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PubMed1996

[2.7 mm (AO) or 2.0 mm miniplate osteosynthesis in mandibular fractures].

In a retrospective study on 302 patients, miniplate osteosynthesis (n = 236) and rigid internal fixation (n = 66) in patients with fractures of the mandible were investigated. The total complication rate following miniplate osteosynthesis was 6.5% compared to 12.7% following rigid internal fixation. Additional intermaxillary immobilisation did not avoid postoperative complications. In patients with multiple or comminuted fractures of the mandible, rigid internal fixation demonstrated a lower complication rate compared to miniplate osteosynthesis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Distinct localizations and repression activities of MM-1 isoforms toward c-Myc.

MM-1 was identified as a c-Myc-binding protein and has been reported to repress the E-box-dependent transcription activity of c-Myc by recruiting HDAC1 complex via TIF1 beta/KAP1. In this study, originally isolated MM-1 was found to be a fusion protein comprised of the N-terminal 13 amino acids from the sequence of chromosome 14 and of the rest of the amino acids from that of chromosome 12 and was found to be expressed ubiquitously in all human tissues. Four splicing isoforms of MM-1, MM-1alpha, MM-1beta, MM-1gamma, and MM-1delta, which are derived from the sequence of chromosome 12, were then identified. Of these isoforms, MM-1alpha, MM-1gamma, and MM-1delta were found to be expressed in tissue-specific manners and MM-1beta was found to be expressed ubiquitously. Although all of the isoforms potentially possessed c-Myc- and TIF1beta-binding activities, MM-1beta and MM-1delta were found to be mainly localized in the cytoplasm and MM-1alpha and MM-1gamma were found to be localized in the nucleus together with both c-Myc and TIF1beta. Furthermore, when repression activities of MM-1 isoforms toward c-Myc transcription activity were examined by reporter gene assays in HeLa cells, MM-1alpha, MM-1gamma, and MM-1gamma, but not MM-1beta, were found to repress transcription activity of c-Myc, and the degrees of repression by MM-1gamma and MM-1delta were smaller than those by MM-1 and MM-1alpha. These results suggest that each MM-1 isoform distinctly regulates c-Myc transcription activity in respective tissues.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2003

Four-channel multidetector CT in facial fractures: do we need 2 x 0.5 mm collimation?

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to optimize acquisition protocols and multiplanar reformation algorithms for the evaluation of facial fractures using multidetector CT (MDCT) and to determine whether 2 x 0.5 mm collimation is necessary. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cadaveric head with artificial blunt facial trauma was examined using a four-channel MDCT scanner. The influence of acquisition parameters (collimation, 2 x 0.5 mm, 4 x 1 mm, 4 x 2.5 mm; tube current, 120 mAs, 90 mAs, 60 mAs), image reconstruction algorithms (standard vs ultra-high-resolution modes; reconstructed slice thicknesses, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm; increment, 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm, 1.5 mm), and reformation algorithms (slice thicknesses, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm; overlap, 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm) on detectability of facial fractures in multiplanar reformations with MDCT was analyzed. RESULTS: Fracture detection was significantly higher with thin multiplanar reformations (0.5 and 0.5 mm, 1 and 0.5 mm, and 1 and 1 mm) (p < or = 0.014) acquired with 2 x 0.5 mm collimation (p < or = 0.046) in ultra-high-resolution mode (p < 0.0005) with 120 mAs (p < or = 0.025). Interobserver variability showed very good agreement (kappa > or = 0.942). Non-ultra-high-resolution mode, lower milliampere-seconds, and thick multiplanar reformations (3 and 0.5 mm, 3 and 1 mm, and 3 and 0.5 mm) showed significantly decreased fracture detectability. CONCLUSION: Although thin multiplanar reformations obtained from thin collimation (2 x 0.5 mm) are statistically superior for the detection of subtle fractures, 4 x 1 mm collimation is sufficient for routine diagnostic evaluation. Ultra-high-resolution mode with 120 mAs is mandatory for detection of clinically relevant fractures.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro pullout strength of screws inserted in adult equine third metacarpal bone after overdrilling a 4.5-mm threaded insertion hole.

OBJECTIVE: To determine and compare the in vitro pullout strength of 5.5-mm cortical versus 6.5-mm cancellous bone screws inserted in the diaphysis and metaphysis of adult equine third metacarpal (MCIII) bones, in threaded 4.5-mm cortical bone screw insertion holes that were then overdrilled with a 4.5-mm drill bit to provide information relevant to the selection of a replacement screw if a 4.5-mm cortical screw is stripped. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro pullout tests of 5.5-mm cortical and 6.5-mm cancellous screws in equine MCIII bones. SAMPLE POPULATION: Two independent cadaver studies each consisting of 14 adult equine MCIII bones. METHODS: Two 4.5-mm cortical screws were placed either in the middiaphysis (study 1) or distal metaphysis (study 2) of MCIII bones. The holes were then overdrilled with a 4.5-mm drill bit and had either a 5.5-mm cortical or a 6.5-mm cancellous screw inserted; screw pullout tests were performed at a rate of 0.04 mm/second until screw or bone failure occurred. RESULTS: In diaphyseal bone, the screws failed in all tests. Tensile breaking strength for 5.5-mm cortical screws (997.5 +/- 49.3 kg) and 6.5-mm cancellous screws (931.6 +/- 19.5 kg) was not significantly different. In metaphyseal bone, the bone failed in all tests. The holding power for 6.5-mm cancellous screws (39.1 +/- 4.9 kg/mm) was significantly greater than 5.5-mm cortical screws (23.5 +/- 3.5 kg/mm) in the metaphysis. There was no difference in the tensile breaking strength of screws in the diaphysis between proximal and distal screw holes; however, the holding power was significantly greater in the distal, compared with the proximal, metaphyseal holes. CONCLUSIONS: Although tensile breaking strength was not different between 5.5-mm cortical and 6.5-mm cancellous screws in middiaphyseal cortical bone, holding power of 6.5-mm cancellous screws was greater than 5.5-mm cortical screws in metaphyseal bone of adult horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: If a 4.5-mm cortical bone screw strips in MCIII diaphyseal bone of adult horses, either a 5.5-mm cortical or 6.5-mm cancellous screw, however, would have equivalent pullout strengths. A 6.5-mm cancellous screw, however, would provide greater holding power than a 5.5-mm cortical screw in metaphyseal bone.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Accommodation obtained per 1.0 mm forward movement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To clarify the amount of accommodation per 1.0 mm forward movement of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan. METHODS: A ray-focusing equation of pseudophakic eyes was obtained with the ray-tracing method using Mathematica((R)) computer software (Wolfram). At first, it was assumed that the anterior radius of curvature of the cornea was 7.7 mm, the thickness was 0.5 mm, and the refractive index was 1.3375, and an AcrySof IOL (Alcon) was implanted in the capsular bag. Anterior and posterior radii of curvature and IOL thickness data were provided from the manufacturer and inserted in the equation. Next, the amount of accommodation per 1.0 mm of forward movement of a posterior chamber IOL was calculated under the assumption that the axial length (AL) varied from 21.0 to 27.0 mm and the implanted IOL from 30.0 to 11.0 diopters (D). The AL was fixed at 24.0 mm, and the anterior radius of curvature was varied from 6.5 to 9.5 mm and the IOL from 10.0 to 30.0 D. Similar calculations were then performed. RESULTS: Under the assumption of a fixed corneal anterior radius of curvature of 7.7 mm, when the AL was 24.0 mm and the implanted IOL 20.0 D, 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement corresponded to 1.3 D of accommodation. When the AL was 21.0 mm and a the IOL 30.0 D, 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement corresponded to 2.3 D of accommodation. When the AL was 27.0 mm and the IOL 11.0 D, 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement corresponded to 0.8 D of accommodation. Similarly, when the anterior radius of corneal curvature was varied from 6.5 to 9.5 mm and the IOL from 10.0 to 30.0 D and the AL was fixed at 24.0 mm, 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement corresponded to 0.5 to 1.9 D of accommodation. CONCLUSIONS: Accommodation obtained per 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement varied with AL from 0.8 D in a long eye to 2.3 D in a short eye. It also varied with the corneal power. Thus, one should not state that 1.0 mm of forward IOL movement always corresponds to a certain amount of diopters of accommodation.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1981

Postsynthetic variants of creatine kinase MM.

MYocardial CK-MM has been found to undergo postsynthetic modification after AMI. Studies by isoelectric focusing of normal heart extracts, serial serum samples from patients with AMI, normal sera, and sera from patients with DMD revealed the presence of four variants, designated MM-I, MM-II, MM-III and MM-IV, at pH values 6.90, 6.62, 6.36, and 6.20, respectively. The MM variants, together with two MB variants, could also be demonstrated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Heart extract contained primarily MM-I. Serum samples obtained early after infarction (9 to 12 hr) showed predominantly MM-I, MM-II, and MM-III. With increase in time after infarction (24 to 96 hr), there was a gradual shift in which MM-I and MM-II decreased while MM-III and MM-IV increased. These results could be mimicked by incubating an extract of human heart with normal serum for increasing time intervals. Normal serum and serum from DMD patients--both of which contain steady-state levels of MM isoenzyme activity--showed all four variants. There was, however, a preponderance of MM-I and MM-II in normal serum, whereas serum from DMD patients showed a preponderance of MM-II and MM-III. We conclude that the process of postsynthetic modification after AMI probably starts at the site of injury in the myocardium because the variants can be demonstrated in the serum within a few hours after infarction. Further modification then occurs in the circulation after enzyme release from the site of injury has ceased. These data suggest that analysis of CK variants may provide a unique means of assessing the time of onset of necrosis in AMI and may have potential for detecting reinfarction and for monitoring the duration of enzyme release from the site of injury.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1993

Genistein exhibits preferential cytotoxicity to a leukemogenic variant but induces differentiation of a non-leukemogenic variant of the mouse monocytic leukemia Mm cell line.

Mouse leukemia Mm-A and Mm-S2 cells are subclones of mouse monocytic leukemia Mm cells, Mm-A cells having much higher leukemogenicity than Mm-S2 cells. The growth-inhibitory effects of several protein kinase inhibitors on leukemogenic Mm-A and non-leukemogenic Mm-S2 cells were examined. Most inhibitors of protein serine/threonine kinases inhibited the growth of Mm-A and Mm-S2 cells similarly, but some protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors exhibited differential inhibitory effects on Mm-A and Mm-S2 cells. Genistein inhibited growth of Mm-A cells more effectively than that of Mm-S2 cells, but another inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, herbimycin A, preferentially inhibited growth of non-leukemogenic Mm-S2 cells. Genistein induced or enhanced several differentiation markers of Mm-S2 cells, such as cell spreading, immunophagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and lysozyme activity in a dose-dependent manner, but herbimycin A did not. Genistein was cytotoxic to Mm-A cells rather than inducing cell differentiation. Genistein has effects on several other cellular events as well as inhibition of tyrosine kinases. However, it effectively inhibited protein tyrosine phosphorylation in Mm-A cells and its decrease of tyrosine phosphorylation was closely associated with its inhibition of cell growth. Thus, a genistein-sensitive tyrosine kinase(s) may play an important role in the growth and/or survival of leukemogenic Mm-A cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The 57 mm thermal clearance probe: a non-invasive tool for measuring subcutaneous blood flow.

1. The segmented thermal clearance probe is a non-invasive instrument which measures heat thermal clearance, a variable directly proportional to superficial blood flow, with a depth sensitivity theoretically proportional to the sensor diameter. We compared an 18 mm sensor and a recently developed 57 mm sensor with the reference technique of xenon washout. 2. The theoretical depth sensitivity of the sensors was assessed using Perspex spacers. Ninety-five per cent of sensitivity had been lost at the respective depths of 3.5 mm and 7.1 mm for the 18 mm and 57 mm sensors. 3. A comparison was made between heat thermal clearance reading and 133Xe decay curves using the two probes for 15 min after injection of 133Xe at 2 mm and 6 mm depths in the anterior thigh in 41 subjects. The 57 mm sensor showed similar correlation with xenon washout at 2 mm injection depth (r = 0.89) and 6 mm injection depth (r = 0.86), whereas the 18 mm sensor showed greater correlation at 2 mm (r = 0.92) than at 6 mm (r = 0.62). 4. The 57 mm sensor was compared with xenon washout at 6 mm in eight insulin-treated diabetic subjects. The relationship was similar to that in non-diabetic subjects (r = 0.79), with no significant difference in slope or intercept. 5. It is concluded that the 57 mm thermal clearance probe may be used to study blood flow at the depth of insulin injection (6 mm) in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

Adult↗