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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Fertility and reproduction in women working in beet growing and animal breeding (1943-1982)].

The article contains formulae for real fertility rate (RFR), functional and calendar-related pregnancy intervals. RFR is proposed as the criteria in the assessment of occupational factors' influence on the reproduction function in couples not using contraceptives. The simultaneous reproduction assessment with two indices involved (real fertility and birthrate) made it possible to evaluate the role of the occupational and social factors in human reproduction in the region. The agricultural female workers surveys showed that RFR remained stable at the time of examinations and births, taking account of the age, in women engaged in beet raising, cattle breeding and employees, who had been working in different labour conditions for 40 years. Within the same period of time, birth rates in the beet-raisers were markedly higher as compared with the employees.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fertility conditions in Gondar, northwestern Ethiopia: an appraisal of current status.

In order to study current fertility conditions, this study examines the sociocultural, economic, and demographic characteristics of 734 women aged 15-55 in the Gondar administrative region of northwestern Ethiopia. Women over age 45 in the sample were found to have, on average, 7.27 pregnancies, 0.88 abortions, 6.39 children ever-born, 1.51 child deaths, and 4.88 live offspring. The total infertility rate was 8.5 percent, and the subfertility rate was 12.7 percent. Fertility levels in the region were relatively high, compared to other developing countries. Contraceptive use was estimated at 3.6 per 1,000 women (for ages 15-49). The need for more effective family planning services is strongly indicated. The study suggests that, among other goals, policy efforts should focus on the reduction of unintended conception and unwanted fertility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Maternal mortality in New York City, 1981-1983.

The maternal mortality ratio in New York City during the 3-year period of 1981-1983 was 36.1 deaths per 100,000 live births. Eight (7%) of 120 deaths occurred more than 42 days after termination of the pregnancy. Eighteen (15%) of the cases involved white, non-Hispanic women, 66 (55%) were black, and 32 (27%) were Hispanic. Fifty-seven deaths were associated with cesarean delivery, although most of these could not be attributed to the mode of delivery. Sixty-six (55%) of the deaths were classified as direct maternal deaths. The age ranged from 16-44 years, with 83 (69%) of the women aged 20-34, 11 (9%) 19 or less, and 26 (22%) aged 35 or older. Increasing age and parity were associated with greater maternal mortality ratios. The leading causes of pregnancy-associated mortality were found to be ectopic pregnancy, pulmonary embolism, anesthetic complications, amniotic fluid embolism, intracranial hemorrhage, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy, infection, and cardiac disease. Abortion-related mortality was about nine times less than the maternal mortality ratio, and the cesarean death-to-case rates could be considered roughly comparable to overall maternal mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The contribution of previous induced abortion to tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Data from a one year prospective study of thirty-one tubal ectopic pregnancies and ninety-three matched controls is presented. Compared with the controls, a history of induced abortion, was not only statistically significantly more frequent amongst the subjects (P less than 001) but was the Penultimate cyesis in 41.9% of ectopic cases as against 3.2% of the controls (P less than 001). Non-physicians provided 51.6% and 3.3% of induced abortions in the study and control groups respectively. Complications occurred in 51.6% of study population and 6.5% of controls. It is concluded that induced abortions created the predispotion to tubal implantation in the study population and therefore a reduction in the incidence of illegally induced abortion in the community can reduce the incidence of ectopic tubal gestation and tubal infertility.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1989

[Chlamydia trachomatis in at-risk groups in legal abortion in the first trimester].

Examination for the presence of C. Trachomatis in the cervix and urethra and bacteriological examination of the cervix were performed in a material of 224 patients for legal abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Chlamydia was demonstrated in 8.9% of the patients, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.5% and, in 41%, growth of Gardnerella vaginalis predominated. It proved possible to define a group at risk for the presence of Chlamydia consisting of all the patients under the age of 25 years and nulliparae aged 25-29 years. 17% in this group had positive Chlamydia tests as compared with 1.7% in the patients in other groups. Patients in the above mentioned risk group should be examined for C. trachomatis in cases of legal termination of pregnancy so that appropriate treatment can be administered prior to evacuation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Collecting data on pregnancy loss: a review of evidence from the World Fertility Survey.

Estimates of levels and differentials of pregnancy loss are presented for 40 developing countries participating in the World Fertility Survey (WFS) program. Judged against agreed-upon levels of spontaneous loss in human populations, WFS surveys measured from 50 to 80 percent of recognizable losses. The coverage of induced abortions appears to be much worse. Consistent with data from other sources and settings, the probability of loss is strongly correlated with maternal demographic characteristics: age, pregnancy order, pregnancy spacing, and pregnancy loss history. Despite incomplete coverage, the WFS data on pregnancy loss provide considerable, and largely unexploited, insight on the dynamics of the reproductive career.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1989

[Results of a clinical trial of the Dilapan hygroscopic cervical dilator].

The authors used Dilapan to dilate the cervical canal in women with induced abortion during the first trimester. Its effect was followed up in a group of pregnant women without preceding pregnancies (88 pregnant women). The dilator remained in the cervical canal from 90 to 210 min. The best results (dilation within 9--10 min) were achieved after its stay in the cervical canal for 3 to 3 1/2 h. In the group of nulliparas dilation of 10 sm was achieved in 49.5% of the cases after stay of dilator for a period of 120 to 180 min. The authors think that the usage of Dilapan is a method by which could be achieved lowering of the frequency of cases with isthmian-cervical incompetence. Application of Dilapan is of special value in women, who have not endured preceding abortions and deliveries and are pregnant for the first time.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1989

[Headlines].

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Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal↗
PubMed1988

Induction of abortion by PGF2 alpha in the second trimester of pregnancy.

The Authors evaluate the efficacy of the intravenous infusion of PGF2 alpha in the induction of abortion in the second trimester of pregnancy with live fetus (Italian Law no. 194/1978). Abortion occurred in 3 out of 11 (27.27%) nulliparous patients, and uterine curettage was necessary in 2 cases. The interval between administration of the drug and the beginning of uterine contractions was 31.42 +/- 14.15 minutes (range 10 to 35 minutes), the duration of infusion was 7.55 +/- 3.64 hours (range 7 to 9.15 hours), the interval between initiation of infusion and delivery was 8.10 +/- 2.60 hours (range 7 to 9.45 hours), and the dose administered was 20.23 +/- 3.75 mg (range 15 to 25 mg). Side effects were reported in 10 cases (90.90%), and in 5 cases these effects were caused by interruption of infusion. Abortion occurred in 7 out of 13 pluriparous patients (53.84%), and uterine curettage was necessary in 4 cases. The interval between administration of the drug and the beginning of uterine contractions was 20 +/- 12.24 minutes (range 20 to 45 minutes), the duration of infusion was 8.26 +/- 0.9 hours (range 3.10 to 16 hours), the interval between initiation of infusion and delivery was 8.40 +/- 0.8 hours (range 3.0 to 9.6 hours), and the dose administered was 19.28 +/- 5.34 mg (range 5 to 25 mg). Side effects were reported in 11 cases (84.61%), and in 6 cases these effects were caused by interruption of infusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abortion, Therapeutic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and fertility in Paraguay, 1987.

In 1987, 38 percent of married Paraguayan women aged 15-44 were practicing contraception, with oral contraceptives being the most prevalent method. Fertility rates for the population were at corresponding levels, with an overall fertility rate of 5.4 births per woman. Fertility has not changed substantially for the nation as a whole since 1979, and contraceptive use has increased by only 6 percentage points. Findings from the present study are consistent with the lack of a public sector family planning program in the country. Pharmacies are the principal source of contraceptives in the country. Twenty-two percent of all women and one-third of married women are at risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The greatest impact on contraceptive use can be made if new and continued program efforts focus n the interior of the Oriental region of the country.

Adolescent↗