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PubMed2001

[Dyspepsia-related quality of life. Spanish adaptation and validation of the questionnaire Dyspepsia-Related Health Scale].

BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia affects about 25 % of the population and may cause an important decrease in quality of life. The aim of this work was to perform a Spanish validation and adaptation of the questionnaire DRHS (Dyspepsia Related Health Scale), a tool that assesses dyspepsia-related quality of life. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The study was carried out in 234 subjects, 163 with symptoms of dyspepsia and 71 health volunteers. Two rheumatologists, 2 general practitioners, 1 gastroenterologist, 1 clinical pharmacologist, 1 pharmacoepidemiologist and 1 psychologist were involved in the work. The process of adaptation and validation included translation and re-translation, pilot study in 16 patients, dimensionality, reliability and validity (of content, of construct, convergent, predictive and discriminative). RESULTS: The mean age was 49.1 years (SD: 18) and 60.7 % were females. The between-judges agreement rate of Hambleton and Rovinelli, which evaluates the content validity, was lower than 0.41. The construct validity assessed by the factorial analysis of responses showed that each subscale may be considered unidimensional in both health volunteers and individuals with dyspepsia. Reliability was satisfactory (Cronbach's alpha = 0.92) and stability of measures (test-retest) was excellent with a correlation coefficient of 0.95. The convergent validity, assessed by means of the EuroQoL, was only moderate with a correlation coefficient of 0.54 (p < 0.001). The predictive validity, assessed by administering the questionnaire 12 days after treating dyspepsia, showed a correlation coefficient of 0.47 between the two measures (p < 0.001). There was also a relationship between scores variation and outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the DRHS, so-called QoL-PEI (questionnaire of quality of life related with problems of stomach and intestine), displays good metric properties and is able to predict the evolution of dyspepsia. The results of this study show that this tool is essentially unidimensional, yet it can be used on a multidimensional form to perform a differentiated assessment of each evaluated case.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia: standard evaluation of symptoms and severity.

Description and quantification of the symptoms of adductor spasmodic dysphonia often reflect the clinician's knowledge of the disorder, ideas about the cause of the disorder, and personal experience. No reliable instrument that identifies and quantifies the spectrum of perceptual symptoms has been available. Therefore, we developed a standardized measure called the Unified Spasmodic Dysphonia Rating Scale (USDRS) in cooperation with a team of 118 experienced voice judges. Consensual validations of content validity guided the incremental development of the scale. Using the USDRS allows more consistent and complete data collection, both clinically and in research clinical trials.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

A self-administered questionnaire to measure dependence on cigarettes: the cigarette dependence scale.

A valid measure of dependence on cigarettes is a useful tool for clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to develop a new, self-administered measure of cigarette dependence, and to assess its validity. The content of the instrument was generated in qualitative surveys. A long version (114 items) was tested on the internet in 3009 smokers. Subsamples provided retest data after 18 days (n=578), follow-up data after 45 days (n=990) and saliva cotinine (n=105). The study resulted in a 12-item scale labelled the Cigarette Dependence Scale (CDS-12), and in a 5-item version of this scale (CDS-5). Except for tolerance, CDS-12 covers the main components of DSM-IV and ICD-10 definitions of dependence: compulsion, withdrawal symptoms, loss of control, time allocation, neglect of other activities, and persistence despite harm. CDS-5 has similar measurement properties but less comprehensive content. Both scales had a high test-retest reliability (r>or=0.83), and a high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha>or=0.84). CDS-12 scores were higher in daily smokers than in occasional smokers (+1.3SD units), and were associated with the strength of the urge to smoke during the last quit attempt (R(2)>or=0.25), and with saliva cotinine (R(2)>or=0.17). CDS-12 and CDS-5 scores decreased in daily smokers who switched to occasional smoking at 18-day retest. Dependence scores did not predict smoking abstinence at follow-up. In conclusion, CDS-12 and CDS-5 are reliable measures of cigarette dependence which fulfill several criteria of content validity and construct validity and are sensitive to change over time.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Development of a questionnaire for measurement of vision-related quality of life.

PURPOSE: To define vision-related quality of life, to outline the development of a vision-specific quality of life instrument and to present the characteristics of a 10-item 'core' questionnaire. METHOD: A standard method included: 1. Generation of relevant issues by individual interviews with 38 visually impaired adults, consultation with 37 professionals and support workers and literature review. 2. Operationalisation, involving 58 ophthalmic patients. 3. Pre-testing, to maximise face validity and content validity, involving 184 individuals with a variety of different visual problems and social backgrounds. 4. Adoption of a modular approach to item selection. 5. Formal piloting in 92 individuals to establish reliability and construct validity. RESULTS: More than 232 items were tested of which 139 were considered suitable for a final question pool or 'parent' questionnaire (the VQOL). From this parent questionnaire individual items or groups of items can be selected. Ten broadly applicable items referring to physical, social and psychological issues were selected for the core questionnaire (the VCM1). The VCM1 has high reliability (alpha = 0.93) and validity. CONCLUSIONS: Any self-reported problem relating to vision may constitute a quality of life issue. A modular approach to item selection may provide the flexibility to investigate vision-related quality of life in a wide range of clinical settings, allowing detailed assessment of specific problems and also cross-study comparisons where appropriate.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Creating a reliable and valid blueprint for the internal medicine clerkship evaluation.

The objective of this study was to design an examination blueprint for the Internal Medicine clerkship rotation that is congruent with both the learning objectives and delivered learning experiences and reflects the perceived importance of clinical presentations from both the students' and clinicians' perspectives. In this cross-sectional study 11 specialists in General Internal Medicine (GIM) and 11 clinical clerks at the University of Calgary were asked to score each of the 47 clinical presentations in the Internal Medicine clerkship rotation for 'impact' and 'frequency'. These attributes were used to provide an estimate of the relative importance of each clinical presentation. Statistical tests used were the Pearson's correlation coefficient and the Kappa statistic. Multi-attribute utility theory was applied to assess the best way of combining the variables of 'impact' and 'frequency'. The correlation between clerks and GIM specialists was 0.85 for the impact score and 0.86 for the frequency score (p < 0.001 for both). Corresponding Kappa values were 0.71 and 0.82, respectively (p < 0.001 for both). Combining impact and frequency as a multiplicative function produced a distribution that was positively skewed towards common, high impact presentations such as chest pain. We have created an examination blueprint that provides a realistic and objective measure of the relative importance of clinical presentations. Such a blueprint provides both face validity and content validity to the evaluation process.

Alberta↗

PubMed2003

Death obsession in Kuwaiti and American college students.

Two samples of Kuwaiti (n = 460) and American (n = 273) male and female undergraduates responded to the Death Obsession Scale (DOS) in Arabic and English, respectively. Cronbach's alpha reliability statistics were .96 and .91, respectively, denoting high internal consistency. In the same vein, all the item-remainder correlations in both samples were significant denoting item validity and content validity. A general factor of death obsession was disclosed in the Kuwaiti sample, whereas two salient factors (death rumination, and death dominance and repetition) were extracted in the American sample. Gender-related differences were significant in the Kuwaiti sample, that is, females attained higher mean score than their male counterparts, whereas there were no significant gender differences in the American sample. Kuwaiti students attained significantly higher mean DOS score than their American counterparts in the total and all the individual items of the DOS.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The state of EMS education research project: characteristics of EMS educators.

OBJECTIVES: The preparation of emergency medicine practitioners occurs at a variety of levels, via individuals with various levels of experience and training, and through a variety of oversight organizations. The purpose of this study was to quantify the characteristics of those recognized as prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) educators, the type and amount of infrastructure available to facilitate the learning process, and what attributes and common practices the profession values. METHODS: The respondents (n = 1,691) were generated randomly from a nationwide systematic sample of all known EMS instructors. The sample was adequate to generalize to the 15,000 EMS educators. Face validity and content validity were assured through use of a 24-member focus group of EMS educators, practitioners, and administrators, who reviewed the questionnaire. Reliability estimates were generated via Cronbach's alpha and Kuder-Richardson 20 and 21 and ranged from 0.59 to 0.83, with a grand mean for the seven study constructs of 0.70. Factor analysis with varimax rotation explained 40% to 66% of the respective construct variance, with a grand mean of 56% of the response variance explained. RESULTS: The respondents were satisfied with their teaching experience (98%), expected to continue (80%), and taught because of a perceived dearth of qualified instructors. Only half of the respondents utilized federally generated curricular materials, and approximately 20% were uncomfortable in assessing psychomotor skills. The relationship of testing to assessment and skill performance appeared to be the most significant pedagogic challenge. CONCLUSIONS: The respondents were a senior group of educators committed to the training of new providers who will comprise the foundation of future EMS educational efforts at the national level.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Design of new questionnaires to measure quality of life and treatment satisfaction in hypothyroidism.

INTRODUCTION: This paper reports work undertaken to design two new condition-specific questionnaires for use in hypothyroidism: the Underactive Thyroid-Dependent Quality of Life Questionnaire (ThyDQoL) and the Underactive Thyroid Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (ThyTSQ). METHODS: Semistructured interviews exploring quality of life (QoL) and experiences of treatment were conducted with 30 women and 8 men with hypothyroidism, (mean age, 51.9; range, 29-79 years), 37 of 38 treated with thyroxine, recruited from hospital clinics and primary care. RESULTS: Despite thyroxine treatment, most interviewees reported negative impact of hypothyroidism on QoL, particularly on energy, physical capabilities, motivation, physical appearance, and weight. The newly designed ThyDQoL has 18 domains covering these and other aspects of life affected by hypothyroidism. It is an individualized measure of patients' perceived impact of hypothyroidism on their QOL, which takes into account the importance of personally applicable life domains to the patient. A 7-item measure of satisfaction with current treatment was designed (ThyTSQ-Present) but interviews also indicated the need for a separate 4-item section measuring satisfaction with past treatment around the time of diagnosis (ThyTSQPast). CONCLUSIONS: The ThyDQoL and ThyTSQ questionnaires have good face validity and content validity for adults with hypothyroidism. They are now ready for use in clinical research and psychometric evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

The determinants of reproductive health service provision by general practitioners in Pakistan.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify the factors that influence the provision of reproductive health services by General Practitioners (GPs) working in the province of Sind, Pakistan. METHODS AND PARTICIPANTS: One hundred and ninety-eight GPs were selected as the study participants by a multistage, randomized stratified, proportionate sampling procedure. Data were collected using a self-completed questionnaire, which was validated for content validity by an expert review panel and for face validity by a pilot test administered to doctors from developing countries. Data collection took place between November 2000 and February 2001. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of GPs (171/198) responded to the questionnaire. Of those, only 25% reported providing reproductive health services in their clinics. The major determinants of reproductive health service provision were found to be the urban location of the GP clinic, being a female GP, postgraduate training in reproductive health and a good knowledge of reproductive health. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that the provision of reproductive health services in Sind could be improved by increasing the involvement of female GPs. This can be achieved by encouraging more female GPs into the specialty, with the use of incentives if necessary, and providing adequate postgraduate training to improve their reproductive health knowledge and skills. The results of this study have broadened understanding of the factors that influence GPs in their provision of reproductive health services, and will contribute significantly to research on reproductive health in Pakistan.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Spanish validation of an instrument to measure the quality of nursing care in hospital emergency units.

The article describes the translation and adaptation to Spanish of the Consumer Emergency Care Satisfaction Scale (CECSS), an instrument used to measure the quality of care nurses give in emergency units. Bilingual people using a translation-retrotranslation process performed the adaptation. The reliability and validity of content and construction were analyzed. The reliability study showed satisfactory indexes in all cases. Content validity (judgment of expert nurses and patients) obtained a mean item-dimension suitability valuation of 6.1 and item-scale suitability of 5.5. As the Spanish version of the CECSS is comprehensible to patients, and reliability and validity are satisfactory, it provides a useful measure of the quality of nursing care.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗

PubMed1997

Teaching about the female condom.

Reality female condoms became available for over-the-counter purchase in the fall of 1994. Because the female condom is a new sexual barrier device, women need to learn how to use it correctly. Health care providers must also be knowledgeable about the correct use of the female condom so that they can teach women how to use it as a barrier method. To facilitate learning about the female condom, a curriculum was developed that included a quiz on knowledge about the female condom. Content validity was established through a content validity index completed by six content experts. This quiz was used to evaluate educational sessions offered to 42 persons in an urban college setting and 18 women in a community setting. The article describes the female condom along with the curriculum that was developed to teach its correct use and the reactions of potential users of the female condom.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Greek versions of the Oswestry and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaires.

Disability questionnaires are increasingly used for clinical assessment, outcome measurement of treatment and research methodology of low back pain. Their use in different countries and cultural groups must follow certain guidelines for translation and cross-cultural adaptation. The translation of such an instrument must be tested for its reliability and validity to be applied and to allow comparability of data. The Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire are two disability questionnaires most commonly used as outcome measures in patients with low back pain. The two questionnaires were translated for use with the Greek population, were back translated and tested, and became available in a final version. The Greek versions of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire were tested in 697 patients with low back pain. Internal consistency reliability for the Greek translation of the Oswestry Disability Index and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire reached a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.833 and 0.885 respectively. Face validity and content validity were ensured. Concurrent validity was assessed using a six-point pain scale as a criterion. The correlation of both scales was significant. The Greek translation of these disability questionnaires provided reliable and valid instruments for the evaluation of Greek-speaking patients with low back pain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Clinical validation of the related factors and defining characteristics of impaired swallowing for patients with stroke.

This exploratory study was conducted to examine the reliability and validity of related factors and defining characteristics of impaired swallowing for stroke patients. Sample of the study included (1) 12 nursing experts, (2) 52 nurses who work in neurological wards, and (3) 107 stroke patients who were divided into a BDST (Burks Dysphagia Screening Test)-positive group (n = 51) and a BDST-negative group (n = 56). Data were collected and validated based on expert validity, diagnostic content validity (DCV), construct validity, and discriminate validity. Results showed that the DCV scores of 17 related factors and 12 defining characteristics were all greater than 0.5. The internal consistency of the 12 defining characteristics was demonstrated by a Cronbach alpha coefficient of 0.89. Two factors were extracted from the 12 defining characteristics after factor analysis; these were "high risk of aspiration with speech disorder" and "ineffectiveness of swallowing". Five major defining characteristics, i.e. pocketing of food, signs of acute aspiration, burning or tickling at the back of the throat, spitting food or food leaking from the mouth, and weak or hoarse cough, were determined by logistic regression. The findings of this study suggest that the 17 related factors and 12 defining characteristics are reliable and valid in diagnosing the problem of impaired swallowing for stroke patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Development of patient satisfaction questionnaires: I. Methodological issues.

OBJECTIVES: To develop a method for conducting postal surveys of patients' views and experiences of general practitioner care and to produce an off the shelf tool for general practice audit. DESIGN: Prospective study of performance of two patient questionnaires assessing accessibility to services (questionnaire 1) and interpersonal aspects of care (questionnaire 2) in comparing general practices. SETTING: Five general practices in Newcastle upon Tyne. PATIENTS: 3800 patients aged 16 and over, 1900 randomly drawn from family health services authority lists for each practice (questionnaire 1) and 1900 drawn from practice records (questionnaire 2). MAIN MEASURES: Response rates and technical evaluation of performance of the questionnaires (reliability, item nonresponse, ineligible response, sensitivity, and validity). RESULTS: Response rate for questionnaire 1 was 77% (range 69% to 83%) and to questionnaire 2, 82% (77% to 86%). Analysis of respondents and nonrespondents showed that significantly more women, people aged 65 or more, and those consulting in the past six months returned the questionnaires. Technical evaluation indicated good face validity and content validity and good internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS: A standardised off the shelf tool for audit was developed, and it will be a valuable model for future audits in general practice.

England↗

PubMed2006

[Validation of a scale to measure ill-treatment of women].

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the validity of content and of structure and the reliability of a questionnaire designed to measure ill-treatment (IT) of women by their partners. DESIGN: Descriptive, transversal, multi-centre study. SETTING: Four urban health centres in Granada, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: Three hundred and ninety one women of 14 and over who consulted in primary care and had a stable partner for at least 3 months. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Questionnaire by means of interviews between December 2000 and May 2001, with 10 Likert-like questions on physical, psychological, and sexual mistreatment, social and demographic questions and various health indicators. We analysed content validity by means of exploratory factorial analysis, reliability of alpha-Cronbach factors and of corrected scale-item correlation coefficients, and structure validity. RESULTS: We obtained 2 empirical IT factors that did not correspond to the theoretical dimensions of physical, psychological, and sexual mistreatment and explained 64.21% of variance. The first included all the questions on psychological abuse, one on physical abuse and the sexual abuse dimension. The second covered the remaining questions on physical IT and "breaking things in the home". The factors gave reliability coefficients of 0.8688 and 0.7072. Comparison by means of extreme groups technique showed that the questionnaire's structure is valid. CONCLUSION: We found this was a reliable and valid questionnaire for evaluating ill-treatment of women. Its use, particularly in primary care, could help expand and deepen understanding of the problem.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Construction of rating scales for measuring attitudinal and psychological characteristics of drug abusers.

The purpose of the paper is to show the construction of 8 Likert-type rating scales for measuring 8 attitudinal and psychological characteristics of drug abusers. They are: attitude toward drug taking, interpersonal relationships, self-concept, personal values, risk-taking tendency, motivation, rebelliousness, and pleasure seeking. A random sample of 20 drug abusers and their 20 nondrug controls individually matched for sex, approximate age, race, educational stream, and neighborhood was employed. The procedure of construction is discussed in detail, which includes definition of rating scales, review and comments of judges, item selection, and validation of rating scales. The final form of these 8 rating scales with 12 items each was obtained. They are shown to have presumably satisfactory face validity and content validity as well as high reliability ranging from .83 to .98.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Psychometric assessment of the Allen Barriers to Treatment Instrument.

The purpose of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Allen Barriers to Treatment Instrument (ABTI). Internal consistency reliability was assessed as well as five types of validity: face, content, criterion-related, convergent, and construct. A panel of experts was used to assess face and content validity of the ABTI; a two-group comparison method was used to evaluate criterion-related validity; qualitative analysis of responses to open-ended questions on the ABTI provided information about convergence; and item-to-total correlations of scores along with factor analysis was used to evaluate construct validity. Results showed strong evidence of the reliability and validity of the ABTI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

[Development of a tool in measuring yangsaeng].

PURPOSE: 'Yangsaeng' is a traditional healthcare regimen for the promotion of health and prevention of illnesses by means of specific principles and methods for the purpose of living a long and healthy life. The purpose of this paper was to develop a tool in measuring Yangsaeng and to verify its reliability and validity. METHOD: Content validity was conducted three times by 8 experts. Factor analysis was conducted to test its construct validity. RESULT: Thirty-one items were selected in 8 factors; Morality Yangsaeng, Mind Yangsaeng, Diet Yangsaeng, Activity & rest Yangsaeng, Exercise Yangsaeng, Seasonal Yangsaeng, Sleep Yangsaeng and Sex life Yangsaeng. The explanatory variance is 61.76%. Cronbach's alpha of the final tool is .89 and that of each factor is .68 approximately .82. The analysis of the items shows that the item-total correlation is .40 or higher. Criterion-related validity was verified with the CMCHS V1.0 and the KoHSME V1.0. CONCLUSION: Since the tool developed in this study was verified in terms of its reliability and validity, it could be utilized as a tool for evaluating the extent of Yangsaeng.

Adult↗