[A RECORDING APPARATUS FOR FEEDING AND DRINKING BEHAVIOR OF THE RAT].
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Animals↗
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Results for “Drinking Behavior”
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[Physalaemin-like N-terminal fragments of mammalian tissues, PHLIP-7 and PHLIP-8 do not modify drinking behavior and sodium appetite in rats].
PHLIP-7 and PHLIP-8, two peptides reproducing at least in part the N-terminal aminoacid sequence of physalaemin, have been identified in mammalian tissues. These peptides produce alterations of fighting behaviour in the mouse, but are devoid of any behavioural activity in the rat. This suggests that PHLIP-7 and PHLIP-8 have no affinity for brain receptors involved in the behavioural effects evoked by tachykinins in the rat, and that the brain of this animal is lacking in receptors for the N-terminal sequence of tachykinins.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Exploring Filipino American drinking behavior.
The purpose of this article was to explore characteristics distinguishing levels of drinking by Filipino Americans. A sample of 298 adult Filipinos was interviewed using a schedule based on a national study of drinking behavior and attitudes. Approximately 50% of the female sample were abstainers while 80% of the men were drinkers. Heavy drinking was almost exclusively a male activity. Thus, two models of Filipino drinking were examined. Logistic regression was used to identify social factors distinguishing female drinkers from abstainers. A second model clarified the influence of similar characteristics on male Filipinos who drank limited amounts of alcohol and those who drank heavily. The only variable significant in both models was regular participation in religious service.
Adult↗
Drinking behavior in water deprived rats after angiotensin receptor blockade.
Angiotensin II is a peptide normally present in the bloodstream and central nervous system. Exogenous angiotensin induces drinking which is inhibited by saralasin, a specific receptor antagonist. Administration of saralasin does not reduce endogenously stimulated drinking. Angiotensin is dipsogenic after intravenous or intracerebroventricular infusion, raising the possibility of multiple access routes to the brain. Water deprived rats were given saralasin by both routes simultaneously to block the access of endogenous angiotensin to recentors reached from blood and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Water deprivation increased plasma (Na+), hematocrit, vasopressin content and renin activity but saralasin treatment did not reduce water intake after 30 or 60 min. Therefore, blood or CSF-bore angiotensin does not appear to be an absolute requirement for water deprivation drinking behavior.
Angiotensin II↗
Alcohol expectancies and drinking behaviors in Mexican American college students.
Research with non-Latinos has shown that alcohol expectancies ("the anticipated effects of alcohol use") are associated with drinking behaviors; however, prior studies have not fully examined such relations in Latino college students. This investigation examines positive alcohol expectancies and their association with contextual drinking and alcohol-related problem behaviors in a sample of 107 Mexican American college students (mean age=25; 54% female) who completed self-report surveys. Results showed that students who endorsed expectancies of physical and social pleasure and increased social assertiveness were likely to engage in frequent heavy drinking and imbibe in less personal settings. Furthermore, gender (being male) and the expectancy of enhanced sexual performance and experience were associated with involvement in risk behaviors due to drinking. This study highlights the link between specific alcohol expectancies and alcohol-related problem behaviors in Mexican American college students. Intervention approaches aimed at modifying drinking expectancies in physical, social, and sexual domains could prove useful in this population.
Adult↗
Effects of unemployment on drinking behavior: a review of the relevant evidence.
Although it is often asserted that drinking and drinking problems are likely to increase as a consequence of unemployment, there is little evidence at present to support such a view. However, reasons why such a relationship might be expected may be derived from the literature on the social, psychological, and health effects of unemployment and also from the relationship between drinking behavior and occupation. It is argued that any competent investigation must consider the stages of unemployment and a number of psychological and demographic variables which may moderate the effects of unemployment on drinking. Finally, two specific hypotheses are identified and requirements for future research suggested.
Adult↗
Dapiprazol prevents U50,488H-mediated suppression of preparatory components of drinking behavior in rats.
In a previous study, we found that the kappa opioid agonist U50,488H (U50) suppresses both appetitive and consummatory components of drinking behavior in rats trained to negotiate water in a straight runway. U50 also activates diuresis. Kappa opioid mechanisms could therefore play a dissipative role in the body's water balance. Since naloxone inhibits diuresis, but not hypodipsia produced by U50, these effects are probably mediated also by nonopioid mechanisms. In rats trained to negotiate water in a straight runway, we have studied the influence on the hypodipsic effects of U50 of the selective alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist dapiprazol (DAP), which we found to inhibit U50-mediated diuresis. When given alone, DAP (3 and 6 mg/kg IP) influenced neither running for water nor water intake; neither did it prevent the suppression of water intake produced by U50 (8 mg/kg IP) across the test. However, it did antagonize the U50-mediated slowing of running for water. Alpha-1 adrenoceptors thus appear to play a role in U50's effects on diuresis and the appetitive, but not consummatory, aspects of drinking.
3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗
Behavioral theories of choice as a framework for studying drinking behavior.
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Adult↗
Circadian rhythms in drinking behavior and locomotor activity of rats are eliminated by hypothalamic lesions.
Bilateral electrolytic lesions in the suprachiasmatic nuclei permanently eliminated nocturnal and circadian rhythms in drinking behavior and locomotor activity of albino rats. The generation of 24-hr behavioral rhythms and the entrainment of these rhythms to the light-dark cycle of environmental illumination may be coordinated by neurons in the suprachiasmatic region of the rat brain. Destruction of the medial preoptic area had no effect on 24-hr drinking rhythms.
Animals↗
The effects of ibotenate lesions of the median preoptic nucleus on experimentally-induced and circadian drinking behavior in rats.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with either ibotenic acid or vehicle in the region of the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) during methoxyflurane anesthesia. Later, the rats were tested for drinking responses elicited by angiotensin II (1 and 2 mg/kg s.c.) and hypertonic saline (3 and 6% w/v s.c.). Tests were conducted at 3 different phases of a 12:12 light-dark (LD) cycle (in the middle of the light phase and in the early and midportion of the dark phase). The rats with ibotenate lesions of the MnPO drank significantly less than vehicle-injected and lesion control groups regardless of when the tests were conducted. Subsequent monitoring of the diurnal rhythm of drinking, employing electrical lickometers, detected no difference between the rhythms of 4 rats with ibotenate lesions of the MnPO who failed to drink to homeostatic challenges and 4 vehicle-injected control rats. The results indicate that ibotenic acid lesions of the MnPO block drinking behavior stimulated by angiotensin II and hypertonic saline without disrupting the entrainment or pattern of ad libitum drinking.
Angiotensin II↗
Low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) polymorphism, alcohol-drinking behavior, and chromosome alterations in peripheral lymphocytes.
Excessive drinking of alcohol is now widely known to be one of the major lifestyle choices that ca effect health. Among the various effects of alcohol drinking, cytogenetic and other genotoxic effects are of major concern from the viewpoint of prevention of alcohol-related diseases. Alcohol is first metabolized to acetaldehyde, which directly causes various types of chromosomal DNA lesions and alcohol-related diseases, and is then further detoxified to the much less toxic metabolite acetate. About 50% of Oriental people are deficient in the aldehyde-dehydrogenase 2 isozyme (ALDH2) that can most efficiently detoxify acetaldehyde. We have performed a series of experiments to investigate how the genetic deficiency in ALDH2 affects the behavioral pattern for alcohol drinking and the sensitivity of peripheral lymphocytes to the induction of chromosome alterations by exposure to alcohol and alcohol-related chemicals. We found great effects of the ALDH2 genotypes on alcohol sensitivity and alcohol-drinking behavior. We also show that lymphocytes from habitual drinkers with the deficient ALDH2 enzyme had significantly higher frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges than those from ALDH2-proficient individuals.
Adult↗
Transplantation of the fetal occipital cortex to the third ventricle of SCN-lesioned rats induces a diurnal rhythm in drinking behavior.
Fetal hypothalamic transplants which include the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), were shown previously to be capable of restoring circadian rhythmicity as manifested by both diurnal and free-running rhythms in drinking behavior in rats rendered arrhythmic by SCN lesions. The question arises as to whether the transplant must be homologous tissue or whether any other fetal brain tissue can produce similar effects. In this study rats with a lesion of the SCN and with clear loss of drinking rhythms received grafts of fetal occipital cortex placed into the third ventricle. Following the graft, animals were placed in LD conditions for 8 weeks and then in DD for another 8 weeks. The results indicate that the cortical graft induced recovery of a drinking rhythm under LD lighting conditions but that under DD the rhythm was lost again. These results suggest that non-hypothalamic tissue can mediate recovery of a diurnal rhythm but that hypothalamic tissue including the SCN is required to restore circadian function with maintenance of free-running rhythms.
Animals↗
Central serotonergic modulation of drinking behavior induced by water deprivation: effect of a serotonergic agonist (MK-212) administered intracerebroventricularly.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the participation of the serotonergic system (5-HT) in the modulation of the drinking response induced by water deprivation. Male Wistar rats implanted with a cannula in the 3rd ventricle were injected with the 5-HT1C/5-HT2 agonist 6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyl]-pyrazine (MK-212) at doses of 0.5, 5, 25, 50 and 125 nmol/2 microliters. MK-212 induced a significant reduction (P less than or equal to 0.05) in water intake over a period of 300 min. This result indicates that the central 5-HT system plays an important role, probably at the level of the periventricular hypothalamus, in the modulation of drinking behavior induced by water deprivation.
Animals↗
Central venous pressure and plasma Na concentration during drinking behavior in the dehydrated dog.
Changes in circulating blood volume, plasma Na concentration, and central venous pressure (CVP) after fluid intake were monitored continuously in water-deprived dogs. When dogs were allowed free access to fluid (tap water or 0.9% saline), rapid satiation appeared before any systemic changes in blood composition took place, and CVP increased remarkably (about 6 mmHg) in association with drinking behavior. The possible roles of CVP as a controlling factor of drinking were hypothesized.
Animals↗
Acute effect of intracerebroventricular administration of lead on the drinking behavior of rats induced by dehydration or central cholinergic and angiotensinergic stimulation.
In the present paper, the acute effect of third ventricle injections of lead acetate (5, 10, 100, 1000 ng/rat) on the drinking behavior of adult, male, Wistar rats was investigated. Lead generates a prompt and significant reduction in water intake induced by three different circumstances: dehydration (14 h of water deprivation) and after carbachol (2 micrograms/rat, ICV) or angiotensin II (10 ng/rat, ICV) administration. These results show that lead may produce very fast actions in the central nervous system and suggest that inhibition of water intake by lead may depend on impairment of central cholinergic and/or angiotensinergic functions.
Angiotensin II↗
Compulsive-like effects of repeated administration of quinpirole on drinking behavior in rats.
We have previously reported that repeated administrations of quinpirole, a D2/D3 dopamine receptor agonist, facilitate instrumental behavior in rats given the choice between operant and free access to water (contrafreeloading: CFL). The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of repeated daily administrations of quinpirole (0.5 mg/kg i.p.) on the appetitive versus the consummatory component of water-reinforced behavior, under two experimental conditions. Under one condition, the rats were given access to tap water according to an FR3 schedule of reinforcement. Under the second condition, the rats were given the choice between operant and free access to water. Five major findings were obtained. First, acutely quinpirole suppressed operant behavior and, therefore, water intake for at least 1h. Second, upon repeated administrations tolerance developed to the suppressant effect of quinpirole on instrumental behavior but only to a lesser extent to the antidipsic effect, dissociating the appetitive from the consummatory components of water-reinforced behavior. Third, in CFL conditions quinpirole induced a progressively larger preference for the operant access. Fourth, even when the rats were given the choice between free access to highly palatable saccharine (0.05 or 0.01%) solutions and operant access to tap water, quinpirole shifted the animals towards the operant access. Fifth, repeated quinpirole produced lasting consequences on drinking behavior, since after rehydration and under drug-free conditions quinpirole-pretreated rats ingested larger amounts of water than control rats. In conclusion, the repeated activation of D2/D3 receptors appears to induce the rats to perseverate in performing needless instrumental behavior.
Administration, Oral↗
Self-fulfilling prophecies: the synergistic accumulative effect of parents' beliefs on children's drinking behavior.
This research examined whether mothers' and fathers' beliefs about their children's alcohol use had cumulative self-fulfilling effects on their children's future drinking behavior. Analyses of longitudinal data acquired from 115 seventh-grade children and their mothers and fathers were consistent with synergistic accumulation effects for negative beliefs: Parents' beliefs predicted the greatest degree of confirmatory behavior from children when both mothers and fathers overestimated their children's alcohol use. Results did not support synergistic accumulation effects for positive beliefs: Children's predicted future alcohol use was similar regardless of whether one parent or both underestimated their child's alcohol use. These findings suggest that the generally small self-fulfilling effects reported in the literature may underestimate the power of negative self-fulfilling prophecies to harm targets because studies have not taken into consideration the possibility that negative self-fulfilling prophecies may be more likely than positive ones to accumulate across multiple perceivers.
Adolescent↗
Central serotonergic modulation of drinking behavior induced by angiotensin II and carbachol in normally hydrated rats: effect of intracerebroventricular injection of MK-212.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of the central serotonergic (5-HT) system in the modulation of drinking behavior induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and carbachol. Male Wistar rats implanted with a delay cannula in the 3rd ventricle were injected with the 5-HT1C/5-HT2 agonist 6-chloro-2-[1-piperazinyl]-pyrazine (MK-212) (50 nmol/2 microliters) before receiving an intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of Ang II or carbachol (100 ng/2 microliters). MK-212 induced a significant reduction in the drinking response evoked by Ang II or carbachol which was more marked in the case of the cholinergic agonist. The results obtained suggest that thirst and water intake produced by angiotensinergic or cholinergic activation are modulated by the action of 5-HT, possibly at the level of the periventricular hypothalamus.
Angiotensin II↗