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PubMed1985

Natural family planning after pregnancy. A problem for women with previously irregular menstrual cycles.

A prospective six-year study (1975-1980) of 273 patients, monitored in the use of natural family planning (NFP), has shown that those with previously irregular menstrual cycles are disadvantaged in the subsequent use of the ovulation method after pregnancy in that they have fewer recognizable safe days and/or are more likely to have unplanned pregnancies than women who had regular cycles prior to pregnancy. Eight patients, seven nursing and one non-nursing mother, conceived during postpartum amenorrhoea. The reliability of memory in the recall of previous menstrual histories is discussed in relation to the results of an international study of menstrual cycles by the World Health Organization (WHO 1983). The relevance of prediction of menstrual events in natural family planning is also considered.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1993

Service provider attitudes toward natural family planning.

"Our study...addresses the issue of availability of NFP [natural family planning] within the established family planning provider setting--clinics and private practice.... The data for this study were gathered by means of questionnaires administered by mail to clinic administrators and service providers, OB/GYN physicians in private practice, and NFP-only providers...in Los Angeles and San Diego Counties in California.... The principal analytical goal in this research is to determine the effect that service provider attitudes may have on the availability of NFP....Our research has indicated that the single most identifiable barrier to the availability of NFP is the negative attitude of physicians toward the method, prompted by their skepticism about its use-effectiveness."

Americas↗
PubMed1991

Natural family planning use-effectiveness and continuation.

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the use-effectiveness of natural family planning. However, because of imprecise definitions of terms, these studies show noncomparable results. Special effort is required to study natural family planning use-effectiveness by the same criteria as other family planning methods.

Family Planning Services↗
PubMed1994

Health workers' guide to natural family planning.

Health workers can help couples avoid unwanted pregnancies and choose when to have a baby by teaching them how to use natural family planning (NFP). A new WHO document for health workers describes how NFP works,. how effective it is and how couples can be taught to use it. The guide deals with 4 natural methods of family planning, all of which relate to identifying just when a woman is fertile or infertile during her menstrual cycle. The rhythm method requires the woman to calculate her fertile days according to the length of her menstrual cycles; the cervical mucus method makes the same calculation according to the amount and color of mucus in the vagina; the basal body temperature method relies on recording temperature changes during the menstrual cycle; and the symptothermal method bases the calculation on cervical mucus, body temperature and other signs of fertility such as tenderness of the breasts or abdominal pain. WHO studies of NFP show that the cervical mucus method works in 97 case out of 100 where couples use the method correctly. WHO believes that NFP is suited to couples who do not wish to use other contraceptive methods for family reasons or because of religious beliefs.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1994

Interest in natural family planning among female family practice patients.

OBJECTIVE: Although modern methods of natural family planning (NFP) are effective both to avoid and to achieve pregnancy, relatively few women use these methods. It is not known whether this is due primarily to lack of interest or to other factors. We therefore explored the level of interest in NFP among female family practice patients. METHODS: We mailed information about NFP to 400 female patients between ages 21 and 42 and conducted follow-up interviews by telephone. We excluded 162 women for whom we could not obtain accurate addresses or phone numbers, 68 women we could not reach by telephone, 67 women who were not currently at risk of pregnancy, and 15 women for other reasons. Twenty-eight women refused to participate in the study. Sixty women completed telephone interviews. RESULTS: Forty-three percent of respondents (n = 60) were interested in learning more about NFP, 24% said they were likely to use NFP to avoid pregnancy, and 32% were likely to use NFP to achieve pregnancy. Younger women and women who were Christian but not Catholic and not of a major Protestant denomination were more interested in NFP. CONCLUSION: Some female family practice patients are interested in learning and using NFP.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Natural family planning.

Natural family planning includes the calendar (rhythm), basal body temperature, ovulation (mucus), and sympto-thermal methods. Reliability of such methods often is underestimated, but effectiveness of various methods has been reported. Correct understanding and use of proper techniques, primarily abstinence during fertile periods, is imperative for effectiveness. New methods being studied may heighten awareness of fertile times and shorten required periods of abstinence or use of back-up methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A comparison of methods to interpret the basal body temperature graph.

Specific criteria are given for several methods of determining the basal body temperature shift. The specific criteria selected have been coded for a uniform interpretation by computer, and interpretations have been compared for 8496 charts. Our results indicate that the method that defines the temperature shift as 0.3 degrees F or more above the running low average for at least 3 consecutive days provides the best concurrent chart interpretation method. A method that creates a smoothed curve that transects the average of all temperatures on a completed graph provides a good retrospective method for identifying the temperature shift. Both the temperature averaging technique and curve smoothing technique identified a temperature shift in more than 95% of the charts with complete temperature readings.

Adolescent↗