liver also have been described, such as Budd-Chiari syndrome. Histologic assessment may reveal a variety of subclinical liver diseases. The aim of this contribution is to review the current published data regarding liver involvement in connective tissue diseases.

Connective Tissue Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Microvessels in the human orbit in relation to the connective tissue system.

In the connective tissue system of the human orbit, the microvascular bed mainly arises from and drains into relatively large-calibre arteries and veins. The microvascular system shows a density increase from the apical region of the orbit towards the hind part of the eye-ball. Some of the microvessels are long, often arranged in loops. The smallest-sized vessels, branches of these long microvessels, show a dichotomous branching pattern and are in general confined to one adipose tissue compartment. Besides a "metabolic" function, the microvascular system, due to its compartmentalized structure, makes theoretically possible selective blood-filling of one or more adipose tissue compartments. If this does in fact occur, the microvascular bed, in co-operation with the orbital connective tissue "organ", could serve an important biomechanical function in controlling and regulating eye-ball movements. At microvascular level, the orbital vascular system is intensively interconnected with the extra-orbital vascular system. In the next article some histological aspects of the orbital connective tissue system will be described.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

A comparative study of root coverage obtained with guided tissue regeneration utilizing a bioabsorbable membrane versus the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft.

Obtaining predictable root coverage has become an important part of periodontal therapy. The purpose of this study was to compare two techniques of obtaining root coverage. The two techniques were the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft and guided tissue regeneration with a bioabsorbable polylactic acid softened with citric acid ester membrane. The connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft had a mean root coverage of 97.1%, and the guided tissue regeneration procedure produced a mean root coverage of 75.1%. This difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, it was the goal of this study to determine if the thickness of the tissue near the defect was a factor in root coverage. Thickness of the tissue was not a factor with the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft. The thin areas had a mean root coverage of 100%, while the others had a mean root coverage of 95.9%. This difference was not statistically significant; however, the thickness of the tissue was a factor in root coverage success in the guided tissue regeneration procedure. The thin areas treated with guided tissue regeneration had a mean root coverage of 26.7%, while the others had a mean root coverage of 95.9%. This difference was statistically significant. The results of this study demonstrate that root coverage is possible with both procedures. However, when the tissue in the area of the defect is relatively thin, the connective tissue with partial-thickness double pedicle graft will produce greater root coverage. When treating defects with tissue that is not thin, similar amounts of root coverage can be obtained with both procedures.

Absorption↗
PubMed2003

Calcium sulfate-augmented soft tissue root coverage adjacent to connective tissue grafting: a new technique.

A new technique using calcium sulfate augmentation for root coverage is described. Three consecutive cases were treated with the calcium sulfate technique adjacent to teeth being treated with the classic connective tissue grafting technique. Although this is only a pilot study, the postoperative results of the calcium sulfate-treated sites showed similar tissue shape, color, and contour to the adjacent grafted sites. The amount of root coverage was also similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Attenuation of tracheal smooth muscle contraction by connective tissue.

Removing the fibroelastic connective tissue, which surrounds the smooth muscle of the pig trachea, enhanced contractions and decreased desensitization in vitro in response to histamine. There were no differences between the preparations in the presence of indomethacin. The magnitude of contraction to acetylcholine was not significantly different. Incubation of the connective tissue in histamine solution caused the appearance of a substance(s) which relaxed other, precontracted tracheal muscles. Propranolol did not block this relaxation. Intact connective tissue appears to reduce the reactivity of the tracheal smooth muscle to histamine.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular disease of connective tissue origin.

Inherited abnormalities of connective tissue elements often cause changes in the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Well-known heritable disorders of connective tissue in which cardiovascular abnormalities are prominent include the Marfan syndrome and the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Connective tissue abnormalities also occur without the associated features of a recognized syndrome. These include isolated valvular prolapse and anuloaortic ectasia. In this review, the cardiovascular features of connective tissue abnormalities--both the recognized syndromes and the isolated abnormalities--are described, important concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders are reviewed, and the classification of inherited connective tissue abnormalities of the cardiovascular system is discussed.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Depressed plasma fibrinolytic activity in a group of patients with connective tissue diseases.

In various connective tissue disorders, a depressed fibrinolytic activity of the blood, attributed a contributory role in the development of disease, has been reported. We have determined selected fibrinolysis variables of the blood in 16 patients (7 patients with mixed connective tissue disease, 4 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 3 with rheumatoid arthritis and 2 with systemic sclerosis) and in 16 apparently healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. A significantly reduced mean activity of the intrinsic derived, urokinase-like plasminogen activator was found in the patient group. None of the other variables, including the extrinsic plasminogen activator (t-PA), differed from the control group. Possible implications of our findings in relation to the patho-physiology of these connective tissue diseases are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a polyepoxy compound cross-linked heterologous connective tissue tube.

A heterologous connective tissue tube with "built-in" polyester mesh was developed using a rabbit subcutaneous tissue and polyepoxy compound cross-linking method. To evaluate the graft, 11 grafts were implanted end to end in the position of the thoracic aorta of 11 dogs and evaluated from 1 hr to 80 days after surgery. The graft was white and pliable, and the mesh was seen through the connective tissue. The handling characteristics were good, and no bleeding was observed from either the graft wall or suture holes. Macroscopically, at 1 hour, the luminal surface was covered with a thin thrombus layer. At 80 days, most of the inner surface of the explanted graft was white and shiny without irregularity, but a small area of blood stain was observed. Microscopically, fibroblasts were observed in the graft wall at 7 days; capillaries penetrating to the luminal surface appeared at 29 days. Bleeding was rarely observed around the fabric. A layer of donor connective tissue was still observed at 80 days. No foreign body reaction was observed except around the mesh. It was concluded that the graft healed well and could be an arterial substitute.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Advanced glycosylation end products up-regulate connective tissue growth factor (insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein 2) in human fibroblasts: a potential mechanism for expansion of extracellular matrix in diabetes mellitus.

Expansion of extracellular matrix with fibrosis occurs in many tissues as part of the end-organ complications in diabetes, and advanced glycosylation end products (AGE) are implicated as one causative factor in diabetic tissue fibrosis. Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), also known as insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-related protein-2 (IGFBP-rP2), is a potent inducer of extracellular matrix synthesis and angiogenesis and is increased in tissues from rodent models of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether CTGF is up-regulated by AGE in vitro and to explore the cellular mechanisms involved. AGE treatment of primary cultures of nonfetal human dermal fibroblasts in confluent monolayer increased CTGF steady state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In contrast, mRNAs for other IGFBP superfamily members, IGFBP-rP1 (mac 25) and IGFBP-3, were not up-regulated by AGE. The effect of the AGE BSA reagent on CTGF mRNA was due to nonenzymatic glycosylation of BSA and, using neutralizing antisera to AGE and to the receptor for AGE, termed RAGE, was seen to be due to late products of nonenzymatic glycosylation and was partly mediated by RAGE. Reactive oxygen species as well as endogenous transforming growth factor-beta1 could not explain the AGE effect on CTGF mRNA. AGE also increased CTGF protein in the conditioned medium and cell-associated CTGF. Thus, AGE up-regulates the profibrotic and proangiogenic protein CTGF (IGFBP-rP2), a finding that may have significance in the development of diabetic complications.

Cells, Cultured↗