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PubMed2000

Intelligent system for topic survey in MEDLINE by keyword recommendation and learning text characteristics.

We have implemented a system for assisting experts in selecting MEDLINE records for database construction purposes. This system has two specific features: The first is a learning mechanism which extracts characteristics in the abstracts of MEDLINE records of interest as patterns. These patterns reflect selection decisions by experts and are used for screening the records. The second is a keyword recommendation system which assists and supplements experts' knowledge in unexpected cases. Combined with a conventional keyword-based information retrieval system, this system may provide an efficient and comfortable environment for MEDLINE record selection by experts. Some computational experiments are provided to prove that this idea is useful.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1986

Microcomputer use in an oral biopsy service.

The need for rapid and accurate retrieval of the data generated by an oral biopsy service and the adjacent medical center was met with the purchase and programming of a microcomputer and hard disk drive. The planning phase involved an assessment of the needs of the department, creation of an ideal form to be displayed on the video screen that can be easily used to enter the information, selection of coding systems, and selection of compatible hardware and software. Customized in-house programming using a commercially available database management system has created an entry form and menu-driven information retrieval system tailored to the needs of the department.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2005

The oncological nurse assistant: a web-based intelligent oncological nurse advisor.

When a person gets a cancer diagnosis the need for medical guidance often appears. In Norway, one of the providers of medical guidelines is the Norwegian Cancer Association where oncological nurses assist people with a cancer diagnosis or their relatives. The nurses search through both national and internal guidebooks and web pages. The input to this process is mostly discharge letters. The whole process is time consuming. To serve more patients, PaSent, a web-based intelligent oncological nurse advisor, has been developed. Through using discharge letters as input to our neural network-based information retrieval system PaSent, we have been able to provide relevant medical information to the patient as well as to the health personnel themselves. The PaSent search method uses predefined knowledge about the context, paired with the vocabulary of the input document, to compute a relevance measure for a potential result document. The system has been validated by oncological nurses and medical doctors. In the reported experiments, the PaSent system is able to recommend literature, in the top section of the search result list, that our judges also found highly relevant.

Artificial Intelligence↗

PubMed1964

THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDLARS.

The MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System) Project grew out of the National Library of Medicine Index Mechanization Project of 1958-60, previously reported. Work on MEDLARS has been in progress for over two years, and the system should be operational at the beginning of 1964. MEDLARS is a computerized information retrieval system with three major types of products: (1) one-shot demand searches on questions of great complexity, (2) recurring bibliographies in special fields of the medical sciences, and (3) composition of a comprehensive periodical index, the Index Medicus.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1998

Information retrieval at the millenium.

Information retrieval systems were among the first medical informatics applications, yet their use has changed substantially in this decade with the growth of end-user computers and the Internet. While early challenges revolved around how to increase the amount of information available in electronic form, more recent challenges center on how to manage the growing volume. Traditional information retrieval issues--such as how to organize and index information to make it more retrievable as well as how to evaluate the effectiveness of systems--are still as pertinent as ever.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1979

A computer feedback system for clinical research.

This paper presents a computerized data base management and information retrieval system for a heroin addiction research clinic, which has potential application for any type of clinical research. It describes data input checking programs, file structures, and output programs. The system contains several interesting features: built-in feedback error detection and correction; patient month matrix formatting and data compression; and a virtual blocking system to reduce the size of the files.

Computers↗

PubMed1997

A method for representing search results in three dimensions.

This paper presents a new method for representing results of an information retrieval search in a three dimensional environment. Aside from the fact that users find 3-D interfaces visually appealing, there are strong practical reasons for developing 3-D representations of search results. Traditional information retrieval systems present results in ordered lists which are difficult to browse, and exclude useful information. The current method employs a multivariate statistical method called Local Latent Semantic Indexing (LLSI) to create meaningful local dimensions in which to view search results. A prototype Internet-ready system is described which utilizes Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) to display search results. Preliminary tests of this system with a small collection of MEDLINE articles are very encouraging.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed2002

[Laboratory information and consultation service with a ordering system].

We built a laboratory information system that does not require resident medical technologists or medical doctors. The laboratory information system used the following two methods. In the first method, the receiver of questions/complaints/consultations about laboratory tests used e-mail carried by an ordering system. In the second method, the Web utilized a laboratory test information retrieval system by intranet. As for e-mail inquirers, doctors made up 76.7%(46/60), and other types of job were office workers 11.7% (7/60), nurses 8.3%(5/60), and pharmacists 3.3%(2/60). The question(consultation) contents were test methods 30.0%, demands/complaints 28.3% for ordering, specimen saving requests 13.3%, consultations 11.7%, and other 16.7%. Since introducing this system, compared to previously telephone inquiries have by about 60% decreased, and basic questions such as reference intervals or containers have decreased even more. The system operates 24 hours a day and dose not increase the current workload, thus allowing the accumulation of a laboratory information system.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed1997

Medical knowledge overload: a disturbing trend for physicians.

The article examines responses of more than 500 physicians questioned about the time available for reading professional journals over the past 5 years as well as their utilization of information retrieval systems. It also examines physicians' perceptions of professional medical sales personnel as medical information sources.

Diffusion of Innovation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Willow: a uniform search interface.

The objective of the Willow Project is to develop a uniform search interface that allows a diverse community of users to retrieve information from heterogeneous network-based information resources. Willow separates the user interface from the database management or information retrieval system. It provides a graphic user interface to a variety of information resources residing on diverse hosts, and using different search engines and idiomatic query languages through networked-based client-server and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocols. It is based on a "database driver'' model, which allows new database hosts to be added without altering Willow itself. Willow employs a multimedia extension mechanism to launch external viewers to handle data in almost any form. Drivers are currently available for a local BRS/SEARCH system and the Z39.50 protocol. Students, faculty, clinicians, and researchers at the University of Washington are currently offered 30 local and remote databases via Willow. They conduct more than 250,000 sessions a month in libraries, medical centers and clinics, laboratories, and offices, and from home. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology is implementing Willow as its uniform search interface to Z39.50 hosts.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2007

A day in the life of PubMed: analysis of a typical day's query log.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize PubMed usage over a typical day and compare it to previous studies of user behavior on Web search engines. DESIGN: We performed a lexical and semantic analysis of 2,689,166 queries issued on PubMed over 24 consecutive hours on a typical day. MEASUREMENTS: We measured the number of queries, number of distinct users, queries per user, terms per query, common terms, Boolean operator use, common phrases, result set size, MeSH categories, used semantic measurements to group queries into sessions, and studied the addition and removal of terms from consecutive queries to gauge search strategies. RESULTS: The size of the result sets from a sample of queries showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks at approximately 3 and 100 results, suggesting that a large group of queries was tightly focused and another was broad. Like Web search engine sessions, most PubMed sessions consisted of a single query. However, PubMed queries contained more terms. CONCLUSION: PubMed's usage profile should be considered when educating users, building user interfaces, and developing future biomedical information retrieval systems.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1994

SORTEZ: a relational translator for NCBI's ASN.1 database.

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has created a database collection that includes several protein and nucleic acid sequence databases, a biosequence-specific subset of MEDLINE, as well as value-added information such as links between similar sequences. Information in the NCBI database is modeled in Abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) an Open Systems Interconnection protocol designed for the purpose of exchanging structured data between software applications rather than as a data model for database systems. While the NCBI database is distributed with an easy-to-use information retrieval system, ENTREZ, the ASN.1 data model currently lacks an ad hoc query language for general-purpose data access. For that reason, we have developed a software package, SORTEZ, that transforms the ASN.1 database (or other databases with nested data structures) to a relational data model and subsequently to a relational database management system (Sybase) where information can be accessed through the relational query language, SQL. Because the need to transform data from one data model and schema to another arises naturally in several important contexts, including efficient execution of specific applications, access to multiple databases and adaptation to database evolution this work also serves as a practical study of the issues involved in the various stages of database transformation. We show that transformation from the ASN.1 data model to a relational data model can be largely automated, but that schema transformation and data conversion require considerable domain expertise and would greatly benefit from additional support tools.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1999

Creating and indexing teaching files from free-text patient reports.

Teaching files based on real patient data can enhance the education of students, staff and other colleagues. Although information retrieval system can index free-text documents using keywords, these systems do not work well where content bearing terms (e.g., anatomy descriptions) frequently appears. This paper describes a system that uses multi-word indexing terms to provide access to free-text patient reports. The utilization of multi-word indexing allows better modeling of the content of medical reports, thus improving retrieval performance. The method used to select indexing terms as well as early evaluation of retrieval performance is discussed.

Abstracting and Indexing↗

PubMed1999

An information retrieval service to support clinical decision-making at the point of care.

The information retrieval systems currently available in general practice, such as Medline, and web search engines are passive and relatively difficult to access during consultations. Emergent technologies, including the National Electronic Library for Health, offer opportunities for more active decision support. We examine the extent to which information retrieval could support primary care consultations by examining the impact of the new technology at different stages of the consultation. We advocate a system whereby professional organisations concerned with quality of care, such as the Royal College of General Practitioners, might contribute the the process.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗

PubMed2000

What's related? Generalizing approaches to related articles in medicine.

INTRODUCTION: We did formative evaluations of several variations to the computation of related articles for non-bibliographic resources in the medical domain. METHODS: A binary model and several variations of the vector space model were used to measure similarity between documents. Two corpora were studied, using a human expert as the gold standard. RESULTS: Variations in term weights and stopword choices made little difference to performance. Performance was worse when documents were characterized by title words alone or by MeSH terms extracted from document references. DISCUSSION: Further studies are needed to evaluate these methods in medical information retrieval systems.

Algorithms↗

PubMed1998

Is there an evidence-based practice for burns?

Doubts and questions about clinical decision making need to be answered. Evidence-based medicine aims to provide answers by systematically finding information from the vast assortment of research papers in the literature and bringing it together to use in everyday practice and in the best interests of the patient. Although clinical (and experimental) studies have a variety of methodologies, ranging from small descriptive studies to large multi-centre trials all are vital in describing or posing questions about the array of responses elicited when human beings are burned and subsequently treated. When it comes to treatment (be it a drug, a dressing, an enteral feed for example) the 'gold standard' for establishing whether it is effective is the randomized controlled trial (RCT). Using contemporary information retrieval systems and the numerous establishments set up to help track down information of research in medicine relevant to health practice and policy the numbers of RCTs, systematic reviews and meta-analyses of burn care have been established. Whilst the numbers of RCTs are increasing there is little evidence that burn care is an evidence-based practice.

Bandages↗

PubMed1983

A microcomputer-based information storage and retrieval system for the maintenance of records for a culture collection.

A microcomputer-based system for the storage and retrieval of information on strains in a culture collection is described. The system was designed around commercially available software packages written for microcomputers. Two additional programs were written using the BASIC language to allow a catalogue of the culture collection to be printed in a specific format. The details of each strain in the collection were stored on a floppy disc. Details of new strains were added to this database and information relating to existing cultures was modified or, where necessary, deleted from the collection. The database can be searched to supply details of a particular culture or to identify those cultures which possess certain attributes. The records for the whole collection were sorted alphabetically by species name, and numerically by accession number, and a word-processing package was used to print a catalogue of the culture collection.

Bacteriology↗

PubMed1994

Towards new measures of information retrieval evaluation.

All of the methods currently used to assess information retrieval (IR) systems have limitations in their ability to measure how well users are able to acquire information. We utilized a new approach to assessing information obtained, based on a short-answer test given to senior medical students. Students took the ten-question test and then searched one of two IR systems on the five questions for which they were least certain of their answer Our results showed that pre-searching scores on the test were low but that searching yielded a high proportion of answers with both systems. These methods are able to measure information obtained, and will be used in subsequent studies to assess differences among IR systems.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗