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PubMedDate not supplied

The nature and effectiveness of program models for adolescents at risk of entering the formal child protection system.

This article compares rationales and outcome research for five areas of programming for adolescents: adolescent competence and skill development programs, family- and parent-focused programs, social integration programs, multiple component programs, and neighborhood transformation programs. The article examines program evidence for maltreated teens as well as teens coping with a variety of other challenges. The study uses a framework based on common developmental challenges and risk factors for adolescents to select and review programs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Comparison of a sprayable pheromone formulation and two hand-applied pheromone dispensers foruse in the integrated control of oriental fruit moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

The efficacy of integrated programs using a sprayable pheromone formulation or one of two hand-applied pheromone dispensers, and a conventional oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) control program, was compared using 4-5-ha blocks of peach orchard at three Niagara Peninsula farms during 2000-2002. In the integrated programs, chlorpyrifos and mating disruption with 3M Sprayable Pheromone, Isomate OFM Rosso, or Rak 5 hand-applied dispensers were used to control first-generation larvae, and mating disruption alone was used to control second- and third-generation larvae. In the conventional program, chlorpyrifos was used to control first-generation larvae, and pyrethroid insecticides were used to control larvae of the later generations. All programs were effective at maintaining fruit infestation by G. molesta below the industry tolerance level of 1%. An integrated program using sprayable pheromone required the use of more supplementary insecticide applications to control second- and third-generation larvae than a program using hand-applied dispensers. The elimination of insecticide sprays from integrated program blocks did not result in an increase in damage by plant bugs, Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) or by the plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Integrating Application Programs for Bioinformatics Using a Web Browser.

We have constructed a general framework for integrating application programs with control through a local Web browser. This method is based on a simple inter-process message function from an external process to application programs. Commands to a target program are prepared in a script file, which is parsed by a message dispatcher program. When it is used as a helper application to a Web browser, these messages will be sent from the browser by clicking a hyper-link in a Web document. Our framework also supports pluggable extension-modules for application programs by means of dynamic linking. A prototype system is implemented on our molecular structure-viewer program, MOSBY. It successfully featured a function to load an extension-module required for the docking study of molecular fragments from a Web page. Our simple framework facilitates the concise configuration of Web softwares without complicated knowledge on network computation and security issues. It is also applicable for a wide range of network computations processing private data using a Web browser.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1998

MoldaNet: a network distributed molecular graphics and modelling program that integrates secure signed applet and Java 3D technologies.

MoldaNet is a molecular graphics and modelling program that integrates several new Java technologies, including authentication as a Secure Signed Applet, and implementation of Java 3D classes to enable access to hardware graphics acceleration. It is the first example of a novel class of Internet-based distributed computational chemistry tool designed to eliminate the need for user pre-installation of software on their client computer other than a standard Internet browser. The creation of a properly authenticated tool using a signed digital X.509 certificate permits the user to employ MoldaNet to read and write the files to a local file store; actions that are normally disallowed in Java applets. The modularity of the Java language also allows straightforward inclusion of Java3D and Chemical Markup Language classes in MoldaNet to permit the user to filter their model into 3D model descriptors such as VRML97 or CML for saving on local disk. The implications for both distance-based training environments and chemical commerce are noted.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed2026

Digital Structured Education With Behavioral Nudge Tools for Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

BACKGROUND: Digital interventions offer scalable alternatives to traditional face-to-face diabetes education, but often face challenges related to inconsistent clinical effectiveness, and declining user engagement. However, whether a digital structured education program integrated with behavioral nudge tools can improve metabolic, behavioral, and psychological outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a digital structured education program integrated with behavioral nudge tools in improving metabolic, behavioral, and psychological outcomes among adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted in the endocrinology departments of 4 hospitals in China. Adults with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an intervention group receiving a digital structured education program integrated with behavioral nudge tools (n=146) or a control group receiving standard digital diabetes education (n=147). Assessments were conducted at baseline and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at 12 weeks, adjusted for baseline HbA1c, and study center. Secondary outcomes included fasting blood glucose (FBG), weight, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profiles, self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, and habit strength. RESULTS: Among 293 participants (mean age 49.19, SD 10.02 y), 287 (97.9%) completed follow-up. At 12 weeks, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater improvements than the control group in HbA1c (adjusted mean difference -0.38%, 95% CI -0.68% to -0.09%; P=.01), FBG (adjusted mean difference -0.75, 95% CI -1.27 to -0.44 mmol/L; P<.001), weight (adjusted mean difference -0.84, 95% CI -1.61 to -0.07 kg; P=.03), BMI (adjusted mean difference -0.38, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.11 kg/m²; P=.01), systolic blood pressure (adjusted mean difference -2.71, 95% CI -4.62 to -0.79 mm Hg; P=.01), diastolic blood pressure (adjusted mean difference -2.92, 95% CI -4.47 to -1.37 mm Hg; P<.001), and total cholesterol (adjusted mean difference -0.27, 95% CI -0.48 to -0.05 mmol/L; P=.02). The intervention was also associated with significantly greater improvements in self-management behaviors, self-efficacy, and habit strength (all P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Digital structured education integrated with behavioral nudge tools improved metabolic outcomes and strengthened psychological and behavioral determinants of self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes over a 12-week period. These findings suggest that a digital structured education program integrated with behavioral nudge tools may enhance diabetes self-management beyond standard digital diabetes education. Further studies with longer follow-up and real-world implementation are warranted to evaluate the sustainability, generalizability, and long-term clinical impact of this integrated intervention.

Humans↗

PubMed1980

Automated determination of salts in water-soluble certifiable color additives by ion chromatography.

A previously developed ion chromatographic method for the determination of salts in water-soluble certifiable color additives was automated, using a Model 12 Dionex ion chromatograph equipped with a program controller and programmable computing integrator. Programs were written for the program controller for continuous automated analysis of up to 59 samples in about 20 h, with periodic regeneration of the suppressor column and automatic shut-down. All data were processed through the integrator, programmed to give results in weight/weight percent. Recoveries were performed on 4 anions: chloride, phosphate, bromide, and sulfate. Twenty-five color additives could be analyzed by the method. Standard deviations in the determinations ranged from 0.01 to 0.16 at addition levels of 0.20-9.45% with 6 replications. Recoveries for addition levels of 0.2-5.0% with 2 replications fell within the range of 84.0-105.0%. Approximate lower limits of detection for each anion were as follows: chloride, 0.07%; phosphate, 0.10%; bromide, 0.06%; sulfate, 0.07%.

Anions↗

PubMed2004

IMGT/V-QUEST, an integrated software program for immunoglobulin and T cell receptor V-J and V-D-J rearrangement analysis.

IMGT/V-QUEST, for 'V-QUEry and STandardization', is an integrated software program which analyses the immunoglobulin (IG) and T cell receptor (TR) rearranged nucleotide sequences. The extraordinary diversity of the IG and TR repertoires (10(12) antibodies and 10(12) TR per individual) results from several mechanisms at the DNA level: the combinatorial diversity of the variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) genes, the N-diversity and, for IG, the somatic mutations. IMGT/V-QUEST identifies the V, D and J genes and alleles by alignment with the germline IG and TR gene and allele sequences of the IMGT reference directory. IMGT/V-QUEST delimits the structurally important features, frameworks and complementarity-determining regions (the last of these forming the antigen binding site), on the basis of the IMGT unique numbering. The tool localizes the somatic mutations of the IG rearranged sequences. IMGT/V-QUEST also dynamically displays a graphical two-dimensional representation, or IMGT Collier de Perles, of the IG and TR variable regions. Moreover, IMGT/V-QUEST can interact with IMGT/JunctionAnalysis for the detailed description of the V-J and V-D-J junctions, and with IMGT/PhyloGene for the construction of phylogenetic trees. IMGT/V-QUEST is currently available for human and mouse, and partly for non-human primates, sheep, chondrichthyes and teleostei. IMGT/V-QUEST is freely available at http://imgt.cines.fr.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

How evaluation findings can be integrated into program decision making.

The paper describes difficulties in integrating the findings of research and evaluation studies back into the ongoing process of decision making. The paper suggests how to present information in such a way as to improve its intellectual understandability and to decrease affective resistances to the acceptance of new information. The paper also describes common blocks that are met in the attempt to implement recommendations and describes methods to overcome them.

Affect↗

PubMed1986

[Features of the hemodynamics of myocardial infarct patients undergoing the most widely used rehabilitation programs].

Integrated body rheography, radiocardiography and radionuclide ventriculography were used to investigate hemodynamic changes in 101 myocardial infarction patients during the hospital stage of the disease. Changes in major hemodynamic parameters were demonstrated by the end of the 1st week and when walking was resumed. At the resumed-walking stage, the mechanism of declining stroke and cardiac indices was shown to depend on physical activation rates. Hemodynamic response is mostly conditioned by myocardial insufficiency when walking is resumed rapidly during the 2nd week, and by smaller venous return due to hypovolemia where it is resumed slowly during the 4th week. Expanding motion regimens at slow rates results in persistent hemodynamic disturbances in myocardial infarction patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Effectiveness of a sensory integrative therapy program for children with perceptual-motor deficits.

This study was an evaluation of the sensory integrative therapy (SIT) program (Ayres, 1972a) for children at the Christchurch Hospital. Fifty-five children were randomly assigned to the SIT program, a parallel physical education program, or to a no-treatment condition. The children were assessed before and after treatment on measures of perceptual-motor development, language and reading development, self-concept, and handwriting skills. Covariance analysis, with age and pretest scores as covariates, found no significant differences between groups on any of the measures except reading progress among those children who could already read at the beginning of the program. Children who made the least progress during therapy were those who (a) had epilepsy, (b) were from a low-income, single-parent family, or (c) had behavioral problems.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Putting struggling readers on the PHAST track: a program to integrate phonological and strategy-based remedial reading instruction and maximize outcomes.

PHAST (for Phonological and Strategy Training) is a research-based remedial reading program that attempts to capitalize upon current research on reading disabilities and their remediation. The focus of the program is on the primary obstacles to word identification learning and independent decoding that most disabled readers face and the steps necessary to help these children achieve independent reading skills. A framework of phonologically based remediation was used as a foundation upon which a set of flexible and effective word identification strategies were scaffolded in an integrated developmental sequence. The program uses a combination of direct instruction and dialogue-based metacognitive training, with the pedagogical emphasis shifting from an initial direct instruction, remedial focus to increasingly metacognitive-strategy-based methods. A continuum of intervention over 70 hours provides both (a) remediation of the basic phonological awareness and letter-sound-learning deficits of disabled readers and (b) specific training of five word identification strategies that offer different approaches to the decoding of unfamiliar words and exposure to different levels of subsyllabic segmentation. Explicit instruction in the application and monitoring of multiple word identification strategies and their application to text-reading activities continues throughout the PHAST Program. PHAST training provides the disabled reader with the opportunity to become a flexible reader who approaches new words in or out of context with multiple strategies and has the ability to evaluate the success of their application. The PHAST Program was developed following the controlled evaluation of its components in laboratory classroom settings and recent positive results from their sequential combination. PHAST represents a new integrated approach to programming in this area using instructional components that have already demonstrated their efficacy with children with severe reading disabilities.

Child↗

PubMed1984

The birth of a curriculum: utilization of the Betty Neuman Health Care Systems Model in an integrated baccalaureate program.

The authors have described the birth of an integrated baccalaureate curriculum at the University of Pittsburgh School of Nursing. The curriculum design reflects our philosophy and our conceptual framework and includes components of the Betty Neuman Health Care Systems Model. The major theoretical formulations, the vertical and horizontal strands and the constructs for categorization of stressors are also described.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2004

Full-time integrated treatment program, a new system for stroke rehabilitation in Japan: comparison with conventional rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the effectiveness of the Full-time Integrated Treatment (FIT) program that is characterized by rehabilitation 7 days/wk, encouragement of daytime activity, and enhanced communication between staff in stroke rehabilitation. DESIGN: Since our facility changed from the conventional rehabilitation system of 5 days of treatment to the FIT program in December 2000, we compared the conventional rehabilitation program with the FIT program at our hospital. The conventional treatment group and the FIT group consisted of 48 and 58 first-stroke hemiplegics, respectively. RESULTS: The motor subscore of the FIM instrument at admission and at discharge was 64.3 and 77.0 in the conventional group and 60.6 and 80.9 in the FIT group, respectively. The length of stay and efficiency of the FIM instrument were 80.0 days and 0.16 in the conventional group and 69.8 days and 0.30 in the FIT group, respectively. These differences between groups were statistically significant, with the exception of admission FIM data. CONCLUSIONS: Because the FIT program attained a higher discharge FIM level with a shorter length of stay, the FIT program was concluded to be an efficient and effective method of stroke rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2001

Identification of rice cultivars resistant to Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and their use in an integrated management program.

The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, is the most destructive insect pest of rice in the United States and is a particularly severe pest in Louisiana. The current management program for this insect in Louisiana relies heavily on insecticides, most notably the seed treatment fipronil (Icon). Diversification of the management program by incorporation of alternative strategies is needed to improve the effectiveness and long-term stability of the program. In the three experiments reported here, three components of a diversified management program for the rice water weevil in Louisiana--host plant resistance, treatment of seeds with Icon, aid the cultural practice of delayed flooding--were investigated. Comparison of the densities of weevil larvae on the roots of several commercial cultivars indicated that the long-grain cultivar 'Jefferson' was more resistant to infestation by the rice water weevil than the other cultivars. The medium-grain cultivars 'Bengal', 'Earl' and 'Mars' and the long-grain variety 'Cocodrie' were the most susceptible to infestation. Comparison of yield data from untreated plots and plots treated with Icon indicated that the long-grain cultivars Cocodrie, Lemont, and Jefferson were more tolerant of weevil injury than the other cultivars. A 2-wk delay in flooding was associated with yield benefits in plots not treated with Icon. Treatment of seeds with Icon controlled weevils in all three screening experiments. The implications of these results for the development of an integrated management program for the rice water weevil are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

The Duke University program for integrating ethics and human values into medical education.

In its second year of development, this program blends cognitive and affective approaches to integrating ethics and human values into medical education. The core of this effort is the establishment of direct and continuing relationships between the four advisory deans and their medical student advisees through small groups that continue throughout the four years of medical school. Clinical correlation seminars, lecture/discussions, the humanities, clinical clerkships, and electives are components of this integration process. Both basic science and clinical faculty members have observed positive changes in the degree and depth of participation, discussion, and interest, as well as in the general attitudes of the students.

Administrative Personnel↗

PubMed2001

Urinary schistosomiasis in southern Ghana: a logistic regression approach to data from a community-based integrated control program.

The data for this analysis are based on the schistosomiasis control project of the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana, designed to study the feasibility and effectiveness of an integrated schistosomiasis control program. It embraced chemotherapy and health education for community motivation. The study was carried out from 1993 to 1997. This paper presents observations made 24 months after intervention. Eight communities in southern Ghana were grouped into three areas. Individuals in all the areas received praziquantel after the baseline data collection in 1992-1993. Area 1 had passive while Area 3 received active health education. Area 2 received no education. Prevalence of schistosomiasis was the response variable of interest while age, sex, and area were considered as possible influencing variables. The model for the baseline data indicated no significant difference in prevalence among the three areas. The model 24 months after intervention indicated a significant difference among the three areas, suggesting a possible influence of the health education that motivated community participation in the provision of facilities for the control of schistosomiasis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Beyond a code of ethics for bioengineers: the role of ethics in an integrated compliance program.

Developing a code of ethics for biomedical engineering professionals is a very important first step in clarifying their professional obligations and in helping to establish and maintain their professional autonomy. However, it is only that--a first step. Unless ways can be found to bring the principles contained in this code to bear on the everyday decision making of these professionals, this code will have little practical influence. One effective way to bring a code of ethics to bear on decision making is to integrate it into organizational compliance programs. Such programs often have company-specific codes of ethics attached to them, and these company-specific codes can either include the principles contained in the professional code of ethics or reference the code by title. After defining what I take to be the challenge of compliance, I consider four (4) roles that codes of ethics and ethics generally can play in helping to create and sustain programs at the organizational level that integrate ethics and compliance and thereby aim to make a practical difference in the everyday decision making of bioengineering professionals. These four roles include: framing the program, grounding the standards, achieving critical distance, and creating and sustaining an ethical organizational culture.

Biomedical Engineering↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using electronic portfolios to measure student achievement and assess curricular integrity.

Successful achievement of program outcomes is the primary goal of nursing education programs. Electronic portfolios are a contemporary method by which to measure student achievement, assess curricular efficacy, and evaluate program integrity in nursing education. The authors outline the sequential process of understanding, introducing, and integrating electronic portfolios into a curriculum.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗