PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Erysipelothrix”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Comparison of two plating media for the isolation of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from enrichment broth culture.

Sodium azide-crystal violet-agar and a modified blood-azide (MBA)-agar were used to isolate Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae from swine tissues. There was no significant difference in the number of isolations. However, 78% of the isolants from modified blood-azide medium required only 24 hr of incubation, whereas all of the isolants obtained on sodium azide-crystal violet medium required 48 hr.

Agar↗
PubMed1986

Solubilization and characterization of surface antigenic components of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae T28.

The antigenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae T28 (serotype 2) was investigated. Antigens were solubilized from the cell surface with detergents. By means of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting it was shown that the molecular weight of the main antigenic component--a nonprotein--was 14,000 to 22,000. This major antigen was shown to be a polydisperse anionic polysaccharide located on the surface of E. rhusiopathiae. Affinity chromatography also revealed a number of immunologically active proteins with molecular weights of 78,000, 72,000, 68,000, and 48,000.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Activation of macrophages in an experimental rat model of arthritis induced by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infection.

Infection of Lewis rats with Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae represents an experimental model system of acute and chronic arthritis. We studied here the acute inflammatory phase with respect to stimulation of macrophages and lymphocytes. Intragluteal injection of viable E. rhusiopathiae (10(2) to 10(4) bacteria) rapidly induced generalized inflammation, loss of body weight, hind leg arthritis, and systemic macrophage activation within 2 to 3 days. The same symptoms could also be evoked by injection of dead E. rhusiopathiae. Ex vivo, peritoneal macrophages released large amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha on day 2 and interleukin-1 on day 3, whereas production of prostaglandin E2 was delayed to days 5 to 7 and appeared to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha synthesis. The inflammatory response and development of arthritis were strongly dependent on T lymphocytes, as evidenced by the following findings: (i) lymphocytes released lymphokines that activated macrophages to enhanced mediator release; (ii) treatment of rats with cyclosporin A reduced infection-induced macrophage activation; (iii) mitogen-stimulated thymocyte proliferation was enhanced, indicating an infection-induced maturation-differentiation process in the thymus; and (iv) in T-cell-deficient nude rats, a higher dose of bacteria was required for infection, the inflammatory response was less severe, and only mild, but not chronic, arthritis developed. Thus, an E. rhusiopathiae-induced inflammation in rats provides a useful tool to characterize activated macrophages and T lymphocytes during the development of acute arthritis and its transition into the chronic form.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a protective antigen of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a primary pathogen of swine and turkeys and sporadic cause of disease in a variety of other hosts, including humans. A genomic library of the highly virulent strain of E. rhusiopathiae E1-6P was constructed in the expression-cloning vector lambda gt11 and screened with serum from a pig convalescent from an E. rhusiopathiae experimental infection. Immunoreactive clones were screened for their ability to protectively immunized mice. Two clones, lambda gt11/ersA and lambda gt11/ersB, were obtained that protected mice against challenge with E. rhusiopathiae E1-6P. Antisera against the recombinant clones reacted with polypeptides of molecular weights 66,000, 64,000, and 43,000 in detergent-solubilized surface antigen preparations and whole-cell lysates of E. rhusiopathiae. These polypeptides were also the major antigens recognized by convalescent pig serum when reacted with the same preparations. Western immunoblot and Southern blot analysis revealed that the cloned genes and gene products were present in all of the E. rhusiopathiae strains tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of the Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae DnaK protein.

The dnaK (hsp70) gene from the facultative intracellular pathogen Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was cloned by heterologous DNA hybridization of a genomic library using the Escherichia coli dnaK gene as a probe. A 3.2-kb fragment which encoded an 1,800-bp open reading frame was recovered. The deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame shares 56% identity with the E. coli DnaK protein. Expression of the encoded protein in E. coli by using the phage T7 promoter/polymerase system resulted in accumulation of a unique 65-kDa protein. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of extracts from a recombinant E. coli strain using anti-E. coli DnaK polyclonal antibodies confirmed that the cloned gene encodes a DnaK homolog. The recombinant E. rhusiopathiae DnaK protein was purified to 80% homogeneity by ATP affinity chromatography. The purified material hydrolyzed ATP with a specific activity of 100 nmol min-1 mg of protein-1. Analysis of total protein extracts from E. rhusiopathiae indicates that DnaK is a highly expressed protein in this organism.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed1999

Immunological characterization of a protective antigen of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: identification of the region responsible for protective immunity.

The gene encoding a protective protein antigen of the gram-positive bacterium Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, an important veterinary pathogen responsible for erysipelas in swine and a variety of diseases in animals, was cloned and sequenced. The gene encodes a polypeptide of 597 amino acids plus a putative signal sequence of 29 amino acids, resulting in a mature protein with a molecular mass of 69,017 Da. Sequence analysis of the gene product revealed a C-terminal region composed of nine tandem repeats of 20 amino acids and a total sequence that is nearly identical to that of the 64-kDa cell surface protein (SpaA) of the bacterium. Because of this similarity, the protein was designated SpaA.1. In this study, we examined whether the SpaA.1 protein could induce protective antibodies and whether we could identify the region involved in protective immunity. Both the mature SpaA.1 protein and its C-terminal repeat region, but not the N-terminal segment, were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as a histidine-tagged fusion recombinant protein. Rabbit antiserum raised against the mature SpaA.1 protein passively protected mice from lethal challenge with a virulent homologous strain, Fujisawa-SmR, suggesting that protection is mediated by humoral antibodies. To determine which domain of the SpaA.1 protein is responsible for the observed protection, mice were actively immunized with either the mature SpaA. 1 protein or the C-terminal repeat region and then challenged with Fujisawa-SmR. The result showed that mice immunized with the mature SpaA.1 protein, but not the C-terminal repeat region, were protected, suggesting that the protection-eliciting epitope(s) is located within the N-terminal two-thirds of the SpaA.1 molecule. This was confirmed by passive immunization experiments in which the protective activity of rabbit antiserum, raised against mature SpaA. 1 protein, was not abolished by absorption with the purified recombinant C-terminal repeat region. In addition, antibodies specific for the C-terminal repeat region were unable to protect mice from lethal challenge. These results show that the N-terminal two-thirds of the SpaA.1 molecule may constitute a good vaccine candidate against erysipelas.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

L-form induction, morphology, and development in two related strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Two related strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, one the parent and the other an L-form revertant, were studied for their propensity or ability to produce L-forms under the influence of penicillin. The parent strain produced L-forms in nutrient solid media in an osmolarity range between 0.85 and 5.0% NaCl concentration whereas the revertant strain did so between 0.5 and 3.0% NaCl concentration. When various hyperosmolar media were tried without penicillin, recovery of L-forms from the revertant strain was optimal at a salt concentration of 2.0%, whereas the parent strain occasionally produced a few L-forms on 3.0% salt medium only. The process of penicillin-induced transformation from bacteria to L-form followed an unusual morphological sequence, beginning with beading of the bacterial body, followed by disintegration into granules from which the L-form colony derived. No large bodies were seen during the initial process of L-form induction, but they evolved later from the original granules and had the potential to reproduce L-type growth. The spontaneous development of L-forms in hyperosmolar media had a different morphological sequence starting with elongation of the bacteria into filaments which later developed polar and central dilatations from which granules and L-type growth developed. The differences in biological behavior between these related bacterial strains suggest that the revertant strain developed new properties, probably of genetic origin. Consequently, the assumption that L-forms revert to the "parent" bacteria may not always be justified. It can be made only after the biological properties of the parent and the revertant organisms have been properly identified.

Agar↗
PubMed1968

Glucose catabolism of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

The pathways of glucose catabolism in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae have been identified by the radiorespirometric technique. The radiorespirometric data showed that 96% of the glucose catabolism was via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway with the remaining 4% dissimilated by the hexose monophosphate pathway. The products of the anaerobic dissimilation of glucose were determined. Lactic acid was the major product; ethyl alcohol, acetic acid, formic acid, and carbon dioxide were formed in smaller amounts.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1987

Serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and pathogenicity of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae isolates from tonsils of apparently healthy slaughter pigs.

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from tonsils of 63 (10.5%) of 600 apparently healthy slaughter pigs in the Kanto area of Japan in February and July 1984. The isolation rate was significantly higher during July than in February. Of these 63 isolates, 34 isolates (54.0%) were serotype 7, 20 isolates (31.7%) were serotype 2, 6 isolates (9.5%) were serotype 6, and 1 isolate (1.6%) each was serotype 11, 12, or 16. All isolates of serotypes 2, 6, 11, 12, and 16 were highly virulent for mice, whereas most isolates of serotype 7 were weakly virulent. In swine, all isolates of serotype 2 were highly virulent, capable of inducing generalized urticarial lesions with depression and anorexia. On the other hand, 37 of 43 isolates of serotypes other than 2 induced no clinical signs, and the remaining 6 isolates induced local urticarial lesions at the site of inoculation in swine. The MIC of dihydrostreptomycin ranged from 1.56 to 100 micrograms/ml. All of the dihydrostreptomycin-resistant strains belonged to serotype 2. The high virulence of E. rhusiopathiae strains of serotype 2 harbored in the tonsils suggests a possible role of such strains in the cause of swine erysipelas. In contrast, members of the other nonvirulent or weakly virulent group, mainly serotype 7 strains, were considered to be resident in porcine tonsils.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Detection of coagulase activity in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Coagulase activity was detected in 99% of 225 strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. These strains included isolates from a variety of animal and environmental sources. Activity could be detected by the tube or slide technique, with the tube reactions being easier to interpret. Coagulation of rabbit and/or bovine plasma was observed, with most strains reacting in both. The activity appeared to be a common characteristic of the species and may be useful in differentiating E. rhusiopathiae from Listeria and Corynebacterium species, which fail to demonstrate the activity. There was no correlation noted between coagulase activity and the serotype, source, geographic origin, or virulence (as detected by mouse pathogenicity tests) of the isolates.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Mechanism of plasma clotting by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Experiments were performed to determine the mechanism by which Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae clots plasma. Detection of plasma-clotting activity in four strains of E. rhusiopathiae was carried out by mixing a 24-h broth culture of a tested bacterial strain with rabbit plasma (tube coagulation test). Sodium citrate, sodium oxalate, EDTA, and heparin were used as anticoagulants in preparing the rabbit plasma. E. rhusiopathiae strains clotted solely citrated plasma in 18 to 24 h. A known coagulase-positive strain of Staphylococcus aureus clotted all of the plasma preparations within 1 h. Various constituents of the organisms, such as cell-free culture filtrates, sonicated extracts, and Formalin-killed bacteria, were also checked for their ability to clot citrated plasma. No constituents of any strain of E. rhusiopathiae clotted the plasma. Only culture filtrates of S. aureus clotted the plasma under these conditions. The spectrophotometric assay demonstrated that two plasma-clotting strains of E. rhusiopathiae consumed the citrate in the plasma just before clotting. Of 301 veterinary clinical isolates of E. rhusiopathiae, 267 (88.7%) were positive in the tube coagulation test. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that plasma clotting by E. rhusiopathiae was due not to extracellular factors such as staphylocoagulase but to consumption of the citrate in the plasma.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Serotyping of 800 strains of Erysipelothrix isolated from pigs affected with erysipelas and discrimination of attenuated live vaccine strain by genotyping.

Eight hundred Erysipelothrix strains isolated between 1992 and 2002 from swine with erysipelas in Japan were serotyped. Thirty-seven, 47, 73, and 643 strains were isolated from animals with acute septicemia, urticaria, chronic endocarditis, and chronic arthritis, respectively, of which 381, 146, 254, and 19 isolates belonged to serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2b and other serotypes, respectively. All serotype 1a isolates were further examined for acriflavine resistance and their genotypes to discriminate them from the attenuated live vaccine strain, defined as serotype 1a, which is resistant to 0.02% acriflavine and which shows low levels of pathogenicity in mice. Of the serotype 1a isolates, 64.6% were acriflavine resistant, with 98.4% of these acriflavine-resistant strains having been isolated from animals with chronic arthritis. By randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, almost all the acriflavine-resistant serotype 1a strains showed the 253-bp band characteristic of vaccine strains and were easily discriminated from all 113 strains of acriflavine-sensitive serotype 1a strains from animals with acute and subacute swine erysipelas. The incidence of acriflavine-resistant strains of the distinctive RAPD type 1-2 was markedly higher than that of the other RAPD types and serotypes. RAPD type 1-2 strains also included a specific group identifiable by restriction fragment length polymorphism DNA analysis. Furthermore, the pathogenicities of 29 isolates of RAPD type 1-2 for mice were lower than those of the 21 isolates of other RAPD types. Our results indicate that RAPD type 1-2 strains are live vaccine strains and that 37% of the cases of chronic swine erysipelas detected in the past 11 years in Japan have occurred as a side effect of live vaccine use.

Acriflavine↗
PubMed1965

Two fatal cases of septicaemia due to Erysipelothrix insidiosa.

Clinical, pathological, and necropsy findings are recorded from two cases of endocarditis due to Erysipelothrix insidiosa, one in a 53-year-old grocer and the other in a 56-year-old housewife. The possible sources of infection are suggested.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed2004

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae: genetic characterization of midwest US isolates and live commercial vaccines using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

This is the first report of molecular characterization of US erysipelas field isolates and vaccine strains of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Erysipelas in pigs is mainly caused by E. rhusiopathiae serotypes 1a, 1b, and 2. In 2001, erysipelas reemerged as a clinical problem in pigs in the midwestern United States. In this work 90 erysipelas isolates (58 recent and 28 archived field isolates as well as 4 live-vaccine strains) were genetically characterized. Because of the limited availability of antiserum, 74/90 isolates (44/58 recent isolates) were serotyped. The serotype of the majority (79.6%) of the 44 recent isolates tested was determined to be 1a, 13.6% were serotype 1b, and 6.8% of recent isolates were serologically untypeable. Among all 90 isolates, 23 different PFGE patterns were identified. There were 43 isolates identified as serotype 1a with 4 genetic patterns: 38/43, 1A(I); 3/43, 1A(III); 1/43, 1B(V); and 1/43, 3B. Sixteen serotype 1b isolates had 11 unique genetic patterns: 4/16 were genotype 1B(III), 2/16 were genotype 3A(I), and 1/16 was in genotype groups 1A(V), 1A(VI), 1A(VII), 1B(I), 1B(IV), 1B(VII), 2, 4, and 5. Six genetic patterns were distinguished among the 10 serotype 2 isolates: 1A(IV) (1/10), 1A(V) (1/10), 1B(VI) (1/10), 2 (4/10), 7 (1/10), and 8 (2/8). Erysipelas vaccine strains (modified live) were similar to each other but different from current field strains, sharing 78.6% identity with the most prevalent genotype 1A(I) based on the PFGE-SmaI pattern. Compared with serotyping, PFGE genotyping is a more distinguishing technique, easy to perform and not dependent on the limited availability of antiserum.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Automated ribotyping, a rapid typing method for analysis of Erysipelothrix spp. strains.

Automated ribotyping classified 70 Erysipelothrix species strains, previously classified into 14 RAPD patterns and into 63 PFGE patterns, into 27 ribogroups. Twenty-three strains of the 70 analyzed and classified into 13 ribogroups were previously classified into six ribotypes by the traditional ribotyping method. Moreover, automated ribotyping differentiated seven strains that were not differentiated by PFGE. Therefore, automated ribotyping was more sensitive than RAPD and traditional ribotyping, and it might be a useful method for a rapid screening in epidemiological study of strains of this genus, and more accurate results can be obtained when this method is used together with PFGE.

Automation↗
PubMed1975

Erysipelothrix endocarditis.

This communication describes the second reported Australian case of erysipelothrix endocarditis; after treatment with penicillin, the patient survived. It also gives up-to-date summary and brief discussion of the literature.

Abattoirs↗