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Results for “GINGIVAL DISEASES”

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PubMed2002

Periodontal awareness and knowledge, and pattern of dental attendance among adults in Jordan.

AIMS: To provide baseline data on periodontal awareness and health knowledge, and to assess patterns of dental attendance behaviours among 20 to 60 year-old Jordanian adults. METHODS: A questionnaire incorporating items related to personal and socio-demographic data, periodontal awareness and health knowledge, and self-reported dental attendance behaviours. One-thousand questionnaires were distributed among adults attending dental clinics. RESULTS: 743 questionnaires were completed and statistically analysed. About one-quarter of adults reported 'gum bleeding' on brushing, but more subjects (40.4%) believed that they had periodontal disease. Also, 47% of the participants thought that they had a 'rough tooth surface', 16% had 'gum irritation' and 25% had 'bad breath'. There were no statistically significant differences between genders with regard to responses on periodontal awareness (P >0.05). The majority of adults incorrectly defined the meaning of dental plaque and did not know its role in the aetiology of gingival disease. Conversely, the majority of participants (60.8%) were aware that gingival bleeding upon brushing indicated the presence of periodontal disease that can be prevented by brushing and flossing (63.4%), mainly before going to bed (73.9%). The overwhelming majority of subjects (81.4%) were irregular attenders. 'Treatment not necessary' and 'cost' were found to be the common barriers for regular dental attendance. The most common treatment received by the subjects at their last visit was restorative therapy. CONCLUSION: Knowledge and awareness concerning periodontal disease is still poor in Jordan, therefore, more dental health education is needed to improve oral health.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Molecular characterization of plasminogen activators in human gingival crevicular fluid.

Plasminogen activators (PAs), a family of serine proteases, and their inhibitors (PAIs) are important in fibrinolysis, wound healing and tissue remodelling. Previous studies revealed differences in the localization of PA activity between healthy and diseased gingival tissues, suggesting that PAs and PAIs could play a part in periodontal homeostasis and disease. PAs and PAIs are synthesized by most of the cells types making up the periodontium and can be identified in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). These studies sought to characterize the molecular species of PAs and their inhibitors in GCF collected from clinically healthy sites. PA enzymatic activity in GCF samples demonstrated by fibrin zymography revealed the presence of only tissue-type PA (tPA) activity. No urokinase-type PA (uPA) enzymatic activity was detected. tPA enzymatic activity appeared predominantly as an uncomplexed 70-kDa species, although some samples contained enzyme-inhibitor complexes. Quantitation of total tPA by enzyme immunoassay showed a mean concentration of 1.6 ng/microl. Analysis of GCF samples for uPA by immunoblotting and enzyme immunoassay disclosed the presence of small amounts of uPA (0.2 ng/microl), which were present predominantly in activator-inhibitor complexes. Immunoblotting showed specific PAI-2 immunoreactivity bands in high molecular-weight complexes and low molecular-weight degradation products, but less than nanogram amounts of free PAI-2 molecules. Enzyme immunoassay revealed that PAI-2 was present in an at least a seven times greater amount than PAI-1. These observations support the hypothesis that PA-generated proteolysis and its regulation by endogenous inhibitors has a role in the diverse biochemical mechanisms underlying periodontal physiology and pathology including host-microbial interaction, polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration, turnover and migration of epithelial cells, connective tissue degradation and remodelling, fibrinolysis and wound healing.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Cyclosporin A inhibits production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases by gingival fibroblasts.

Cyclosporin A (CyA) is a potent immunosuppressor used in organ transplantation and in the management of various autoimmune diseases. Gingival overgrowth is one of the side-effects of the CyA-treatment, affecting the attached gingiva of 25-81% of treated patients. To investigate the production and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the CyA-induced gingival overgrowth, 2 well-documented models were utilized: the in vivo CyA-induced rat gingival overgrowth and primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts treated with CyA. Our results obtained from the Western blot assays demonstrated clearly that the production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 was significantly inhibited by CyA at similar concentrations found in the serum of patients undergoing CyA-treatment. Moreover, the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 was also reduced both in cultured fibroblasts and in the rat CyA-induced gingival overgrowth. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that these inhibitory effects may contribute to the extracellular matrix (ECM) components accumulation in the CyA-induced gingival overgrowth.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Interactions of Porphyromonas gingivalis with epithelial cells.

The invasion of gingival epithelial cells by certain pathogenic periodontal bacteria may account for their presence within diseased gingival tissue. To dissect the initial steps of a potential invasion pathway for the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, laboratory and clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their interactions with a human oral epithelial cell line (KB). Several P. gingivalis strains immobilized on filters could bind oral epithelial cells. Quantitative adherence assays supported these results. The invasion of epithelial cells by P. gingivalis 33277 was measured by assay and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. These preliminary results demonstrate that certain P. gingivalis strains are capable of internalization by human oral epithelial cells in vitro.

Bacterial Adhesion↗
PubMed1996

Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a racially diverse urban population.

A cross-sectional study of 117 subjects from a dental clinic serving a diverse population (i.e., Whites, African-Americans, Native-Americans, and Asians) was performed to evaluate risk indicators of periodontal disease. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque were taken at the same visit from 4 posterior sites of the most diseased sextant in each subject. Age, smoking packyears, beta-glucuronidase (beta G), neutrophil elastase (NE), myeloperoxidase (MPO), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) were significantly (p < 0.05-0.005) correlated with attachment loss. Probing depth was significantly correlated with smoking packyears, beta G, NE, MPO, F. nucleatum and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) (p < 0.05-0.005). Mean NE value of Whites was lower than the mean NE values of African-Americans, Native-Americans and Asians (p < 0.05). Whites had a lower mean beta G value compared to African Americans, and a lower mean MPO value compared to African Americans and Native Americans. The %s of patients positive for F. nucleatum, P. intermedia and Eikenella corrodens (E. corrodens) were higher in Native Americans compared to Whites. Step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed to construct models for the estimation of probing depth and attachment loss. The most parsimonious regression models which had the best R2 values included the following variables and accounted for the indicated % of variability: models 1 and 2: beta G, race, and F. nucleatum accounted for 50% of the variability in mean probing depth and 39% of the variability in a single site (first molar) for probing depth, respectively; model 3: age, beta G, and F. nucleatum accounted for 53% of the variability in mean attachment loss; model 4: age, NE, and F. nucleatum explained 35% of the variability in a single site (first molar) for attachment loss. The results suggest that age, race, smoking packyears, beta G, NE, MPO, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis and P. intermedia are risk indicators for periodontal disease in this racially diverse urban population. Regression models which include multiple variables (i.e., demographic factors, GCF enzymes and periodontopathic bacteria) can be used to estimate periodontal disease status.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Dental profile of patients with Gaucher disease.

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to determine whether patients with Gaucher disease had significant dental pathology because of abnormal bone structure, pancytopenia, and coagulation abnormalities. METHODS: Each patient received a complete oral and periodontal examination in addition to a routine hematological evaluation. RESULTS: Gaucher patients had significantly fewer carious lesions than otherwise healthy carriers. Despite prevalence of anemia, there was no increase in gingival disease; despite the high incidence of thrombocytopenia, gingival bleeding was not noted; and despite radiological evidence of bone involvement, there was no greater incidence loss of teeth or clinical tooth mobility. CONCLUSIONS: These data represent the first survey of the oral health of a large cohort of patients with Gaucher disease. It is a pilot study of a unique population and the results of the investigation are indications for further research. Based on our findings, we recommend regular oral examinations with appropriate dental treatment for patients with Gaucher disease as for other individuals. Consultation between the dentist and physician, preferably one with experience with Gaucher disease, should be considered when surgical procedures are planned.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnosis of periodontal diseases--changing concepts. A challenge for the future.

Periodontal research conducted over the last ten years has dramatically changed concepts relating to the assessment and diagnosis of periodontal diseases. These concepts have challenged the clinician to discard long accepted theories regarding the diagnosis and progression of periodontal disease transforming this area into a critical and important aspect of current periodontal research. Currently accepted theories regarding the progression of human periodontal disease (gingivitis and adult periodontitis), will be briefly reviewed, and current and potential new techniques for diagnosing periodontal disease activity will be discussed.

Diagnosis, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Leukocyte functions in 2 cases of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome.

AIM: To investigate the rôle of leukocytes in the pathogenesis of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS). METHODS: Peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), monocytes (MNs) and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were obtained from 2 cases of PLS with typical features. The chemotaxis of PMNs and MNs were evaluated using a modified Boyden chamber. The adherence of PMNs was determined by adherence of PMNs to petri dishes. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in GCF was detected by sandwich ELISA. Elastase activity in GCF was measured with a low molecular weight substrate (S-2484) specific for granulocyte elastase. RESULTS: PMNs from both patients showed depressed chemotactic response to FMLP and IL-8. Total amounts of IL-8 in GCF from the 2 patients were much higher than those of the normal controls. Elastase activity was not significantly different from that of the controls. The adherence of PMN and the chemotaxis of MN in the 2 patients were normal. CONCLUSION: The depressed chemotactic response of PMN leads to decreased recruitment of PMN and/or release of lysozyme from PMN in the diseased gingival tissue, increasing the susceptibility of PLS patients to periodontal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Diagnostic considerations concerning a case of an unusual gingivitis].

A young woman presented a severe gingivitis that wouldn't respond to antibiotics prescribed by her general practitioner. Thorough clinical examination showed atypical gingival inflammation. In such unusual cases a careful anamnesis is essential in determining appropriate continued diagnostic procedures. Eventually, acute myeloid leukaemia was diagnosed. Since the diagnosis of gingival disease primarily lies with the dentist, it is important to be able to consider any unusual aspects of gingivitis within a dental office.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Awareness of periodontal disease in a group of northern Canadian children.

Periodontal disease destroys the supporting structures of the teeth. The clinical signs start early in childhood as inflammation of the gingival tissues; if uncontrolled, it becomes the major cause of loss of teeth in adult life. The purpose of this survey was to determine the understanding that a group of 10- to 15-year-olds living in the Inuvialuit, Gwich'in, and Sahtu Districts of the Northwest Territories have regarding the recognition and prevention of periodontal-gingival disease. A total of 953 students, with a median age of 12.5 years, completed the survey. The data, which included rural and urban centers as well as rural and remote regions, were analyzed using the chi-square method. Ethnic and gender differences are reported. Results indicate that girls have a better awareness of good oral health. Non-Native children have a somewhat better understanding regarding the recognition and prevention of periodontal disease. Both Native and non-Native groups share uncertainties with respect to the rationale and reasons behind the disease process. Educators of oral health prevention should incorporate into their programs preventive measures that take into consideration Native culture and traditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Periodontal diseases, tobacco and pregnancy].

This review summarizes the impact of tobacco on the periodontium of pregnant women and the effects of periodontal diseases combined with tobacco on the pregnancy. Periodontal diseases (gingivitis and periodontitis) are gram-negative anaerobic infections. Smokers are 2-7 times more likely to develop periodontal disease than non-smokers. Tobacco, an environmental factor, undermines the host response and may facilitate the development and progression of periodontal disease. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that maternal periodontal diseases would be a risk factor of pre-term deliveries or pre-term low birth weight (PLBW). Cigarette smoking during pregnancy leads to peri-natal morbidity and mortality and it is associated with reduced birth-weight. Tobacco during pregnancy also amplifies the risk of PLBW directly and via periodontal diseases. This article highlights the etio-pathogenic interrelations between periodontal diseases and tobacco as risk factors of PLBW. The blood dissemination of periodontal bacteria and the effects of cytokines like TNF-alpha, Il-1, produced during periodontal infections could explain these obstetrical adverse events. The concept of diagnosing and treating a periodontal disease in a pregnant woman to minimizes the deleterious effects of this infection on systemic conditions represents an unprecedented challenge. Moreover, periodontist have the opportunity to take part in smoking cessation program for pregnant women.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Double blind clinical study of local immunotherapy in treatment of periodontal diseases].

During a 3 weeks period, an immunotherapy by oral route was applied in patients presenting periodontal diseases (gingivitis and chronic adult periodontitis). This study, double blindly conducted, points out a statistically significative decrease of the main clinical symptoms of periodontal diseases (bleeding, erythema, oedema, pain, suppuration, fetidness) without any other local treatment and shows the interest of such a therapy in addition to the classical local treatments applied to patients presenting periodontal diseases.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗