[Knowledge management with modern technologies: creating processes more effectively together].
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Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
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Results for “Knowledge Management”
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Test your knowledge: management thought.
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Educational Measurement↗
Acts and knowledge management in the NUCLEUS hospital information system.
NUCLEUS is a project completed in June 1995 in the frame of the European Community programme AIM (Advanced Informatics in Medicine). The main result of NUCLEUS is a prototype of an integrated patient dossier. Together with this patient dossier, facilities have been developed for its customisation by the various categories of end-users. A semantic model has been designed to guide and control the exploitation of data, and ensures the overall integrity of the information system.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Alzheimer's disease: current knowledge, management and research.
Alzheimer's disease is a common neurological condition, appearing as early as age 40 but increasing dramatically in incidence over age 85. Different genetic factors are at play, modified by events over a lifetime. Clinical diagnosis is possible through careful history taking with a reliable informant and a minimum number of laboratory tests. A relatively predictable natural history can be observed, with progression through stages of cognitive loss, functional impairment and behavioural disinhibition or apathy. New medications such as donepezil offer hope for improving or stabilizing symptoms. Such treatment can be administered by primary care physicians with experience in the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease. Disease stabilization, or even prevention, may be possible in the future.
Adult↗
New advances and validation of knowledge management tools for critical care using classifier techniques.
An earlier version (2.0) of the case-based reasoning (CBR) tool, called IDEAS for ICU's, allowed users to compare the ten closest matching cases to the newest patient admission, using a large database of intensive care patient records, and physician-selected matching-weights [1,2]. The new version incorporates matching-weights, which have been determined quantitatively. A faster CBR matching engine has also been incorporated into the new CBR. In a second approach, a back-propagation, feed-forward artificial neural network estimated two classes of the outcome "duration of artificial ventilation" for a subset of the database used for the CBR work. Weight-elimination was successfully applied to reduce the number of input variables and speed-up the estimation of outcomes. New experiments examined the impact of using a different number of input variables on the performance of the ANN, measured by correct classification rates (CCR) and the Average Squared Error (ASE).
Critical Care↗
Management and leadership: analysis of nurse manager's knowledge.
Nurses have assumed management positions in many health institutions. To properly accomplish the demands of this role, it is important that they be competent in both management and leadership. For appropriate performance, knowledge of management and supervision styles is a priority. Therefore, the goal of this investigation is to identify the nurse manager's knowledge regarding management and leadership. A structured questionnaire containing twenty-seven questions was applied to twelve Brazilian nurse managers of primary care center called "Family Basic Health Units". Data analysis suggested that the nurse manager lower knowledge in management and leadership is related to visionary leadership, management and leadership conceptual differences, leader's behavior, and situational leadership. And, nurse manager greater knowledge is related to power; team work, and coherence between values and attitudes.
Adult↗
A comparison of food safety knowledge among restaurant managers, by source of training and experience, in Oklahoma County, Oklahoma.
The annual incidence of illness related to food consumption continues to present a challenge to environmental health management. A significant fraction of cases have been attributed to consumption of food in restaurants, and as the number of meals eaten away from the home continues to rise, the potential for large-scale foodborne-disease outbreaks will continue to increase. Food handlers in retail establishments contribute to the incidence of foodborne disease; therefore, it is essential that workers and management staff have a thorough understanding of safe food practices. Since the training, certification, and experience of food service managers vary greatly, it is also likely that managers' knowledge base may differ. In the study reported here, restaurant managers were administered a survey designed to measure their understanding of basic food safety principles. The sources of training, certification, and experience were found to significantly affect the level of food safety knowledge; however, increased hours of training did not increase knowledge. In addition, the time lapsed since training did not significantly affect the level of knowledge.
Administrative Personnel↗
[Creation and management of organizational knowledge].
With a view to creating and establishing a sustainable position of competitive advantage, the best organizations are increasingly investing in the application of concepts such as learning, knowledge and competency. The organization's creation or acquisition of knowledge about its actions represents an intangible resource that is capable of conferring a competitive advantage upon them. This knowledge derives from interactions developed in learning processes that occur in the organizational environment. The more specific characteristics this knowledge demonstrates in relation to the organization, the more it will become the foundation of its core competencies and, consequently, an important strategic asset. This article emphasizes nurses' role in the process of knowledge management, placing them in the intersection between horizontal and vertical information levels as well as in the creation of a sustainable competitive advantage. Authors believe that this contribution may represent an opportunity for a reflection about its implications for the scenarious of health and nursing practices.
Education, Nursing↗
Beginning to manage drug discovery and development knowledge.
Knowledge management approaches and technologies are beginning to be implemented by the pharmaceutical industry in support of new drug discovery and development processes aimed at greater efficiencies and effectiveness. This trend coincides with moves to reduce paper, coordinate larger teams with more diverse skills that are distributed around the globe, and to comply with regulatory requirements for electronic submissions and the associated maintenance of electronic records. Concurrently, the available technologies have implemented web-based architectures with a greater range of collaborative tools and personalization through portal approaches. However, successful application of knowledge management methods depends on effective cultural change management, as well as proper architectural design to match the organizational and work processes within a company.
Artificial Intelligence↗
The successful manager. Using knowledge and savvy in financial management.
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Accounting↗
Cancer pain management. Improving knowledge and patient care.
OBJECTIVE: A pain management project was designed to assess the effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention for improving GPs' knowledge of cancer pain management. Two hypotheses were tested: that the intervention would influence GPs' knowledge in the area of cancer pain management; that information would be gathered to assist in the production of educational material. METHOD: The project involved assessment of GP knowledge, feedback and discussion at project officer visits, mailings and participation in developing guidelines. RESULTS: All participants who completed the second round of visits were glad they had participated in the program. A discussion of the information topics covered is included. CONCLUSION: Increasing GPs' knowledge of the management of symptoms is only one of many factors that influence their prescribing patterns. In cancer pain management lack of knowledge is a significant contributor to unnecessary patient suffering. We have been able to demonstrate the success of a multifaceted intervention in improving the knowledge of cancer pain management by GPs. Although not measured directly, it is hoped that this will lead to improved quality of life for patients cared for by these practitioners.
Australia↗
"Power quality system," a new system of quality management for globalization: towards innovation and competitive advantages.
Knowledge Management (KM) addresses the critical issues of organizational adoption, survival and competence in the face of an increasingly changing environment. KM embodies organizational processes that seek a synergistic combination of the data and information processing capabilities of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings to improve ICT In that role, knowledge management will improve quality management and avoid or minimize losses and weakness that usually come from poor performance as well as increase the competitive level of the company and its ability to survive in the global marketplace. To achieve quality, all parties including the clients, company consultants, contractors, entrepreneurs, suppliers, and the governing bodies (i.e., all involved stake-holders) need to collaborate and commit to achieving quality. The design based organizations in major business and construction companies have to be quality driven to support healthy growth in today's competitive market. In the march towards vision 2020 and globalization (i.e., the one world community) of many companies, their design based organizations need to have superior quality management and knowledge management to anticipate changes. The implementation of a quality system such as the ISO 9000 Standards, Total Quality Management, or Quality Function Deployment (QFD) focuses the company's resources towards achieving faster and better results in the global market with less cost. To anticipate the needs of the marketplace and clients as the world and technology change, a new system, which we call Power Quality System (PQS), has been designed. PQS is a combination of information and communication technologies (ICT) and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings to meet the challenges of the new world business and to develop high quality products.
Benchmarking↗
The socio-organizational age of artificial intelligence in medicine.
The increasing pressure on Health Care Organizations (HCOs) to ensure efficiency and cost-effectiveness, balancing quality of care and cost containment, will drive them towards a more effective management of medical knowledge derived from research findings. The relation between science and health services has until recently been too casual. The primary job of medical research has been to understand the mechanisms of disease and produce new treatments, not to worry about the effectiveness of the new treatments or their implementation. As a result many new treatments have taken years to become part of routine practice, ineffective treatments have been widely used, and medicine has been opinion rather than evidence based. This results in suboptimal care for patients. Knowledge management technology may provide effective approaches in speeding up the diffusion of innovative medical procedures whose clinical effectiveness have been proved: the most interesting one is represented by computer-based utilization of evidence-based clinical guidelines. As researchers in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (AIM), we are committed to foster the strategic transition from opinion to evidence-based decision making. Reviews of the effectiveness of various methods of guideline dissemination show that the most predictable impact is achieved when the guideline is made accessible through computer-based and patient specific reminders that are integrated into the clinician's workflow. However, the traditional single doctor-patient relationship is being replaced by one in which the patient is managed by a team of health care professionals, each specializing in one aspect of care. Such shared care depends critically on the ability to share patient-specific information and medical knowledge easily among them. Strategically there is a need to take a more clinical process view of health care delivery and to identify the appropriate organizational and information infrastructures to support this process. Thus, the great challenge for AIM researchers is to exploit the astonishing capabilities of new technologies to disseminate their tools to benefit HCOs by assuring the conditions of knowledge management and organizational learning at the fullest extent possible. To achieve such a strategic goal, a guideline can be viewed as a model of the care process. It must be combined with an organization model of the specific HCO to build patient careflow management systems. Artificial intelligence can be extensively used to design innovative tools to support all the development stages of those systems. However, exploiting the knowledge represented in a guideline to build them requires to extend today's workflow technology by solving some challenging problems.
Artificial Intelligence↗
Anogenital human papillomavirus infection. Changes in understanding and management.
Knowledge of the natural history and clinical management of anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is changing rapidly. Consequently, it is important for family physicians to keep current. This article updates the epidemiology, detection, and treatment of HPV-related disease and discusses commonly confused conditions and answers to patients' questions.
Anus Diseases↗
A knowledge management-based intranet: asset or EBM liability?
This paper summarises the presentation given at the British Computer Society Primary Health Care Specialist Group annual conference 2004. It outlines the four years of experience gained in implementing a knowledge management-based intranet across a local health community. Consideration is given to definitions of knowledge management and evidence-based medicine. The paper outlines the potential impacts and actual results over the four-year period, with reference to the wider issues involved.
Computer Communication Networks↗
Developing the KAMA instrument (knowledge and management of abuse).
OBJECTIVE: to develop and validate an instrument which measures applied knowledge and practice regarding identification and management of potentially abusive situations in staff who work with older vulnerable inpatients. One of the anticipated uses will be to measure any change produced by attending an educational intervention designed to improve management of abuse. A vignette-based instrument was chosen to measure applied knowledge and practice over other methods of assessments which were felt not to be practical or provide too much cueing for the volunteering staff. METHOD: a parallel form vignette-based instrument was developed so that not only baseline knowledge but also change in knowledge could be measured. Abusive scenarios were adapted from researchers' clinical practice and from the literature. Advice from senior nurses about the suitability of the vignettes for ward and community based staff was obtained and the instrument was piloted. Staff working with older people and employed by health or social services working in inner London completed the questionnaire. RESULTS: 79 (92%) of the eligible staff took part in this study. All completed the instrument. Version A of the Knowledge and Management instrument was answered by 39 staff, whilst 40 answered version B. The proportion of qualified and unqualified staff as well as the proportion employed by health or social services was similar for each parallel version of the instrument. The measure of internal consistency Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 for version A and 0.79 for version B. Parallel form reliability coefficient was calculated as 0.82, indicating that the two versions of the Knowledge and Management instrument perform similarly. Measures for concurrent validity according to years of experience and professional education also proved significant. Inter-rater reliability was calculated at 0.98 (P=0.01). Test-retest reliability at 0.69 (P=0.01) indicated that the instrument is stable yet sensitive to change. CONCLUSION: this instrument is a valid assessment tool that can be used to identify gaps in applied knowledge and management in potentially abusive situations in older people and allow knowledge in this field to be built on.
Attitude↗
Cerebral metabolic management.
Knowledge of cerebral metabolic variables increases the information available for managing the head-injured patient. This article reviews normal cerebral metabolism and describes the derangement of metabolism observed in patients with head trauma. Cerebral metabolism is globally decreased by one third to one half in the severely head-injured patient, usually because of the lower metabolic expenditure associated with coma, but sometimes because of superimposed hypoxia/ischemia, primarily due to secondary insults. Measurement of jugular venous oxygen saturation has become the most useful method for monitoring cerebral metabolism in the ICU. Although jugular venous oxygen saturation does not provide quantitative information about either cerebral blood flow or cerebral metabolism, it reflects the ratio between these two variables. To maintain a sufficient level of available oxygen and energy production at the cellular level, there are two therapeutic strategies: a) hemodynamic and b) metabolic. Treatments can be directed at both increasing oxygen delivery and integrating hemodynamic handling, and at various pharmacologic or physical methods intended to reduce the cerebral metabolic demand. The latter strategy is designed to depress either the basal or activation components of cerebral metabolism. This strategy includes manipulations of brain temperature and the use of central nervous system-depressant, barbiturate, and similar drugs.
Blood Gas Analysis↗
Measuring the strategic readiness of intangible assets.
Measuring the value of intangible assets such as company culture, knowledge management systems, and employees' skills is the holy grail of accounting. Executives know that these intangibles, being hard to imitate, are powerful sources of sustainable competitive advantage. If managers could measure them, they could manage the company's competitive position more easily and accurately. In one sense, the challenge is impossible. Intangible assets are unlike financial and physical resources in that their value depends on how well they serve the organizations that own them. But while this prevents an independent valuation of intangible assets, it also points to an altogether different approach for assessing their worth. In this article, the creators of the Balanced Scorecard draw on its tools and framework--in particular, a tool called the strategy map--to present a step-by-step way to determine "strategic readiness," which refers to the alignment of an organization's human, information, and organization capital with its strategy. In the method the authors describe, the firm identifies the processes most critical to creating and delivering its value proposition and determines the human, information, and organization capital the processes require. Some managers shy away from measuring intangible assets because they seem so subjective. But by using the systematic approaches set out in this article, companies can now measure what they want, rather than wanting only what they can currently measure.
Accounting↗