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Integration of persons with HIV in a problem-based tutorial: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: This qualitative study examined the effect of using persons with HIV-AIDS (PHAs) as facilitators of learning in an interdisciplinary problem-based learning curriculum. DESCRIPTION: Ten students representing 5 professions (medicine, occupational therapy, physical therapy, nursing, and social work) volunteered to participate in an 8-week course on rehabilitation issues in HIV. Two tutorial groups met weekly to discuss problems with the assistance of a faculty tutor and a PHA. Students completed a weekly journal outlining their experiences. At completion of the course, students participated in semistructured interviews. A qualitative analysis of the transcribed interviews and the journals was undertaken. EVALUATION: The PHA provided a unique perspective on living with HIV, acted as a resource, and challenged the students' values and assumptions. The presence of the PHA also presented challenges in that the students worried their comments might offend them. CONCLUSIONS: PHAs contributed significantly to students' learning and can be successfully incorporated into problem-based tutorials.

Curriculum↗

The historical precedents for quality assurance in health care.

The evolution of quality assurance as an essential component of a scientific, objective approach to health care delivery, and its implications for the profession of occupational therapy are presented. A review is made of the economic, ethical, psychological, and legislative forces that have influenced the development of quality assurance over the past century, a development that has seen times of strong emphasis on quality assurance functions, as well as periods of minimal support and, even, obstacles to any activity. Quality assurance standards established by both The American Occupational Therapy Association and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals (JCAH) are discussed. Results of commitment to these standards include improved effectiveness and efficiency of health care, better coverage and reimbursement from third-party payors, and greater professional growth. The need for commitment by occupational therapists to the most effective forms of quality assurance is recommended.

History, 20th Century↗

Embracing our past, informing our future: a feminist re-vision of health care.

Using a feminist perspective, this paper explores the roots of the practice of healing and medicine. It traces the role of women in health care from prehistorical times, through the present, and into the future discussing the changing paradigms that the author identifies as (a) the Prototypic Paradigm: Mysticism and Healing; (b) the Scientific Paradigm: Curing; and (c) the Paradigm of Inclusion: Caring, Curing, and Healing. The role and status of women in society are reflected within these paradigms, and the changing status of the profession of occupational therapy is discussed within this framework. The unique skills and contributions of occupational therapy more closely fit within the Paradigm of Inclusion and can support us as health care leaders within the changing world of the 21st century.

Female↗

The caring occupational therapist: scope of professional roles and boundaries.

OBJECTIVE: This article links two dimensions of occupational therapy within the context of professionalism: the role of caring and the implications of occupational therapy being a predominantly female profession. METHOD: Seven occupational therapists representing various levels of professional experience were interviewed to determine (a) how female occupational therapists perceive caring and (b) the implications of this perception for professional role definitions. RESULTS: Participants' daily professional work role was determined by three factors: the interpretation of holistic philosophy in their everyday activities as occupational therapists, the influence of their caring attitude in broadening their responsibilities beyond the occupational therapists' role definition, and the organizational settings in which their work took place. CONCLUSION: The seven participants had a broad definition of the scope of their professional responsibilities and experienced difficulty defining the limits of their role. Caring is a central part of the occupational therapists' role; therefore, perceptions about caring are central to the role definition of occupational therapists.

Adult↗

The fullness of empathy: reflections and illustrations.

Seven core values are said to undergird the profession of occupational therapy, with empathy serving as a hallmark of one of those values-personal dignity. This inquiry explores the meaning of empathy within a practice that holds occupation at its center. The literature on empathy in both philosophy and the behavioral sciences yields cogent thoughts about the fullness of empathy and its characteristics actions. The Healing Heart, the biography of a pioneer therapist, Ora Ruggles, shows the manner in which occupational therapists can be empathic in their practice. These reflections and illustrations serve to sharpen the vision of occupational therapists as persons who reach for both the hands and the hearts of others.

Empathy↗

[Becoming a scientist: the perspective of Bruno Latour]

The purpose of this article is to raise some points for an understanding of contemporary French philosopher Bruno Latour's perspective on the professionalization process for scientists. We review part of the sociological literature that has attempted to conceptually differentiate occupations from professions. We thus intend to establish a number of comparative parameters for such concepts. The field of knowledge and its role in the stages of the professionalization process assume an important place in this reflection.

Journal Article↗

Brandon/Hill selected list of print books and journals in allied health.

This list of 424 books and 77 journals is intended as a selection guide for print literature to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Because of the impossibility of covering the large number and wide variety of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the educational programs listed and recognized by the American Medical Association and other accrediting bodies. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (167 books and 31 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (2000 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $31,970. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $12,515.

Allied Health Occupations↗

A return to work program for injured workers: a reassignment model.

The current workers' compensation system does not encourage permanently restricted workers who are disabled due to work related injuries to return to work. Workers are often labeled permanently disabled and are released from their positions with their employers. However, according to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, these individuals may be qualified to return to productive employment. This paper will describe a Reassignment Model for occupational therapy supported by the rehabilitation frame of reference. This Model presents reassignment to a vacant position as a reasonable accommodation to return injured workers to productive employment. A case study will illustrate the successful implementation of the model. The potential benefits of using this Model will be described for clients, society, employers, and the occupational therapy profession.

Journal Article↗

Brandon/Hill selected list of print books and journals in allied health.

This list of 434 books and 79 journals is intended as a selection guide for print literature to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Because of the impossibility of covering the large number of and wide variety of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the educational programs listed and recognized by the American Medical Association and other accrediting bodies. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (169 books and 32 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (2002 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $36,744. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $14,465.

Allied Health Occupations↗

Effects of interprofessional rural training on students' perceptions of interprofessional health care services.

Interprofessional training has been advocated in the education of students in health care professions to facilitate collaboration and cooperation among health care providers. This study reported on one facet of the outcomes of a larger grant project funded by the Department of Health and Human Services HRSA grant #1-D36 AH 10082-03, which aimed to develop a new and innovative model for interprofessional student training. Over the 3-year period of the project, a total of 111 students from allied health professions including occupational therapy, physical therapy, and pharmacy participated in the project training. Participants' perceptions on interprofessional service were assessed before and after they participated in the project by the Interprofessional Education Perception Scale. Results of a univariate repeated measures two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant increase in participants' positive perceptions regarding interprofessional practice after they participated in the project (p < 0.05), and the significant increases were independent of the duration of the training (p < 0.01 for short-term and long-term training). A significant interaction between the duration of the training and pretest and posttest scores of the participants was found (p < 0.05) and students who participated in long-term training reported more positive attitudes on the posttest. These encouraging findings are supported and strengthened further by the qualitative data of the study, suggesting the training project has a significant impact on allied health students' perceptual attitudes toward interprofessional service delivery. Findings of the study are discussed related to the improvement of quality care and to the recruitment and retentions of health care providers in rural and underserved areas.

Adolescent↗

North Carolina Institute of Medicine Task Force on the North Carolina Nursing Workforce (2004).

North Carolina is indeed fortunate to have avoided many of the extreme shortages of nurses reported in other states. Yet, there are important developments on the horizon that have the potential to cause such shortages. Taking action today to expand the production of new nurses, enhance their education, augment school-to-work transitions, and improve the nursing workplace environment can help reduce the likelihood of a future nursing workforce crisis. Some steps will require new financial commitments either from public or private sources. Others will require a renewed commitment on the part of employers, educators, regulators and the nursing community. However, these steps are necessary if we are to recruit and retain well-prepared and motivated nurses who are needed to meet our healthcare needs now and in the future. Nursing, especially nursing at the bedside in hospitals and in long-term care, requires increasingly sophisticated technical skills and continues to demand intellectual, physical and emotional energy beyond what would be required in many other professions and occupations. It is hoped that the recommendations offered here will help focus the efforts of legislators, educators, employers, the nursing community, trade associations, foundations and the public at large to ensure an adequate supply of well-trained nursing personnel for the future.

Adult↗

Selected list of books and journals in allied health.

This list of 396 books and 77 journals is intended as a selection guide to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Due to the necessity of limiting the scope of coverage because of the large number and wide range of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the twenty-eight programs accredited by the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation of the American Medical Association, plus physical therapy, dental allied health, medical secretarial, nutrition, and speech pathology/audiology. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals is followed by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (194 books and 31 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (1992 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $22,800. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $10,850.

Allied Health Occupations↗

The report of the Task Force on the North Carolina Nursing Workforce--May 2004.

North Carolina is indeed fortunate to have avoided many of the extreme shortages of nurses reported in other states. Yet, even as this was noted, there were important developments on the horizon which had the potential to cause such shortages even here. The fact that there are so many pathways into this field and throughout an individual nurse's career made it necessary to organize our deliberations in a way that enabled the Task Force to deal with the special (often unique) situations faced by one form of nursing education, or one avenue of nursing practice. The Task Force then had to synthesize these findings and recommendations in a format that offered a potential framework for future policy decisions affecting the profession of nursing as a whole. It is a tribute to both the process and the participants that the way these discussions unfolded may have identified ways in which seemingly disjointed elements of North Carolina nursing might begin to see opportunities for collaboration, coordination, and ultimately greater levels of accomplishment in relation to the broad goals of this effort as a whole. In this report, as one would expect, there are identifiable needs: for additional financial support for nursing education (through support to our public and private institutions and their faculties offering different types of nursing credentials, as well as for the scholarship support of those who choose to enter this field), for programs and initiatives to enable recent nursing school graduates to enter nursing better prepared to render the professional services for which they were employed, and for concrete improvements in the nursing work environments. The fact that nursing, especially nursing at the bedside in hospitals and in long-term care, requires increasingly sophisticated technical skills and continues to demand intellectual, physical and emotional energy beyond what would be required in many other professions and occupations, the recruitment and retention of well-prepared and motivated nurses remains a challenge now and in the future. But, as these discussions and the interactions with Task Force members have demonstrated over and over again, nursing is both a dynamic and exciting field of professional practice. And North Carolina is considered by most to be one of the very best states within which to be a nurse. It is hoped that all the 47 recommendations offered in this report, only 16 of which are specified here, will serve as a template for a deliberate policy agenda through which the nursing workforce for North Carolina can continue to be the vibrant example of the highest standards of practice for which its reputation has been well-earned.

Advisory Committees↗

Comprehensive training for hazard communication.

Long before the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard caught the attention of the dental profession, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration required all employers to collect information about hazardous chemicals in the workplace and provide information and training to employees regarding the materials. The Hazard Communication Standard requires employers to establish written programs, collect specific information regarding workplace chemicals, and conduct a formal training program for employees.

Communication↗

[Hygienic principles of work organization for coal miners with different health status].

Based on the original analysis of the data pertaining to labour routes and the peculiarities of job-placement in mines, the article summaries the hygienic principles for job-placement of coal-miners and provides classification criteria for labour routes in mines. An expert analysis is provided of 146 professions and occupations in coal-mining for workers with different health states and labour ability conditions.

Coal Mining↗

Selected list of books and journals in allied health sciences.

This list of 453 books and 74 journals is intended as a selection guide to be used in a library supporting allied health educational programs or allied health personnel in either an academic or health care setting. Because of the impossibility of covering the large number and wide variety of allied health professions and occupations, the recommended publications are focused primarily on the twenty-six educational programs accredited by the Committee on Allied Health Education and Accreditation of the American Medical Association, plus physical therapy, dental allied health, medical secretarial, and nutrition programs. Books and journals are categorized by subject; the book list is followed by an author/editor index, and the subject list of journals by an alphabetical title listing. Items suggested for initial purchase (179 books and 29 journals) are indicated by asterisks. To purchase the entire collection of books and journals (1990 subscriptions) would require an expenditure of about $21,650. The cost of only the asterisked items totals $9,250.

Allied Health Personnel↗