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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The histopathology of enterovirus infections of new-born mice.

For 32 years we have provided a routine histopathological service on animals for the Regional Virus Laboratory, Ruchill Hospital, Glasgow. This article concerns mainly experimental coxsackievirus A, coxsackievirus B and echovirus infections in new-born mice. In addition to previously reported findings, we have sometimes observed degenerative and inflammatory changes in neurons related to the Gasserian, posterior root or autonomic ganglia. Not all deposits of brown fat are simultaneously the seat of inflammatory changes; rarely, inflammation of brown fat spills over into the adjacent yellow adipose or connective tissues. Brown fat may occasionally show hyperplasia. Ballooning of the tips of small intestinal villi with interstitial oedema and/or necrosis of villous tips may indicate enanthemata associated with coxsackievirus A2,5,7,8,10,23 as well as with coxsackievirus B1 and B4 infections. Similar appearances were seldom seen with echovirus infections. Focal bone-marrow necrosis and necrosis of cartilage were associated with one coxsackievirus A10 infection, and osteitis with one coxsackievirus B3 infection. The implications of these uncommon observations for human pathology remain to be determined.

Adipose Tissue, Brown↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Enterovirus infections in Ukraine].

An analysis has been done of isolation of enteroviruses from infectious patients with various diagnoses, as well as from those persons examined on epidemiological indications, and healthy children over a period of twelve years (1980-1992). There have been determined serotypes of enteroviruses prevailing in one or another form of infection as well as in healthy (asymptomatic) carriers. Enteroviruses were shown to have a potential role in the etiology of a major portion of those medical conditions diagnosed as serous meningitis, neuroinfection, ARVI, and others.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

No evidence for persistent enterovirus infection in patients with end-stage idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Persistence of enteroviruses in heart tissue has been implicated in the etiology of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC). Therefore, we determined the prevalence of enterovirus RNA in heart tissue from patients with end-stage IDC. During heart transplantation, 287 transmural biopsy specimens were aseptically collected from the explanted hearts of 38 patients with IDC and of 39 patients with cardiac failure of known cause. A nested polymerase chain reaction with general specificity for enteroviruses was used to screen for the presence of enterovirus RNA in the heart tissue samples. No enterovirus RNA was detected in any of the 287 heart biopsy specimens. These findings lead to a conclusion that enteroviruses do not persist in heart tissue from patients with end-stage IDC, nor with other heart diseases of known cause.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Further observations on enterovirus infection in specific-pathogen-free turkey poults.

To evaluate sites of enterovirus replication and to characterize the resulting lesions, twenty 4-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkey poults were orally inoculated with an enterovirus. Twenty uninoculated SPF poults served as controls. Inoculated poults were depressed, had ruffled feathers, watery droppings, and pasted vents. Gross lesions were dilated thin-walled ceca with foamy yellow fluid. Immune electron microscopy of the gastrointestinal tract contents revealed an enterovirus with an average diameter of 23.5 nm. Immunoperoxidase and indirect immunofluorescent antibody assays revealed intracytoplasmic staining in enterocytes of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. This correlated with the scanning electron microscopy findings, which showed the most lesions in the jejunum and ileum. The ileum had prominent cell outlines because of rounded, distinct, bulging epithelial cells. Histopathology revealed slight shortening of villi and increased crypt depth in the intestines of inoculated poults. Our findings indicate that the small intestine is the site of turkey enterovirus replication, and the gross and microscopic changes observed are determined to result from viral damage to the enterocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

RNA interference against enterovirus 71 infection.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a highly infectious major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) which could lead to severe neurological complications. There is currently no effective therapy against EV71. In this study, RNA interference (RNAi) is employed as a therapeutic approach for specific viral inhibition. Various regions of the EV71 genome were targeted for inhibition by chemically synthesized siRNAs. Transfection of rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells with siRNA targeting the 3'UTR, 2C, 3C, or 3D region significantly alleviated cytopathic effects of EV71. The inhibitory effect was dosage-dependent with a corresponding decrease in viral RNA, viral proteins, and plaque formations by EV71. Viral inhibition of siRNA transfected RD cells was still evident after 48 h. In addition, no significant adverse off-target silencing effects were observed. These results demonstrated the potential and feasibility for the use of siRNA as an antiviral therapy for EV71 infections.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1994

Search for persistent enterovirus infection of muscle in inflammatory myopathies.

To investigate the hypothesis that the inflammatory muscle diseases (IMD) polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM) may be due to a chronic, persistent enterovirus (EV) infection we sought to determine the prevalence of these viruses in muscle tissue using both nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and dot-blot hybridization assays. Thirty-six frozen muscle biopsies from 32 adult cases of IMD and 42 biopsies from 36 control subjects with other neuromuscular disorders were studied. Primers for PCR were chosen to conserved regions of the 5'-untranslated region of the EV genome. Constitutive Ableson tyrosine kinase (ABL) mRNA was detected by PCR to confirm the integrity of muscle RNA extracts. The sensitivity of the EV PCR was determined to be 40-400 copies (12.5-125 ag) of synthetic EV RNA transcript against a background of 1 microgram of cellular RNA. The specificity was assessed using a range of enteroviral and unrelated viral isolates extracted from cell cultures. Of the 78 samples tested, ABL mRNA was successfully detected in all but four samples. The time the biopsies spent in ultracold storage (1-73 months) did not appear to influence the integrity of extracted RNA. When assayed for EV RNA by nested PCR, none of 29 IMD cases (i.e., 28 PM and 1 DM) nor sequential biopsies from 3 PM patients were found to be positive. All 42 control biopsies were also negative for EV RNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Use of RT-PCR and nested PCR for diagnosing enterovirus infections].

An application of reverse transcription (RT-PCR) and nested-PCR for the detection of human enteroviruses isolated in Poland is described. A specific 297-bp fragment was amplified by the method from all studied enteroviruses strains. Amplification system and the nested primers allowed to detect RNA isolated from 10(1) TCID50/ml which corresponded to one molecule of viral RNA in tested volume. However, applicability of the method for routine diagnosis of enterovirus neuro-infection should be reassessed in extensive clinical studies.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1997

Rapid diagnosis of enterovirus infection by a new one-step reverse transcription-PCR assay.

The AMPLICOR Enterovirus Test was evaluated with 103 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens. Twenty-seven CSF specimens were culture positive. With the AMPLICOR test, enterovirus RNA was detected in 34 specimens. Compared with culture, the AMPLICOR test gave a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 100%. The sensitivity of culture was 79.4% in comparison with the AMPLICOR test.

Enterovirus↗
PubMed1996

Multicenter evaluating of a commercially available PCR assay for diagnosing enterovirus infection in a panel of cerebrospinal fluid specimens.

Thirteen laboratories participated in blind tests of a panel of 20 coded cerebrospinal fluid specimens (7 uninfected samples, 3 samples infected with 1 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]/0.1 ml [nonenterovirus strains], and 10 samples infected with 10, 1, or 0.1 TCID50/0.1 ml [three different enterovirus serotypes]) on the Amplicor enterovirus PCR assay (Roche Diagnostic Systems). The panel was also evaluated by in-house PCR (two nested-PCR and three one-step PCR assay) or tissue culture (eight laboratories). The viral load was shown to influence greatly the sensitivity of the assay. The average sensitivity of the Amplicor test ranged from 67 to 98% for viral titers of 1 to 10 TCID50/0.1 ml, respectively; titers of 0.1 TCID50/0.1 ml resulted in a sensitivity of only 16%. The overall specificity of the Amplicor test was 98%. The Amplicor assay compared favorably to the five in-house PCR tests (no significant difference in either sensitivity or specificity) and was much more sensitive than tissue culture (P < 0.001), even for high viral loads. It was easy to perform, rapid (about 6 h), well-standardized, and appeared to be suitable for the diagnosis of enterovirus meningitis on a routine basis in laboratories trained in molecular biology techniques.

Base Sequence↗