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PubMed1998

[Pica in Germany--amylophagia as the etiology of iron deficiency anemia].

Pica (pica = magpie) is an eating disorder that is manifested by a craving for oral ingestion of a given substance that is unusual in kind (nonfood items) or quantity (food items). Pica has been described as a world wide phenomenon, but there are more frequent occurrences of selected substances among selected groups--especially young children and black pregnant and nonpregnant women in the southern part of the USA. In Central Europe and Germany this syndrome has not been described in the moderne literature. For this reason, we report a case of pica for starch associated with severe iron deficiency anemia in Germany. Iron deficiency anemia and--less often-potassium and zinc deficiency are the main complications of an excessive starch or clay ingestion, followed by gastrointestinal obstructions due to gastroliths or impaction. Additionally, naphtalene poisoning (in pica for toilet air-freshener blocks), phosphorus poisoning (in matches pica), mercury poisoning (in paper pica), and lead poisoning (in dried paint pica) have been described.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Mandibular first and second molar. The variability of roots and root canal system.

The root and canal anatomy of mandibular first and second molars has normally recurring features, as well as a great number of atypias. Normally mandibular first and second molars have two roots, one is mesial and the other is distal, and at least three main canals. The roots of the second molar can change from one to three, the first molar can have also four roots; the canals can change from three to even six. The conventional root canal anatomy indicates the location of the initial access. The knowledge of both the normal and abnormal anatomy of molars shows the parameters under which root canal therapy is to be executed and can directly modify the probability of success. This is the reason why endodontists must be familiar with all abnormalities as well as their percentage. We present a review of the modern literature about the event of aberrances with references to the number and morphology in mandibular first and second molar root and root canals.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗
PubMed2002

Traditional versus modern anticoagulant strategies: summary of the literature.

Traditional and modern anticoagulant therapies for the management, prophylaxis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and key findings of primary studies are summarized. Significant advances have been made during the past decade in the prevention and treatment of VTE and the treatment of ACS. Numerous trials have demonstrated that low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are at least as effective as and have challenged unfractionated heparins (UFHs) as the standard of care for the treatment of VTE and ACS. For VTE, a number of new antithrombotic agents have been developed and are currently under development, including oral direct thrombin inhibitors and synthetic pentasaccharides, such as fondaparinux, in addition to LMWHs. For ACS, various new treatment modalities, such as the broader use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and stents, are available, in addition to new pharmacologic agents, such as glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors and innovative thrombolytics. Most of these agents and treatment modalities require the use of an anticoagulant as adjuvant therapy. Evidence suggests that LMWHs can be used safely and, in addition to being more practical, have been shown to improve outcomes compared with traditional anticoagulants in certain patient populations. LMWHs demonstrate superior clinical outcomes over traditional anticoagulants for VTE prophylaxis and treatment and ACS treatment. Primary studies of new agents, including oral direct thrombin inhibitors and synthetic pentasaccharides for the treatment of ACS are promising; however, more data are needed on their safety and efficacy.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2005

Restoring dentate appearance: a literature review for modern complete denture esthetics.

Despite the fact that solutions to functional and comfort problems are often available, successfully restoring the appearance of an edentulous patient remains a challenge. This review of the literature demonstrates the limited amount of useful evidence-based information available for restoration of dentate appearance in edentulous individuals. The English language peer-reviewed literature from 1880 to the present was reviewed. Articles were identified through previous literature reviews, an extensive hand search, and a search of MEDLINE using the key words esthetics and denture esthetics. Three main areas of information were found: published guidelines for achieving natural appearance, patient preference studies, and studies that have collected and analyzed anatomic norms.

Denture Design↗
PubMed1960

Science fiction.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

A survey of toxic plants on the market in the district of Bamako, Mali: traditional knowledge compared with a literature search of modern pharmacology and toxicology.

In Mali, the empirical knowledge on plant medicine is held by traditional practioners. Scientific studies have been carried on some plants and they have confirmed their local uses, but few data are available on the toxicity of Malian medicinal plants. In the present work, we record the toxic plants used as medicines in the Bamako district, Mali, with the aim to evaluate the knowledge of traditional healers and herbalists on the toxicity of the plant used. A survey was carried out on the market places in the Bamako district and 106 healers and herbalists were interviewed. A survey of the scientific literature was conducted to verify or sustain the claimed toxicological data. Nineteen plants are arranged according to their frequency of quotation based on the questionnaire. The information includes the botanical name, literature survey on the pharmacology of the plants, the healers' knowledge on plant toxicity and its prevention by some of the healers.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2006

Insights about children for parents from eminent writers: from Dante and Castiglione to Mark Twain and Bertrand Russell.

Behavioral science and literature have had a long and complex relationship with each other, sometimes differing and sometimes similar in ways of portraying human development. In the ancient world nature seems to have been the dominant explanation of human variations in both science and literature. That speculative philosophical view persisted into the late Middle Ages and the Renaissance among the academicians, while the best literature moved ahead by introducing the modern view of an interaction between nature and nurture. In the modern era literature began to describe the inner world of children a century before the birth of child psychology, and literature has generally continued to describe the interactions between nature and nurture without taking sides in the academic battles of science. The great wealth of insights into the origins of children's behavior in the nonscientific literature should be incorporated into the education of child health professionals because the richer understanding that it engenders would lead to better child rearing and educational practice.

Child↗
PubMed2000

Suicide: a 15-year review of the sociological literature. Part II: modernization and social integration perspectives.

This article reviews the findings of 84 sociological studies published over a 15-year period. These studies deal with tests of the modernization and/or social integration perspectives on suicide. Research on modernization, religious integration, and political integration often questioned or reformulated the traditional Durkheimian perspective. A major new theoretical development, Pescosolido's religious networks perspective, gained some empirical support in the 15-year period. The strongest support for social integration theory came from research on marital integration, wherein more than three quarters of the research found a significant relationship. Finally, further research on migration, a force lowering social integration, continued to tend to find a positive link to suicide.

Age Factors↗