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PubMed1975

Detection and treatment of hypertension at the work site.

A program linking detection to treatment was designed to improve blood-pressure control among adults with asymptomatic, uncomplicated hypertension. Key elements of this program were provision of all diagnostic and therapeutic services at work site, integration of delivery system with the administration of a labor union, adherence to rigid protocol, and continuous patient surveillance by nurses and paraprofessionals. At the first program site, Gimbels's principal New York City department store, 84 per cent of 1850 employees were screened, and 65 per cent of 186 with confirmed hypertension elected the treatment program. Of the 94 patients followed for one year, 97 per cent remained under therapy, with no untoward effect, and 81 per cent of patients had satisfactory blood-pressure reduction. This approach appears to be a safe, effective, and acceptable method for hypertension control in large numbers of patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Estimation with the capture-recapture method of the number of economic immigrants in Mallorca].

AIM: estimate the number of irregular economic immigrants in Mallorca. DESIGN: We used the capture-recapture method, an indirect method based on contrasts of data from two or more sources. Data were obtained from the Delegación de Gobierno (police and immigration authority), Comisiones Obreras (labor union), and institutions that provide health-related services to immigrants. Individuals were identified by birth date and country of origin. RESULTS: The total number of economic immigrants estimated with this method was 39 392. According to the Delegación de Gobierno data, the number of regular immigrants on the date of our inquiry was 9000. With the capture-recapture method, the number of irregular immigrants in Mallorca was therefore estimated at 30 000. CONCLUSIONS: The capture-recapture method can be useful to estimate the population of irregular immigrants in a given area at a given time, if sufficiently precise information on the identity of each individual can be obtained.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Breast cancer risk in Hispanic agricultural workers in California.

In a registry-based case-control study of breast cancer in farm labor union members in California, 128 breast cancer (BC) cases newly diagnosed in 1988--2001 and 640 cancer-free controls were investigated. Stage and grade of disease at diagnosis were about the same as in the California Hispanic population. Risk of breast cancer was not associated with work with any specific crops or commodities except mushrooms, where the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 6.00 (95% CI 2.01-18.0). Controlling for covariates, adjusted ORs (and 95% CIs) for breast cancer in quartiles of pesticide use were 1.00, 1.30 (0.73-2.30), 1.23 (0.67-2.27), and 1.41 (0.66-3.02). Chlordane, malathion, and 2,4-D were associated with increased risk. Risk associated with chemical use was stronger in younger women, those with early-onset breast cancer, and those diagnosed earlier (1988--1994).

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Physician unionization in the United States: fad or phenomenon?

This article explores the current trends and issues surrounding physician unionization in the United States, using data from secondary sources and nine interviews with leaders of organizations at the forefront of physician unionizing efforts. Several key points are supported by these data and prior unionization research. First, unions should become a viable organizing alternative for the almost 50% of doctors who are salaried employees because of fewer legal barriers to collective representation, the involvement of national labor unions with resources to spend on organizing, more physicians belonging to demographic groups less hostile to organized labor. and work-related pressures faced by physician-employee under managed care. A second key point is that unions will find it difficult to represent self-employed physicians because of the influence of organized medicine and legal barriers to gaining collective bargaining rights for this group. This discussion is intended to raise awareness of the physician union issue among health care policy-makers and researchers.

American Medical Association↗
PubMed2001

Organized labor, public health, and tobacco control policy: a dialogue toward action.

An action-oriented conference, Organized Labor, Public Health, and Tobacco Control Policy, was held in September 2000 in Boston, Massachusetts. Labor union leaders, tobacco control and public health activists, researchers, and practitioners met for two days to: 1) learn about existing labor-based tobacco control initiatives; 2) educate one another about resources, barriers, and opportunities for labor-public health joint action on tobacco policy; 3) and identify where agendas overlap and form the basis for specific next steps in collaborative efforts in tobacco-related research, training, and advocacy. This report summarizes presentations and participant discussions to inform readers of the information exchanged and of the enthusiasm shared by conference participants translated into a set of joint recommendations for increased labor-based and joint labor-public health action to reduce the burden of tobacco on working people.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Collective bargaining for allied health professionals.

With the advent of union organizing drives in the nation's health care facilities, collective bargaining has become an integral part of this profession. This article defines three issues critical to collective bargaining in the allied health professions. The first is the professionalization and sociological attitudinal debate between labor unions and professional associations. Conflicts between professionalism and unionization are discussed with emphasis on self-regulation, the union's leveling process, governance, and the issue of dual allegiance. The second issue is the legal environment surrounding health care collective bargaining. Jurisdictional issues and applicable laws therein are examined, and the role of the NLRB and its guidelines and pertinent court cases are discussed. Third, the article examines labor-management relations within the context of the need for substantial alteration and modification of classical industrial relations models that have been superimposed onto health care facilities.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2001

A help or a hindrance? The impact of job training on the employment status of disadvantaged women.

The objective of this study is to evaluate whether welfare-sponsored, government-funded job training helps participants improve their employment status. The negligible effects found in prior studies may be due to design limitations or inherent flaws in job training programs and therefore do not necessarily contradict human capital theory. The present study uses longitudinal and representative data, dynamic modeling techniques, an appropriate counterfactual, and important contextual variables to assess the likelihood of obtaining employment for job training participants and nonparticipants. It also describes the types of jobs women obtain by examining wages, industry, occupation, and labor union membership. Whereas some of the results support prior research, the focus is on the unique contributions of this study, which include a differential training effect for full- and part-time workers and a detailed analysis of macro-structural variables, which are rarely included in studies of labor supply.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ethics in occupational health].

The author considers the doctor-patient relationship according to modern ethic concepts. He underscores the total respect owed to his individuality, providing him with all the data available on his health, so he may use it at his discretion. Next, he presents the concept of occupational health, pointing out its multiprofessional and multidisciplinary character, and specifying its level of activity (factory, labor union, government departments, etc.). He then details the extraordinary divergence of interests between the employer and the factory employee which often places the factory doctor, at least as viewed by workers, as an employer's accomplice. He stresses the importance of existing legal instruments, such as the Federal Constitution, the Labor Act, and the Medical Ethics Code as being ideologically progressive. However, he also points out the difficulties faced for an effective performance.

Brazil↗
PubMed2001

Robbers aboard: workplace violence and (in)security in public transport in Salvador, Brazil.

This paper examines the impact of violent crime on the working conditions, health, and security of bus drivers and bus conducters in the public transport system of Salvador, Brazil. The research included in-depth extensive interviews with workers, labor union officials, users, managers, and police. The typical social profile of offenders is as poor, unemployed youths, mostly without criminal records, seeking easy money mainly for leisure pursuits. Takes are minimal. We observed a pattern of bus robbery as a psychological power-game which for the bus workers, apart from physical injuries and fatalities, generates fear, identity conflicts, tense relations with users, and labor conflicts regarding the recuperation of stolen fares and worker and user security issues. We outline and evaluate the efficiency of security measures, including the use of lethal force by police.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Judgment, 22 January 1987.

The Italian Constitutional Court held that a law prohibiting employers from discriminating on the basis of sex could be invoked against an employer when a third party causes the employer to dismiss a female employee because of her sex, even though this discriminatory motive on the part of the third party is unknown to the employer. It also held that Article 18 of Law No. 300/70, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of politics, religion, or participation in a labor union, should be read in connection with other statutes and interpreted as prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sex.

Developed Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Robbers on board: exposure to violence, insecurity, and other health hazards among mass transportation workers and passengers in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil].

This paper examines the impact of violent crime on working conditions, health, and security for bus drivers and ticket takers in the mass transportation system in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. The research included 195 interviews with workers, labor union officials, passengers, management, and police. In the last ten years there have been 20,572 robberies in a fleet of 2,400 buses operated by 10,151 workers, with 67 deaths and more than US$500,000 in company losses. Perpetrators are typically poor, unemployed youths, the majority of whom first offenders, seeking easy money primarily for leisure pursuits. The average "take" from such robberies is minimal. The authors observed a pattern of bus robberies as a psychological power game which, for bus workers, apart from physical injuries and fatalities, generates fear, identity conflicts, tense relations with passengers, and labor conflicts involving the recovery of stolen fares and worker and passenger security issues. The article also outlines and evaluates the efficiency of security measures including the use of lethal force by police.

Brazil↗