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Results for “Myoelectric Complex, Migrating”

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PubMed1993

Regeneration of sympathetic activities in small bowel transplants.

In order to study the activity of noradrenergic nerve fibres along mesenteric arteries in small-intestinal grafts, the entire jejunoileum was transplanted heterotopically in an isogeneic rat model (group I, n = 12). To assess their influence on graft motility, 9 cm of jejunum were transplanted in an orthotopic position and three bipolar electrodes sutured to the seromuscular layer of the graft (group II, n = 10). Fasting motility was recorded up to postoperative day 42. Animals of group I were sacrificed from day 7 on at weekly intervals and mesenteries were analysed histochemically by fluorescence microscopy. After the 1st and 2nd week, grafts were found to be completely depleted of noradrenaline. At the end of the 3rd week, fluorescence became detectable along graft mesenteric arteries and showed normal intensity from the end of week 4. Migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs) were present in all animals of group II. The variability of the MMC period (mean 12.6 min; SD 6.2 min) expressed as variation coefficient (median 36.5; 14.6-74) did not change during the observation period. From these findings it is concluded that there are no extrinsic noradrenergic activities in rat small-intestinal transplants for the first 3 postoperative weeks but they do recover there after. Their influence on graft function remains unclear: MMC periodicity, however, was no influenced.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Inhibitory effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 on small bowel motility. Fasting but not fed motility inhibited via nitric oxide independently of insulin and somatostatin.

Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)(7-36)amide on fasted and fed motility in the rat small intestine were investigated in relation to its dependence on nitric oxide (NO), insulin, and somatostatin. Small bowel electromyography was performed using bipolar electrodes implanted 15, 25, and 35 cm distal to pylorus, and transit was studied with a radioactive marker. In the fasted state, GLP-1 (5-20 pmol kg-1min-1), reaching physiological plasma levels, prolonged the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cycle length along with slowed transit. This effect was antagonized by exendin(9-39)amide. The NO synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro- L-arginine (L-NNA) also blocked the response to GLP-1, whereas L-arginine restored the response. Insulin (80-200 pmol kg-1min-1) induced irregular spiking, whereas somatostatin (100-500 pmol kg-1min-1) increased the MMC cycle length, independently of NO. In the fed state, GLP-1 (20-40 pmol kg-1min-1) reduced motility, an inhibition unaffected by L-NNA, whereas motility was stimulated by exendin(9-39)amide. Infusion of GLP-1 (20-100 pmol kg-1min-1) did not affect plasma insulin, but somatostatin was increased. In conclusion, GLP-1 seems to inhibit small bowel motility directly via the GLP-1 receptor. Inhibition of fasting motility is dependent of NO and not mediated via insulin or somatostatin, whereas inhibition of fed motility is independent of NO.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Endotoxin induces biphasic alterations in small intestinal myoelectric activity in fasted newborn piglets.

Previous studies have shown that i.v. endotoxin infusion causes gastrointestinal dysfunction and intestinal injury in piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of endotoxin on intestinal myoelectric activity in newborn swine and to correlate this with gastrointestinal and hemodynamic events. Three pairs of electrodes were implanted in the jejunal wall of piglets, and after recovery, intestinal myoelectric activity was continuously recorded in the conscious, fasted condition. The intestinal myoelectric activity on the control day showed regular, repeating migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) cycles, each of which was composed of the classic phases I, II, and III. Mean cycle duration was 67.0 +/- 18.7 min (+/- SD), and phase III comprised 9.1 +/- 2.2% of each cycle. On the next day, infusion of 30 micrograms/kg endotoxin caused an initial, prolonged quiescent period and delayed the appearance of the first postendotoxin phase III complex. After the quiescent period, there was a period of irregular spiking activity followed by several shortened MMC cycles (47.9 +/- 22.7 min, p < 0.01 versus control) with a prolongation of the percentage of time spent in phase III (15.4 +/- 11.3%, p < 0.01). Endotoxin thus produced biphasic alterations in intestinal myoelectric activity characterized by an initial quiescence followed by increased gastrointestinal smooth muscle activity. Animals developed diarrhea, hypotension, and tachycardia about 1 h after endotoxin infusion in temporal association with increased spiking activity and MMC cycling. These studies are the first to show this biphasic response to endotoxin.

Activity Cycles↗

PubMed2002

Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the effects of an abrupt increase of concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon and on fermentation patterns in the rumen and large intestine. ANIMALS: 6 healthy lactating Simmental x Red-Holstein cows. PROCEDURES: The diet of 6 cows implanted with bipolar electrodes in the spiral colon was changed from hay only to a ration of 50% hay:50% starch-rich concentrates during a period of 60 hours. Myoelectric activity of the spiral colon, concentrations of absolute and undissociated volatile fatty acids (VFA), and pH of ruminal and large intestinal contents were monitored before, during, and after the dietary change. RESULTS: Significant changes in patterns of myoelectric activity of the spiral colon were restricted to phases III and IV of the bovine migrating myoelectric complex and to propagation velocity. Significant alterations were not observed in pH or VFA concentrations in ruminal fluid, but pH decreased and VFA concentrations increased significantly in fecal specimens after the change of diet. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although rumen fluid is of limited value for measurement of certain indicators of fermentation, fecal samples can be used for measurement of pH and VFA concentrations, which serve as indicators of fermentation patterns in the large intestine. Increased concentrations of VFA and low pH in large intestinal digesta have a minimal influence on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon. Increased luminal VFA concentrations are unlikely to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of motility disorders of the large intestine in cattle.

Animal Feed↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Recovery of gastroduodenojejunal electric activity after cholecystectomy. In situ study in mam].

The recovery of gastrointestinal electrical activity--migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) and slow waves--was studied in six women (50-77 years) after cholecystectomy for gallstones: serosal electrodes in pairs are implanted in the wall of the antrum, duodenum and jejunum during surgery. Five hour recordings were made on the first, third and fourth postoperative days (pOD), in starvation condition with hydric intake only. The recordings were made after a twelve hour fast. On the fourth postoperative day, a test meal (250 g yogurt) was given to the patients and its effects on electrical activity were recorded for 2 hours. Even though MMC were present on the first and third postoperative days, a detailed study of their origin, the length of the phase 3 and the speed of gastro-jejunal propagation showed an inhibition of gastric MMC until the fourth pOD, moreover that intestinal MMC was slower than normal until the third pOD. On the fourth postoperative day, gastric inhibition disappeared since the length of the phase 3 of the MMC in the gastric level corresponded to those of the duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore the speed of propagation corresponded to that in normal subjects. Further, the slow wave frequency peculiar to each segment studied increased progressively from the first to the fourth pOD just like the slow waves with action potentials. In conclusion, notwithstanding the presence of MMC from the first postoperative day, it was only on the fourth day that normal coordination was restored and hence that patients were able to eat again.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2004

Effects of motilin and ursodeoxycholic acid on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of different origins in fasted rats.

AIM: To investigate gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and the effects of porcine motilin and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on MMC of gastrointestinal tract of different origins in fasted rats. METHODS: Three bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted on the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Seven days later 24 experimental rats were divided into 2 groups. One group was injected with porcine motilin via sublingual vein at a dose of 20 microg/kg, the other group was perfused into stomach with UDCA. The gastrointestinal myoelectric activity was recorded 1 h before and 2 h after the test substance infusions into the rats. RESULTS: In all fasted rats a typical pattern of MMC was observed. Among the totally 68 activity fronts recorded in fasted rats under control, 67% started in duodenum, and 33% in antrum. MMC cycle duration and duration of phase III of antral origin were longer than those of duodenal origin. Administration of 20 microg/kg porcine motilin induced a premature antral phase III of antral origin. But perfusion into stomach with UDCA resulted in shorter MMC cycle duration, longer duration of phase III of duodenal origin, which were followed with shorter cycle duration and duration of antral phase III. CONCLUSION: In fasted rats, MMC could originate from antrum and duodenum respectively. The characteristics of MMC of different origins may contribute to the large variations within subjects. The mechanisms of different origins of phase III may be different. Porcine motilin and UDCA could affect MMC of different origins of the gastrointestinal tract in fasted state, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Changes of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy in guinea pigs.

AIM: To investigate the bile acid pool size after cholecystectomy whether or not correlated to the gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in guinea pigs. METHODS: Gallbladder motilities were assessed before cholecystectomy. Furthermore, we continuously monitored interdigestive gastrointestinal motilities using bipolar electrodes in conscious guinea pigs before and after surgery at 4 wk in standard diet group and high cholesterol diet (cholesterol gallstone) group. Total bile acid pool sizes were measured by isotope dilution method at meantime. RESULTS: After cholecystectomy, there were parallel falls in duration of phase I, II, III and MMC cycle duration but increase in amplitude in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones. However, There were not significantly differences. On the other hand, the bile acid pool was definitely small in the GS guinea pigs compared to normal guinea pigs and became slightly smaller after cholecystectomy. Similarly, bile acid in gallbladder bile, fecal bile acid was slightly increased in GS guinea pigs after cholecystectomy, to the same degree as normal. These differences, however, were not significant. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that in the guinea pigs with normal gallbladder function, and in the guinea pigs with cholesterol stones: (1) Cholecystectomy produce a similar but less marked trend in bile acid pool; and (2) MMC are linked to enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, rather than surgery, which is consistent with changes of the bile acid pool size. As a result, gastrointestinal dyskinesia is not involved in occurrence of postcholecystectomy syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Relationship between entero-hepatic bile acid circulation and interdigestive migrating myoelectrical activity in rats.

AIM: To investigate the effects of entero-hepatic bile acid circulation on the inter-digestive migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) in rats. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups. Three pairs of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the antrum, duodenum and jejunum. Three groups of them were ligated around the upper part of common bile duct (CBD). The experiments were performed in conscious and fasting state. The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and saline were then perfused into stomachs of two groups with CBD obstruction and the effects of them on the MMC were observed. RESULTS: A typical pattern of MMC was observed in normal fasting rats. MMC of antral and duodenal origin disappeared temporarily in earlier stage of CBD obstruction. While MMC of jejunum origin appeared. increased MMC cycle duration was seen after 4 d in rats with CBD obstruction. The MMC after CBD obstruction was characterized by an increased duration of phase II-like activity and decreased duration of phase I and III activity. Perfusion into stomachs with UDCA resulted in a shorter MMC cycle duration and a longer duration of phase III of duodenal origin compared to the normal group. CONCLUSION: Entero-hepatic bile acid circulation initiates inter-digestive MMC of duodenal origin.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Myoelectric activity and motility of the Roux limb after cut or uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy.

AIM: To explore the mechanisms of uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, which is used to decrease the occurrence of Roux stasis syndrome. METHODS: The changes of myoelectric activity, mechanic motility and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) of the Roux limb after cut or uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy were observed. RESULTS: When compared with the cut group, the amplitude (1.15 +/- 0.15 mV vs 0.48 +/- 0.06 mV, P < 0.05) and frequency (14.4 +/- 1.9 cpm vs 9.5 +/- 1.1 cpm, P < 0.01) of slow waves and the incidence (98.2% +/- 10.4% vs 56.6% +/- 6.4%, P < 0.05) and amplitude (0.58 +/- 0.08 mV vs 0.23 +/- 0.06 mV, P < 0.01) of spike potential of the Roux limb in the uncut group were significantly higher. The migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC) phase III duration in the uncut group was significantly prolonged (6.5 +/- 1.1 min vs 4.4 +/- 0.8 min, P < 0.05), while the MMC cycle obviously shortened (42.5 +/- 6.8 vs 55.3 +/- 8.2 min, P < 0.05). Both gastric emptying rate (65.5% +/- 7.9% vs 49.3% +/- 6.8%, P < 0.01) and intestinal impelling ratio (53.4% +/- 7.4% vs 32.2% +/- 5.4%, P < 0.01) in the uncut group were significantly increased. The contractile force index of the isolated jejunal segment in the uncut group was significantly higher (36.8 +/- 5.1 vs 15.3 +/- 2.2, P < 0.01), and the expression of c-kit mRNA was significantly increased in the uncut group (0.82 +/- 0.11 vs 0.35 +/- 0.06, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Uncut Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy may lessen the effects of operation on myoelectric activity such as slow waves, spike potential, and MMC, decrease the impairment of gastrointestinal motility, and remarkably increase the expression of c-kit mRNA.

Anastomosis, Roux-en-Y↗

PubMed2003

Effects of neurotrophins on gastrointestinal myoelectric activities of rats.

AIM: To observe the effects of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF), rat recombinant brain derived neurotrophic factor (rm-BDNF) and recombinant human neurotrophin-3 (rh-NT-3) on the gastrointestinal motility and the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in rat. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled experiment was performed. 5-7 days after we chronically implanted four or five bipolar silver electrodes on the stomach, duodenum, jejunum and colon, 21 experimental rats were coded and divided into 3 groups and injected NGF, rm-BDNF, rh-NT-3 or placebo respectively via tail vein at a dose of 20 microg x kg(-1). The gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity was recorded 2 hours before and after the test substance infusions in these consciously fasting rats. RESULTS: The neurotrophins-induced pattern of activity was characterized by enhanced spiking activity of different amplitudes at all recording sites, especially in the colon. In the gastric antrum and intestine, only rh-NT-3 had increased effects on the demographic characteristics of electrical activities (P<0.05), but did not affect the intervals of MMCs. In the colon, all the three kinds of neurotrophins could significantly increase the frequency, amplitude and duration levels of spike bursts, and also rh-NT-3 could prolong the intervals of MMC in the transverse colon (25+/-11 min vs 19+/-6 min, P<0.05). In the distal colon rh-NT-3 could evoke phase III-like activity and disrupt the MMC pattern, which was replaced by a continuously long spike bursts (LSB) and irregular spike activity (ISA) for 48+/-6 min. CONCLUSION: Exogenous neurotrophic factors can stimulate gut myoelectric activities in rats.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of small bowel exclusion on intestinal myoelectrical activity pattern: comparison between innervated and denervated (transplanted) Thiry-Vella loops in rats.

Small bowel transplantation (SBT) leads to several changes in normal intestinal physiology with special reference to lymphatic disruption and graft denervation. Intestinal myoelectrical activity (MA) has been studied in different conditions, but little is known about MA in excluded bowel segments without the influence of nutrients. We performed this study to evaluate the effects of bowel exclusion on MA pattern. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups: five were used as donors and five as recipients for SBT; the remaining five underwent isolation of a jejunal segment as Thiry-Vella loop (TVL). On the 20th postoperative day, four bipolar electrodes were implanted in the small bowel of each rat: proximally and distally on the transplanted and the native intestine (SBT group); proximally and distally on the TVL and across the jejunal anastomosis (TVL group). On the 30th postoperative day, MA was recorded for 30 min after a 12 h fast. MA pattern was not altered by the exclusion of innervated jejunal segments (TVLs) with maintenance of high amplitude and migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) occurrence independent of MA in the continuity bowel. The characteristic regular spiking activity was not observed in transplanted grafts and MA analysis showed slow waves containing superimposed irregular spiking activity.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Telemetry facilitates long-term recording of gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity in pigs.

A method of telemetric measurement of antroduodenal myoelectrical activity (EMG) in freely moving pigs has been developed. Silver bipolar electrodes were sutured on the antrum and duodenum and connected to a telemetry transmitter implanted extraperitoneally between the abdominal muscles. The EMG signals were collected by a receiver, filtered, amplified and archived by a computer. The telemetric EMG signal did not differ from that obtained with a conventional wire method. Substantial differences between day and night migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) patterns were found. The advantages of telemetric EMG recording make it a useful tool for long-term recording of antroduodenal EMG.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed2001

The myoelectric activity of ileum in fasted and fed young pigs.

To precise the character of myoelectric activity of distal small intestine, in 8 young pigs 1 bipolar electrode was attached at the serosal side of the jejunum and 7 electrodes were sutured at terminal ileum. After the recovery, the animals were fed twice daily during at least 2 weeks and were fasted 24 h before each experiment. Myoelectric activity was recorded with electroencephalograph throughout the experiment lasting 3-5 h. After control recording the standard food was given during the end of ileal phase 1 of migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and registration of myoelectric activity was continued. Ileal propagated or non-propagated minute rhythm was observed in 64% of the experiments performed, during phase 2b of MMC. In most animals studied, the long isolated spike burst series lasting 1-6 min and short isolated spike burst series lasting 15-25 s were observed. Feeding induced myoelectric activity in the jejunum usually after 1-2 min and, in the ileum, during most episodes, after 2-9 min, for 4-10 min. During and after feeding, the short-lasting "transient fed pattern" was observed. Mean propagation velocity of phase 3 MMC was 4.4 +/- 0.8 and 8.1 +/- 0.6 cm/min (mean +/- S.E.M., p > 0.05) before and after feeding, respectively. Phase 3 MMC was preceded by 2-3 spike burst series lasting 40-70 s each before feeding and 1-3 min after feeding. Single propagated spike bursts arrived more frequently after feeding. Two types of minute rhythm, propagated and stationary, were observed. Giant spike bursts, propagated contractions and ultrarapid spike rushes were recorded occasionally. In conclusion, the myoelectric activity of terminal ileum in swine is eventful, exhibits wide range of irregularity and its response to feeding is relatively weak and delayed as compared to the upper small intestine.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

[Distribution and role of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the distribution and role of motilin receptor in the amygdala of rats. METHODS: The distribution of motilin receptor in the amygdala was detected by immunohistochemistry in adult SD rats of either sex. The duodenal interdigestive migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was recorded and analyzed for investigating the role of motilin receptor in the amygdala. RESULTS: Motilin receptors were detected in the amygdala of rats. The medial amygdaloid nucleus contained the greatest amount of motilin receptors, which was also abound in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala but less abundant in the basomedial nucleus of the amygdala, central amygdaloid nucleus and lateral amygdaloid nucleus. The binding of motilin receptors and motilin in the amygdala caused shortening of duodenal MMC cycle duration and increased amplitude and frequency of phase III. The effects were completely abolished by subdiaphragmal vagotomy but not by intravenous injection of atropine, phentolamine or propranolol. Anti-motilin serum partially abolished these effects, and destruction of the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala had no effects on duodenal MMC. CONCLUSIONS: Motilin receptors are present in all the subnuclei of the amygdala. The effects of microinjection of motilin in the amygdala on duodenal MMC might rely on either the effects of noncholinergic and nonadrenergic neurons on the duodenal smooth muscle, or increase in local motilin via amygdala-hypothalamus-brain stem-vagus pathway, indicating the important role of motilin receptor in the amygdala in duodenal MMC regulation.

Amygdala↗

PubMed2005

[Changes of gastrointestinal myoelectric activity and bile acid pool during cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and bile acid pool size during cholesterol gallstone formation in guinea pigs. METHODS: Seventy-five guinea pigs were randomized into 5 equal groups and given normal diet for 8 weeks, 1% cholesterol diet for 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and cholesterol diet with Vitamin C for 8 weeks, respectively. At the end of the feeding period, the gallbladder motility was assessed by deploying 4 bipolar silver electrodes on the antrum, duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Seven days later, MMC was recorded and the total bile acid pool size measured according to the isotope dilution method. RESULTS: After cholesterol feeding, the gallbladder motility declined in 4- and 8-week groups, which showed a reduction of bile acid pool size by 42.75% (P<0.05) and 57.24% (P<0.05), respectively. Compared to the control group, MMCs started mostly in the duodenum. MMC cycle duration was prolonged in the duodenum by 1.32 times in 4-week group (P<0.05) and 1.44 times in 8 week group (P<0.05) whereas MMC amplitude was lowered in the duodenum by 40.91% in 4-week group (P<0.05) and 60.17% in 8 week group (P<0.05). Supplementation of vitamin C caused changes in MMC similar to those observed in the guinea pigs of 2-week group. CONCLUSIONS: High-cholesterol diet inhibits MMC activity and reduces bile acid pool size in guinea pigs, which, along with impairment of the gallbladder motility, contributes to the formation of cholesterol stone, whereas vitamin C supplement in the diet may help prevent cholelithiasis.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Myoelectric effects and histology after stapled occlusion of the small bowel.

Braun enteroenterostomy with stapled occlusion of the afferent limb has been advocated to treat bile gastritis and to avoid the motility effects of Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy. However, the motility effects of stapled occlusion are unknown. Myoelectric activity and histologic features were studied after stapled occlusion of the small bowel in a canine model. A 35 cm "recirculating loop" was created with a side-to-side anastomosis, beginning 25 cm from the ligament of Treitz. Serosal electrodes were placed at 5 cm intervals on the loop; at a second operation in one dog and simultaneously in three dogs, the bowel was occluded midway between two electrodes with 4.8 mm staples. Fasting recordings were obtained at weekly intervals to 6 months after surgery and were analyzed for slow wave frequency proximal and distal to the staple line and for propagation time of phase 3 of the migrating myoelectric complex across the staple line. The side-to-side anastomosis did not alter myoelectric activity. However, after stapled occlusion of the small bowel, the slow wave frequency dropped from a mean of 18.2 +/- 0.4 cpm proximally to 15.4 +/- 1.0 cpm distally (p less than 0.05). This correlated with loss of myogenic continuity in three of four animals. Propagation of phase 3 slowed across the staple line (115 +/- 27 seconds versus 47 +/- 9 seconds) (p less than 0.02). The bowel lumen recannulated in all animals. Stapling across the small bowel alters myoelectric activity, and occlusion of the bowel lumen may not be permanent.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗

PubMed1995

Peripheral and central cholecystokinin receptors regulate postprandial intestinal motility in the rat.

Postprandial cholecystokinin (CCK) has been suggested as an important mediator of disruption of migrating myoelectric complexes (MMC) after a meal. However, the role of CCK in regulating small intestinal motility in rats and the participation of central and/or peripheral CCK-A and B receptors in CCK actions, are still unclear. For this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared with electrodes in the small intestine, a catheter in the jugular vein and an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula. Postprandial disruption of the MMC was blocked by the i.v. infusion of the CCK-B antagonist L-365,260 (2 x 10(-7) mol/kg), but not by the infusion of the CCK-A antagonist L-364,718. When administered i.c.v., L-364,718 (2.25 x 10(-9) mol), but not L-365,260, restored the MMC pattern. The i.v. infusion of CCK-8 (1-3 x 10(-9) mol/kg) or CCK-4 (10(-7) mol/kg) disrupted the MMC pattern. CCK-8 effects where prevented by the i.v. infusion of either L-364,718 or L-365,260. Administered i.c.v., only the antagonist L-364,718 prevented CCK-8 disruption of the MMC. These results suggest that CCK-mediated motor changes after a meal are due to stimulation of peripheral CCK-B receptors. CCK also induces a release of central CCK that through CCK-A receptors participates on MMC disruption.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

[Effects of Paeonia-glycyrrhiza decoction on changes induced by cisplatin in rats].

In order to study the effects of Paeonia-Glycyrrhiza decoction (PGD) on the changes induced by cisplatin in rats, platinum-wire bipolar electrodes were inserted into the serosal membrane of the small intestine and migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) was used as index. After intravenous injection of cisplatin at doses of 4 mg/kg, the duration of the MMC cycles was significantly shorter than that of normal MMC cycles (P < 0.05) while the duration of phase III was remarkably prolonged comparing with that of normal phase III (P < 0.01) with latent period of 53.2 +/- 20.4 minutes. Taking PGD orally, cisplatin no longer induced the changes of MMC. The results suggest that PGD has marked adjusting effects on the changes of MMC induced by cisplatin. This might be one of the causes of PGD in relieving diarrhea induced by cisplatin in rats.

Animals↗