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PubMed1992

Plasmids determining enzymatic inactivation of lincomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis. A preliminary report.

Coagulase-negative staphylococcal strains isolated from immunocompromised patients harboured in 41% non-MLS type lincomycin resistance determinant. Two kinds of resistance plasmids were detected in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates of this origin in connection with lincomycin resistance. One of them represented by pBI1 and pBI84 (1.4 Md in size) determines no other resistance marker. The pBI109PGL plasmid determines also penicillinase production and aminoglycoside resistance, its molecular mass is 31 Md. Hybridization using linA, linA' and linA-like specific gene probes suggested occurrence of genes of lincosamid-inactivating enzyme belonging to the lin gene family but differring from the previously characterized determinants.

Conjugation, Genetic↗
PubMed1991

[The therapy of odontogenic abscesses. Pharmacological experimentation with lincomycin or amoxicillin].

A clinical and microbiological study was carried out to assess the therapeutic efficacy of two different antibiotics, lincomycin and amoxicillin, in the treatment of patients suffering from odontogenic abscesses. Microbiological analyses revealed that the majority of infections were supported by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. The assessment of clinical parameters clearly showed that patients receiving pharmacological treatment with lincomycin achieved a more rapid and efficacious recovery from disease in comparison to patients treated with amoxicillin.

Abscess↗
PubMed1990

[Clinical test on the efficacy of lincomycin administered by aerosol in acute sinusitis].

Twenty-seven patients with acute sinusitis have been treated with lincomycin by aerosol 600 mg once a day for 6 days. The evaluations have been made in accordance with resolution of the clinical symptoms and radiological pictures. The trial has shown a marked reduction of the symptoms after only 3 days of treatment and almost total disappearance at the final control. Lincomycin proved to be effective and well tolerated in all patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens introduced into chickens.

The effect of Eimeria tenella infection on the caecal population of lincomycin-resistant Clostridium perfringens (KGW 851) newly introduced into chickens was studied. Four groups of chickens consisted of: (1) Uninoculated controls; (2) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851); (3) inoculated with E tenella; and (4) inoculated with C perfringens (KGW 851) followed by E tenella. Five chickens in each group were necropsied on each of days 0, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 after the E tenella inoculation. The mean total C perfringens counts in the caecal contents increased at five days after E tenella inoculation and reached maximum counts at seven days after the inoculation. Also lincomycin-resistant C perfringens readily established itself at approximately one 10th of the total C perfringens population in the presence or absence of E tenella infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Binding of lincomycin to immunoglobulins has no effect on their antigen-binding capacity.

The interaction of lincomycin and immunoglobulins was examined in vitro. While lincomycin bound to the immunoglobulin molecules seemed to decrease the quantity of IgG and IgM detected by radial immunodiffusion and microzone electrophoresis, the level of specific antibodies could not be demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1979

Effects o;f vitrectomy infusion solutions containing oxacillin, methicillin, or lincomycin.

Experiments conducted in rabbits showed no toxic effects on the retina by electroretinogram after vitrectomy when the infusion fluid contained as much as 50 microgram/ml of methicillin or lincomycin or 20 microgram/ml oxacillin. An abnormal electroretinogram was found in eyes receiving oxacillin in a concentration of 50 microgram/ml. Histologic studies showed ocular damage with concentrations of 50 microgram/ml of methicillin or lincomycin or 20 microgram/ml of oxacillin. All antibiotics were nontoxic to retina at 10 microgram/ml concentration, both by ERG and histology.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Various methods of using lincomycin for treating acute and chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in children].

Comparative data on the treatment of 209 children with acute and chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis are presented; 128 patients hospitalized before 1974 were treated with antibiotics, mainly penicillin and streptomycin without sensitivity testing. From 1974 81 children were treated with lincomycin; 80 per cent of the isolates were sensitive to this antibiotic. In lincomycin therapy the method of electrophoresis on the disease focus, intrabone administration of the drug and administration of the drug into the bone cavity together with the blood clot during surgical interventions in cases with chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis were used. A marked decrease in the rate of the chronic forms of the disease was registered (from 77.2 to 8.8 per cent).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Losses related to the ingestion of lincomycin-medicated feed in a range sheep flock.

Because of an episode of abortion caused by a tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter jejuni, lincomycin was mixed into a barley pellet and fed to 3,000 range ewes at a dosage of 225 mg/ewe/day. After the second feeding, a number of ewes were anorectic and diarrheic, and 6 were dead. Necropsies revealed congestion and hemorrhage of the entire gastrointestinal tract. The feeding of the medicated pellets was discontinued immediately. Sick ewes were treated with antihistamines and corticosteroids, but they did not recover, and many died during the next several weeks. Lambs born within the first 7 days after the incident were alert and vigorous. Dams did not produce milk and many died during or after parturition. Later, however, lambs were born dead or weak, and abortions of autolyzed lambs began. Affected ewes examined 3 weeks later had salmonellosis and/or toxic tubular nephrosis associated with an oxalate-like crystal. The flock had been grazed on range infested with Halogeton glomeratus just before treatment with lincomycin, and it also had a history of Salmonella-related abortions. The deaths finally ceased after a month. Approximately 2,000 ewes and 3,200 lambs were lost, resulting in an economic loss of $550,000.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed1987

[Effect of rifampicin, lincomycin and staphylococcal vaccine on the beta-lysin activity of the blood serum of animals infected with Staphylococcus].

Changes in activity of beta-lysins in blood serum were studied in the time course on albino mice infected with staphylococci and treated with rifampicin, lincomycin and inactivated staphylococcal vaccine administered in combination or alone. It was shown that staphylococcal infection lowered activity of the serum beta-lysins in the animals and therapeutic use of inactivated staphylococcal vaccine stimulated beta-lysin activity. Therapeutic use of rifampicin or lincomycin under the same conditions lowered activity of beta-lysins. The inhibitory effect of rifampicin was less pronounced. Combined use of the antibiotics and the vaccine promoted an increase in activity of beta-lysins as compared to the use of the antibiotics alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Microbiological method for assaying lincomycin in animal feed: collaborative study.

A microbiological assay for determining lincomycin in swine feed, supplement, and a vitamin-mineral premix was studied collaboratively in 16 laboratories. The design of the study involved a complete feed, feed supplement, and a vitamin-mineral premix covering a range of fortification from 20 to 80 g/ton and 80 to 2600 g/ton. Two methods of sample preparation were used depending on the concentration of lincomycin in the sample. Statistical evaluation of the results from the 2 methods indicated that 10 and 11 collaborators, respectively, had mean recoveries which were not significantly different from one another. Ten laboratories obtained a mean recovery of 112.2% (range 102.3--123.5%) for the lower level, and 11 laboratories obtained a mean recovery of 104.4% (range 100.0--107.7%) for the higher level. The method has been adopted as official first action.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1986

Probable elimination of swine dysentery after feeding ronidazole, carbadox or lincomycin and verification by feeding sodium arsanilate.

Swine dysentery did not recur during a nine week period after withdrawal of medication in swine fed ronidazole at a level of 60 parts per million of feed for ten weeks or fed either carbadox at 55 ppm or lincomycin at 110 ppm of feed for six weeks. During this period swine dysentery was neither transmitted to accompanying sentinels after the withdrawal of the above medication or was Treponema hyodysenteriae isolated and cultured or observed in stained smears from rectal swabs and feces or from colonic scrapings at necropsy. Beginning three weeks after the withdrawal of medication, all swine were fed sodium arsanilate at a concentration of 220 ppm of feed for three weeks in an attempt to excite the carrier of swine dysentery into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea. A swine dysentery diarrhea did recur during the feeding of sodium arsanilate in swine previously fed ronidazole at a level of 60 ppm of feed for only six weeks. It was concluded: that swine dysentery was probably eliminated with the feeding of ronidazole for the longer duration and with the feeding of carbadox and lincomycin and that sodium arsanilate was of value in identifying the carrier state.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The selectivity of vancomycin and lincomycin in NYC medium for the recovery of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens.

Varying concentrations of vancomycin and lincomycin were tested separately in NYC medium to determine the degree of their selectivity and sensitivity for isolation of N. gonorrhoeae from clinical specimens. Results indicate that 2 microgram/ml of vancomycin used in conjunction with colymycin, amphotericin B, and trimethoprim lactate provide adequate selectivity and reduce the possibility of losses of vancomycin-sensitive strains of gonococci seen with 3 microgram/ml of vancomycin. The same medium with concentrations of from 1 to 4 microgram/ml of lincomycin substituted for vancomycin permitted more contamination and fewer recoveries of gonococci as compared with 2 microgram/ml of vancomycin.

Amphotericin B↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of lincomycin on its own producer, Actinomyces roseolus, in periodic cultivation in a liquid medium].

Lincomycin added to the cultivation medium induced a number of changes in the organism producing it during its ontogenesis when grown recurrently on liquid media. It was found that lincomycin inhibited the culture growth and decreased the absolute amount of the antibiotic synthesized while the specific activity of the culture increased. A number of cytomorphological rearrangements relevant to the adaptive protective reactions was found. It is suggested that an increase in the resistance of the culture to the antibiotic produced by it at the late developmental stages is the result of the above protective reactions.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1977

[Effects of gentamicin and lincomycin on the ultrastructure of mitochondria and plastids of Chlamydomonas reinhardii (author's transl)].

It is known that antibiotics which have an effect on 70 S ribosomes inhibit both the bacterial and the mitochondrial protein synthesis of plants and animals. This also applies to the plastid protein synthesis of plants. On this basis the present study has examined whether the inhibition of the mitochondrial protein synthesis caused by such antibiotics, may also be recognized by structural changes in the mitochondria. The effects on the ultrastructure of plastids have been investigated comparatively. The mixotroph flagellate Chlamydomonas reinhardii was used in our study. It was found that gentamycin (0.3 to 0.6 microgram/ml) and lincomycin (200 and 300 microgram/ml) cause structural anomalies in the mitochondria and in the plastids as well. Depending on the concentrations and the periods of exposure the mitochondria exhibited the following alterations: disorientation of the cristae within the organelles, reduction in the number of cristae and considerable differences of their length. In addition, vesicles and bodies which are surrounded by circular single or doubled membranes appeared in the mitochondria under the influence of gentamycin. We were able to detect mitochondria of unusual sizes and shapes in the cross sections. We also noticed changes in the arrangement of the thylakoids in the plastids under the influence of both gentamycin and lincomycin. In addition, electron-dense thylakoids, the so-called compact membranes, appeared under the influence of gentamycin. We suspect that mitochondrial alterations under the influence of such antibiotics could be one of the causes of side-effects, which frequently occur in medical use.

Cell Membrane↗
PubMed1978

[The toxicity of lincomycin. Two i.v. applications of 6 g. each to a 10 year old girl without toxic symptoms].

A 10-year old girl (34.5 kg) being treated at our clinic for osteomyelitis erroneously received an overdose of lincomycin. On a single day she was given 2 infusions containing 6 g of lincomycin each, which corresponds to a dose of 343 mg/kg of body weight. There was an interval of 10 h between infusions. Apart from fatigue and unpleasant taste sensation, she demonstrated no signs of intoxication. None of the laboratory parameters (GOT, GPT, gamma-GT, LDH, G-LDH, LAP, alkaline phosphatase and CK; furthermore, the concentrations of glucose, BUN, creatinine, uric acid and bilirubin) offered any evidence of toxic organ damage. Osteomyelitis in children demands extremely high doses of antibiotics. In view of this fact, the therapeutic range of a substance is of utmost clinical interest.

Child↗
PubMed1982

Implication of Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens iota toxins in experimental lincomycin-associated colitis of rabbits.

Following oral administration of lincomycin, over 50% of two groups of 12 rabbits each died between 4 and 56 days with distended, non-hemorrhagic, fluid-filled ceca. Bacteria-free cecal filtrates from the rabbits that died were lethal for mice, cytopathic in Y-1 tissue culture monolayers, and caused increased vascular permeability in rabbit skin. Although the cecal filtrates of both groups had similar biological activity, the filtrate activity of one group was neutralized by Clostridium perfringens iota antitoxin, and the infiltrate activity of the other group was neutralized by Clostridium difficile antitoxin. Toxigenic Clostridium difficile also were isolated from the ceca of this group. A broth filtrate of a Clostridium difficile culture was lethal for rabbits when injected intravenously and intraperitoneally. The data indicated Clostridium difficile toxin or clostridium perfringens iota toxin may be associated with lincomycin-associated colitis in rabbits.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cellular uptake of clindamycin and lincomycin.

Neither clindamycin nor lincomycin killed intracellular Staphylococcus aureus over a 4-h period. Bio-assay of neutrophil sonicates after exposure to antibiotic showed the presence of active clindamycin at approximately 20 times the extracellular concentration. Clindamycin and lincomycin kill staphylococci relatively slowly, particularly in cell culture medium and balanced salt solution. This might account for their failure to kill intracellular staphylococci despite intracellular accumulation. The neutrophil experiments could not be extended to a time period (20 h) over which the antibiotics would kill S. aureus, as the presence of these bacteria within neutrophils for this length of time resulted in considerable cell lysis.

Clindamycin↗