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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Well-developed infant with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy associated with EEG burst suppression and subcortical leukohypodensity on CT scan.

In the prediction of neurological sequelae after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in the newborn, the electroencephalogram (EEG) burst suppression pattern (BS) and subcortical leukomalacia can mean grave neurodevelopmental problems will develop. This study presents an infant with HIE associated with BS and subcortical leukohypodensity (SLH) on computed tomography scan. At first her neurodevelopmental outcome was considered poor, but unexpectedly she showed good development in 32 months follow-up. The findings of BS and SLH do not always result in a poor neurodevelopmental outcome, if the subsequent clinical state and EEG return to normal at an early stage.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed2002

Decreased interleukin-10 in tracheal aspirates from preterm infants developing chronic lung disease.

UNLABELLED: The inability to balance pulmonary injury with healing may predispose preterm infants to chronic lung disease (CLD). It is postulated that the production of interleukin (IL)-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is gestationally influenced and that CLD-prone infants may have a reduced ability to produce IL-10. METHODS: Tracheal fluid (TF) was collected at least twice weekly from 48 mechanically ventilated infants within the first 7 d of life while intubated. RESULTS: A total of 87 TF specimens were obtained. None of the 11 CLD infants (24-31 wk of gestation) had TF IL-10 levels above 4 pg/ml (0/20 TF specimens), while 14 (70%) of the 20 non-CLD preterm infants (27-36 wk of gestation) had IL-10 levels above 5 pg/ml in one or more of their TF specimens (18/48 TF specimens, p < 0.001). Only the 5 term infants who were ventilated for severe lung disease had raised IL-10 levels (17 infants, 5/19 TF specimens). IL-10 levels, if detected, (range 6-938 pg/ml) tended to be higher with increasing gestation (Spearman's rho coefficient = 0.43; p = 0.003). TF IL-10 detection was not associated with hyaline membrane disease, antenatal steroids or influenced by TF sample volume. Overall IL-8 levels were wide ranging but towards the end of week 1 the levels were significantly higher in CLD infants (CLD: median 34 184 ng/ml, preterm non-CLD: median 699 ng/ml, p < 0.001, term: 2961 ng/ml, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION: A gestationally influenced low IL-10 may predispose preterm infants to persistent pulmonary inflammation of CLD.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed2005

The discrimination of facial expressions by typically developing infants and toddlers and those experiencing early institutional care.

Early experience likely plays an important role in the development of the ability to discriminate facial expressions of emotion. We posited that compared to children reared with their biological families (n=72), abandoned children being reared in institutions (n=39) should demonstrate impairments in this ability. The visual paired comparison procedure was utilized to assess the abilities of 13- to 30-month-old children to discriminate among multiple pairs of photographs of facial expressions. Both groups exhibited a normative profile of discrimination, with no group differences evident. Such findings suggest that early institutionalization does not affect the ability of 1- to 3-year-olds to discriminate facial expressions of emotion, at least as inferred by the Visual Paired Comparison Procedure.

Child Development↗
PubMed2004

Relationship between respiratory control and feeding in the developing infant.

Simultaneous breathing and nursing from a bottle or breast requires intricate coordination of the muscles that serve both respiration and feeding. During the buccopharyngeal phase of feeding reflex input to the brainstem from the oropharynx and larynx, as well as suprabulbar and chemoreceptor areas controls the sequential activity of the muscles of deglutition. Coordinated development of buccopharyngeal functions generally occurs by 35 weeks post-conceptional age in infants, but can be disrupted by respiratory disease or neuropathology. During the oesophageal phase of feeding, the bolus of food traverses the oesophagus and lower oesophageal sphincter, whose tone is also regulated by nuclei in the brainstem and modulated by respiratory drive. Control of the lower oesophageal sphincter gradually develops postnatally in premature infants. Although symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux can be problematic for the term or preterm infant, it does not appear that reflux is a common stimulus for apnoea of prematurity.

Bottle Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Maternal psychological state and infant development with mothers under twenty: a research note.

Data were used from a longitudinal study of mothers under 20 and their firstborn children to investigate some factors possibly associated with the developmental progress of the children at 21 mths of age. Developmental progress was considered as a function of whether other adults lived with the mother and child, whether it was a dual parent household, maternal age, aspects of maternal psychological state, child gender and cooperation. Child gender and cooperation and the woman's satisfaction with motherhood were related to children's developmental progress. Possible reasons for the observed interrelationships are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Who is doing what to whom? Young infants' developing sense of social causality in animated displays.

In two different experiments a visual habituation/dishabituation procedure was used to test groups of 3-10-month-old infants for their ability to discriminate the role reversal of two abstract figures (discs of different colors) chasing each other on a computer screen. Results of the first experiment point to a reliable age effect. Only 8-10-month-old infants tended to dishabituate to a role reversal between chaser and chasee. A second experiment shows that in dishabituating to the role reversal, 8-10-month-olds do base this discrimination on relational information between the two discs and not merely on the contrast between their respective vitality or discrete dynamic. By the age of 8-10 months, infants demonstrate sensitivity to information specifying what one disc does to the other, at a distance. These findings point to important changes in perceptual-cognitive development and are discussed in the context of a well described key transition in social-cognitive development occurring at around 9 months of age.

Age Factors↗