PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Kinesthesis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Effect of fatigue on joint position sense of the knee.

This study was designed to test position sense of the knee joint before and after fatigue in order to determine whether muscle or capsular receptors are the primary sensors for joint position sense. Reproduction of passive positioning and detection of the onset of motion (kinesthesia) were employed to measure joint position sense. Eleven subjects underwent joint position sense measurement before and after a fatigue protocol. A significant worsening of reproduction of knee joint angle after fatigue was noted (p less than 0.05). Threshold (kinesthesia) showed no statistically significant change after fatigue. A significant correlation of reproduction measurements and threshold measurements prior to fatigue (p less than 0.01) demonstrated that the same neural mechanism is applicable in the rested state, but these variables did not correlate significantly after fatigue. There was a significant correlation between reproduction measurements before and after fatigue (p = 0.018), while no correlation was seen for the pre- and postfatigue threshold measurements, suggesting a change in the neural path after fatigue. Since both tests of joint position sense are affected by fatigue, we conclude that muscle receptors are a prominent, if not primary, determinant of joint position sense, and capsular receptors may have a secondary role. Reproduction ability is decreased, presumably through the loss of efficiency of muscle receptors. The threshold data suggest a change in the mechanism of appreciation after fatigue, possibly due to increased sensitivity of capsular receptors from muscle-fatigue-induced laxity.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Analysis of sway in Parkinson's disease using a new inclinometry-based method.

In order to analyze balance control, we developed a new inclinometry-based method to provide direct information about body sway in the side-to-side and forward-backward directions. We tested the clinical utility of this method for analyzing balance in Parkinson's disease (PD), and studied the clinical correlates of the balance measures in PD. Postural sway was measured during quiet stance with eyes open and eyes closed in 28 PD patients and in 32 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Postural sway was modeled using side-to-side and forward-backward directional sway movements, sway velocity, and sway area. The amount of postural sway in the PD patients was greater than in the control subjects, the higher level being most marked in patients with severe or long-duration PD. All the side-to-side directional sway parameters were abnormal in the PD patients compared with the control subjects (P < 0.05), whereas the forward-backward directional parameters did not differentiate the two groups. The most sensitive measures of sway were path length, velocity, and area. The duration and severity of PD seem to be particularly associated with the amount of side-to-side directional postural sway. This new inclinometric method appears to be useful in quantifying postural sway and evaluating balance impairment in PD.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Impaired modulation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in Huntington's disease.

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes gaze during movement, in conjunction with other afferent information: visual, proprioceptive, and somaesthetic. The reflex can either be augmented or suppressed, depending on visual requirements, and undergoes long-term adaptation to compensate for physical changes in the subject. Importantly, over relatively short periods of time, the VOR should function consistently under the same circumstances. This study examines VOR function in patients with Huntington's disease (HD), with a view to investigating cortical influences on the reflex. Horizontal eye movements were recorded in 9 patients with HD and 7 normal subjects, using the scleral search coil technique, in response to high frequency, unpredictable head rotations imposed manually. To establish base VOR function, recordings were made in darkness, without instruction, before and after wearing x2 magnifying lenses for a period of 2 hours to adapt the reflex. Recordings were also made before adaptation, while fixating a stationary visual target (VOR augmentation), and while fixating a target moving with the head (VOR suppression). Although results suggest that the VOR is preserved in HD, with relatively normal gain values and appropriate augmentation and suppression of the reflex with visual input, patients were unable to adapt the VOR to altered visual conditions. This represents a novel finding in HD and suggests that cortical structures compromised in HD exert influences on the long-term adaptation of the VOR.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Visual kinesthesia and locomotion in Parkinson's disease.

We investigated predominance of visual control in Parkinson's disease (PD) gait regulation and whether visual kinesthesia has systematic effects on gait parameters. Effects of artificial optic flow were studied on walking velocity (WV), stride length (SL), and stride frequency (SF) during treadmill walking in PD patients and young and elderly adults. The independent variable was relative optic flow (rOF), ranging from -1 times (forward flow, i.e., in walking direction) to 3 times WV (backward flow, natural direction). All walkers were influenced similarly by rOF, inducing systematic changes of WV. Backward flow caused a decrease and forward flow an increase of WV. Without effect of rOF, PD patients on average walked at 0.89 meters per second compared to 1.31 meters per second in the age-matched healthy group. The rOF-induced mean changes of WV in all PD patients amounted to 0.45 meters per second (50.4%), with 45.1% due to changes in SL and 5.3% to SF. In the age-matched, rOF-induced WV changes reached 0.18 meters per second (13.8%), with 10.8% due to SL and 3.2% to SF. Thus, compared to the results of the age-matched group, effects of rOF in PD patients were stronger, which increased WV to a normal level by normalization of SL. Contrary to the healthy subjects, no attenuation of optic flow effects over time was observed in the PD patients. Predominance of visual control in PD gait is suggested due to deficits in proprioception compensated by visual kinesthesia, causing exaggerated reaction to visual feedback. The results extend beyond earlier findings, generally stating improvement of PD gait by presence of visual feedback but show systematic effects on gait parameters due to reweighting of visual kinesthesia.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2006

Kinesthesia is impaired in focal dystonia.

Parkinson's disease (PD) and focal dystonia (FD) are both predominantly characterized by motor symptoms. Also, recent research has shown that sensory processing is impaired in both movement disorders. FD is characterized by involuntary movements and abnormal limb postures; thus, abnormal kinesthesia could be involved in the pathogenesis. We examined passive index finger movements in patients with FD (n = 12) and PD (n = 11) and in age-matched healthy controls (n = 13). Compared to healthy controls, patients with PD and FD were significantly impaired in the correct detection of the movement direction. The perceptual thresholds for 75% correct responses of movement direction were 0.21 degrees for FD and 0.28 degrees for PD patients compared to 0.13 degrees in control subjects. Subjects with PD and FD were also significantly impaired when they had to judge consecutive amplitudes. Results of the present study point to impaired kinesthesia in FD. Defective sensory processing could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and may influence dystonic contractions.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Perception of heaviness in Parkinson's disease.

The present study investigated whether a specific aspect of proprioception, the sense of heaviness or weight is affected in PD. We determined detection thresholds for the perception of a gravito-inertial load in 10 PD patients and 11 age-matched control subjects. A gradually increasing weight was applied to the index finger by means of two slings of different width (low vs. high skin pressure). For the controls, mean detection thresholds were 31.3 g at skin high pressure and 33.0 g under low pressure. PD patients revealed significantly higher thresholds than the control group in both pressure conditions (mean high pressure,47.7 g; mean low pressure, 52.3 g; group effect, P = 0.001). Thresholds of PD patients tended to increase with disease severity as measured by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Motor score (r = 0.55) but did not correlate significantly with levodopa equivalent dosage. The results demonstrate that the perception of heaviness or weight is already affected in the early stages of PD. These findings underline the growing evidence that proprioceptive and possibly haptic dysfunction is a common feature of PD.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Interictal myoclonus with paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.

We report a new association between interictal myoclonus and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) in 2 patients. By definition, PKD is transient, but the overexcitability of the neuronal system that induces these attacks may be permanent. Interictal myoclonus could be a manifestation of permanent overexcitability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A defect of kinesthesia in Parkinson's disease.

Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) are more dependent on visual feedback during movement than are normals. Studying two-dimensional pointing movements, we recently found that PD patients undershoot targets when vision of their own moving hand is occluded but not when complete vision is provided or when the target is extinguished immediately before movement onset. In the absence of vision, information about position of the moving hand may originate from peripheral kinesthetic feedback and from corollary discharges derived from the efferent motor signal. To find out which of both mechanisms--kinesthetic feedback or corollary discharge--is defective in PD, we compared active movements with imposed movements in which the hand is passively moved by the experimenter, whereas vision of the hand was occluded under either condition. In agreement with our earlier findings, slow, active pointing movements of PD patients were hypometric. In addition, PD patients terminated passively imposed movements of comparable speed earlier than did normals, with the consequence that imposed movements were equally hypometric. Our results make it unlikely that disturbed corollary discharge is responsible for hypometria under nonvisual conditions. Instead, the data suggest that PD patients have a defect of kinesthesia in slowly executed movements.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Effects of diminished and conflicting sensory information on balance in patients with cerebellar deficits.

We studied the effects of altered sensory information on standing balance in 25 patients with cortical cerebellar atrophy (CCA), nine patients with olivoponto-cerebellar atrophy (OPCA), and 10 normal subjects. The total sway path and its components, the anteroposterior (AP) sway path and the lateral sway path, were measured under six conditions: (1) standing on a fixed platform with the eyes open and visual surroundings fixed, (2) standing on a fixed platform with the eyes closed, (3) standing on a fixed platform with the eyes open and visual surroundings AP sway referenced, (4) standing on an AP sway-referenced platform with the eyes open and visual surroundings fixed, (5) standing on an AP sway-referenced platform with the eyes closed, and (6) standing on an AP sway-referenced platform with the eyes open and visual surroundings AP sway referenced. Patients swayed more than normal subjects during normal stance (condition 1), when the visual information was absent (condition 2) or distorted (condition 3), and when the proprioceptive information from the ankles was distorted (condition 4). Patients swayed much more than normal, and most fell, when two sensory modalities were affected under condition 5 (proprioceptive information distorted and visual information absent) and condition 6 (both proprioceptive information and visual information distorted). When the patients' sway was normalized to that of the first condition, however, only their lateral sway was greater than the sway in normal subjects. Unlike in normal subjects, the patients' lateral sway varied with the AP sway to approximately the same degree in each condition for conditions 1-5. Clinical ratings of gait and balance were highly correlated with the sway measures. Quantitative testing of standing balance with altered sensory information has better sensitivity than normal stance testing.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia associated with a medullary lesion.

A 67-year-old man experienced the abrupt onset of intermittent spasms of tightening of his throat muscles and elevation of his tongue to the roof of his mouth. These were precipitated by initiating movements, either of his mouth (eating, drinking, speaking, yawning) or of his whole body (arising from bed or a chair, lifting heavy weights). Episodes occurred six to 20 times per day, lasted 10-30 s, then resolved spontaneously. Two years later, results of his general neurological examination, including speech, were normal. Several spasms were provoked by arising from a seated or supine position or by drinking. Objectively, there was a strained dysphonia accompanied by palpable hardening of the supralaryngeal muscles. Each episode resolved within 15 s. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed evidence of a remote hemorrhage in the medulla. No abnormal blood vessels were seen. Phenytoin 300 mg/day abolished the spasms within days. Decreasing the dose to 200 mg/day months later led to a partial return of symptoms. Relief has persisted for 3 years. This patient has paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia (PKD) of structures (pharynx, larynx, tongue) innervated by lower cranial motor nerves and a medullary lesion on MRI. PKD has been associated with focal lesions at all levels of the central nervous system (CNS), although never before in the medulla. PKD seems to be a nonspecific phenomenon of the CNS in reaction to injury.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Interlimb coordination deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease during the production of two-joint oscillations in the sagittal plane.

Two-limb coordination patterns involving cyclical flexion-extension movements, performed in the same or in different directions, were studied in patients with Parkinson's disease and a group of elderly subjects. The three patterns referred to the homologous (both arms or legs), homolateral (right or left arm and leg), and heterolateral (right arm and left leg or vice versa) limb segment combinations that were performed in the sagittal plane from a seated position. Findings revealed that interlimb coordination deficits were evident in patients with Parkinson's disease. Moreover, mean cycle duration and its variability were increased, particularly during the production of nonhomologous limb movements in different directions. These temporal findings suggest that movement slowness was not a primary consequence of an intrinsic inability to move the limb segments at the required speed but rather reflected an intentional strategy to cope with the complexity of the coordination pattern. Finally, movement amplitude was substantially smaller and more variable in patients with Parkinson's disease, suggestive of hypometria during the production of these cyclical tasks.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Limb-kinetic apraxia.

Five cases of limb-kinetic apraxia following primary degenerative cerebral pathology are reported. Apraxia appeared as the main symptom and was not concomitant to aphasia or to widespread cognitive impairments. Apraxia was not a consequence of elementary motor or sensory deficits, lack of coordination, or the result of the presence of rigid-akinetic symptoms. The apraxia was usually unilateral, being present in both routine activities and testing sessions and consisting of the coarse, unilateral, awkward execution of correctly planned movements. Conceptual knowledge of the movements and their ideational plan was spared. The characteristics of apraxia fit the definition of limb-kinetic apraxia originally proposed by Liepmann. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Proton MR spectroscopic findings in paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia.

Although paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) has characteristic clinical features, the pathophysiology of PKD has remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of idiopathic PKD by performing proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in five patients with idiopathic PKD. Three patients were familial and two sporadic. Single-voxel 1H-MRS was performed on a GE 1.5-T SIGNA MR system. Localized 1H-MR spectra were obtained from the basal ganglia (n = 5), thalamus (n = 3), and supplementary motor area (SMA; n = 4) using STEAM sequence (stimulated echo acquisition mode; TR = 3.0 sec, TE = 30 msec, 64 AVG, volume = 8 mL) or PRESS (point resolved spectroscopy; TR = 3.0 sec, TE = 135 msec, volume = 4 mL). Peak ratios of Cho/Cr (Cho: choline, Cr: creatine) and mI/Cr (mI: myoinositol) were decreased significantly in the unilateral basal ganglia of two patients. In one, decreased peak ratio of mI/Cr in the unilateral basal ganglia was the only abnormality. In the remaining two, there was no significant abnormality. 1H-MR spectra obtained from the thalamus and SMA were all within normal limits. In conclusion, these results suggest that underlying pathophysiological mechanism of PKD may be at least partially associated with the dysfunction of cholinergic system in the basal ganglia.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2005

What is the role of muscle receptors in proprioception?

The role of muscle afferents is discussed in terms of their contribution to kinesthesia, the senses of position and movement of the limbs. It is argued that muscle spindles are not well suited as position sensors, on several grounds. Yet we know from muscle vibration experiments that they do contribute to kinesthesia. A number of recent experiments have shown that positional information is of particular significance to the central nervous system. In other experiments it has been demonstrated that a disturbance to kinesthesia follows fatigue from exercise. Fatigue of elbow flexor muscles led subjects to make significant positional errors in a forearm matching task. The size of the errors correlated with the fall in force from fatigue. These data suggest that we derive a positional cue from the effort required to hold a limb against the force of gravity. A challenge for the future will be to reveal how the centrally derived sense of effort and peripherally derived afferent information interact to give us our kinesthetic sense.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Kinesthesia: the role of muscle receptors.

The kinesthetic sense, the sense of position and movement of our limbs, has been the subject of speculation for more than 400 years. The present-day view is that it is signaled principally by muscle spindles, with a subsidiary role played by skin and joint receptors. The problem with muscle spindles as position sensors is that they are able to generate impulses in response to muscle length changes as well as from fusimotor activity. The central nervous system must be able to distinguish between activity from the two sources. Recent observations on position sense after fatigue and during load-bearing suggest that an additional source of kinesthetic information comes from a centrally generated sensation, the sense of effort. This has consequences for kinesthesia in the presence of the force of gravity. A contribution from central feedback mechanisms to the sense of effort is relevant to certain clinical conditions.

Afferent Pathways↗