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[Capillary electrophoresis and chip capillary electrophoresis of carbohydrate].

Carbohydrate has many important functions in various biologic processes. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one of the key tools of carbohydrate analysis. Chip CE is a new but efficient technique in the study of life science. Carbohydrate analysis with CE and Chip CE are reviewed. Separation strategies and detection of CE for various carbohydrates, including monosaccharides, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates are described. The application and potential ability of Chip CE in carbohydrate research are reviewed as well.

Carbohydrates↗

[Analysis of recombinant erythropoietin and its tryptic digest by capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry using capillary coated with 6,6-ionene].

The microheterogeneity of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using a capillary coated with 6,6-ionene. The applicability of a volatile electrolyte for fast analysis of tryptic fragments of rhEPO with online CE-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was investigated, resulting in a reproducible separation of eleven rhEPO tryptic fragments within 22 min under the following conditions: running buffer 300 mmol/L acetic acid-ammonium acetate (HAc-NH4Ac), pH 4.80, separation voltage -15 kV and capillary temperature 25 degrees C. The proposed method is rapid and effective, and can be used for the structural analysis of related proteins.

Electrophoresis, Capillary↗

Enantioseparation of atropisomeric 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate in capillary electrophoresis by using di- and oligosaccharides as chiral selectors: di- and oligosaccharide chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis.

Twelve different disaccharides and a series of noncyclic malto- and cello-oligosaccharides were used as chiral selectors in capillary electrophoresis (CE). Most saccharides resolved the enantiomers of atropisomeric 1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate (BDHP) depending on the type (alpha or beta) and position of the linkage between monosaccharides. The effect of chain length of malto- and cello-oligosaccharides on enantioseparation of BDHP was also investigated. The nature of cations in background electrolytes affected significantly the separation of BDHP enantiomers.

Carbohydrate Sequence↗

A low-makeup beveled tip capillary electrophoresis /electrospray ionization mass spectrometry interface for micellar electrokinetic chromatography and nonvolatile buffer capillary electrophoresis.

A robust interface has been developed for interfacing micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and nonvolatile buffer capillary electrophoresis (CE) to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The interface consists of two parallel capillaries for separation (50 microm i.d. x 155 microm o.d.) and makeup (50 microm i.d. x 155 microm o.d.) housed within a larger capillary (530 microm i.d. x 690 microm o.d.). The capillaries terminate in a single tapered tip having a beveled edge. The use of a tapered beveled edge results in a greater tip orifice diameter (75 microm) than in a previous design from our laboratory (25 microm) that used a flat tip. While maintaining a similar optimum flow rate and consequently similar sample dilution, a 75-microm beveled emitter is more rugged than a 25-microm flat tip. Furthermore, the incorporation of a sheath liquid capillary allows the compositions of the final spray solution to be controlled. The application of this novel CE/ESI-MS interface was demonstrated for MEKC using mixtures of triazines (positive ion mode) and phenols (negative ion mode). The ability to perform CE/ESI-MS using a nonvolatile buffer was demonstrated by the analysis of gangliosides with a buffer consisting of 40 mM borate and 20 mM alpha-cyclodextrin.

Journal Article↗