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PubMed2002

Disparities in economic development in Eastern China: impact on nutritional status of adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of disparities in economic development in urban and rural Eastern China on the nutritional status of adolescents. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey consisting of self-completion questionnaires, anthropometry and haemoglobin measurement. SETTING: Twelve middle schools in an urban and a rural area of Zhejiang Province: Hangzhou, the capital, and Chunan, a poor mountainous area. SUBJECTS: Some 4835 young adolescents (predominant age range 13-16 years). RESULTS: The mean body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in urban Hangzhou (P = 0.01) Overweight affected 3.6% overall; adjusted odds ratios (ORs) showed male sex (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-3.4) and urban residence (OR 9.1, 95% CI 3.7-22) to be the most important risk factors. The prevalence of underweight was 18%, with no significant urban-rural difference. Predictors of underweight were male sex (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.1-2.0) and low household income (OR, 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.5). Mean haemoglobin was significantly lower in the rural area. Anaemia was more common in girls, 51% compared with 21% of the boys, but rural residence was not an independent risk factor. Rural students exercised more and had a less varied diet than their urban counterparts. Around one-third of the respondents consumed dietary supplements on a regular basis. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in urban areas of Eastern China a dual picture is emerging with the problems of excess (overweight and obesity) coexisting with underweight and anaemia. In rural areas the problems of relative nutritional deprivation predominate, but the long-term consequences of such marginal underweight and anaemia are not clear.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health consequences of the economic development of tropical countries].

If the usefulness of industrial development of the Third World is not really discussed, nevertheless it appears more and more necessary to evaluate carefully its advantages and disadvantages on the health status and the well being of the population concerned. Indeed, the evil consequences are well known: new outbreak of bilharziosis, malaria, onchocerciasis, but also arbovirosis, tuberculosis and S.T.D. On the other hand, we must consider the positive aspects of economic development: improvement of hygiene, constructions of health centers, increased food production. In order to minimize the drawbacks, some measures have to be taken, f.i.: to set up the sanitary files of the population to be displaced, the organization of the redwelling zones. For all these reasons, the cost evaluation must take into account the sanitary sector, keeping in mind the difficulty to appraise the consequential effects on climate and fauna.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effects of level of socio-economic development on course of non-affective psychosis.

BACKGROUND: This study explored the relation of level of socio-economic development to the course of non-affective psychosis, by extending the analysis of urban/rural differences in course in Chandigarh, India. METHOD: The proportion of 'best outcome' cases between urban (n = 110) and rural (n = 50) catchment areas were compared at two-year follow-up, separately for CATEGOS+ and non-S+ schizophrenia. RESULTS: The proportion of subjects with 'best outcome' ratings at the urban and rural sites, respectively, was similar for CATEGOS+ schizophrenia (29 v. 29%), but significantly different for non-S+ psychosis (26 v. 47%). CONCLUSIONS: The fact that in rural Chandigarh, psychoses have a more favourable course than in the urban area may be explained in large part by psychoses distinct from 'nuclear' schizophrenia.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between economic development and suicide mortality: a global cross-sectional analysis in an epidemiological transition perspective.

AIM: The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between suicide rates and economic development within the theoretical framework of epidemiological transition. RESULT: A weak positive correlation was found between suicide rates and GNP per capita in both sexes for all ages. DISCUSSION: According to previous studies, there is a clear decline in deaths due to unintentional injuries with improved economic conditions. This example of a man-made disease that declines during the fourth stage is in agreement with the theory of epidemiological transition. However, our results found the opposite pattern for deaths due to intentional self-inflicted injury. CONCLUSION: Mortality rates due to unintentional and intentional self-inflicted injury show deviating patterns from an epidemiological transition perspective.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed2004

[Economic development, inequality, and health].

The author refers to the social, economic, individual, and collective dimensions of the relationship between health and disease. He considers that individuals and populations are not equally exposed to protective and risk factors. He highlights the uneven development between nations and Brazilian regions, and communities, as well as discussing the relationship between development, wealth, health, and social justice. The article analyzes development theories and makes a distinction between economic development and growth. The concepts of development trap and social refugees are coined. The author defines a healthy community, points to the need for a shift in the current development model, and delineates the health sector's role and limitations in dealing with social inequality.

English Abstract↗