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PubMed2003

[Identifying barriers to food and nutrition policies in Colombia: a study using the Delphi method].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the most important barriers to the development and progress of Colombia's National Food and Nutrition Plan (NFNP) (which was enacted in 1996), from the viewpoint of food and nutrition plan planners, implementers, and academicians. METHODS: The research was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of a pilot study in 1998 based on individual interviews with 35 key informants with knowledge of nutrition policies in Colombia, in order to identify possible groups of experts with experience in the development of the NFNP and also to confirm the relevance and feasibility of the research. The second stage consisted of a study using the Delphi method with 77 experts who identified the principal barriers that the NFNP was facing. In a second step in the Delphi process, 58 of the experts took the 10 barriers that had been mentioned most frequently in the first step and then ranked those barriers, using a point scale from 1 to 10. In order to analyze the individual responses overall and by the three groups (planners, implementers, and academicians), we calculated the mean, the median, and the standard deviation of the scores, and we then ranked the barriers according to their median point scores. When median values were the same, we then utilized the higher mean or the smaller standard deviation. We had meetings to discuss those results with the participating experts in order to assess the soundness of our interpretations, to explore the usefulness of the study, and to formulate recommendations. RESULTS: The five most important barriers identified were: (1) the poor linkage between the NFNP and other social and economic policies, and the lack of consistency with agriculture and foreign policies; (2) the lack of coordination between different sectors and administrative organizations in Colombia; (3) administrative corruption, which was made worse by violence and the lack of security; (4) inequity in the distribution of resources; and (5) the lack of continuity in the commitment by the different sectors that are involved. The experts who attended the sessions where the results were discussed said that their opinions had been interpreted correctly, and they also suggested possible ways to apply the study results and thus improve the operations of the NFNP. CONCLUSIONS: Food and nutrition policies in Colombia have faced various obstacles, both from outside sources and from within the policies themselves, which can limit their usefulness to society. There is need to create a coordinating body for the NFNP.

Colombia↗
PubMed1995

Mercury content in rat teeth after administration of organic and inorganic mercury. The effects of interrupted exposure and of selenite.

Rat molars are indicators of exposure concentration and target organ content in chronic mercury vapor exposure. We wished to study the accumulation and persistence of organic and inorganic mercury in rat teeth and the effect of selenium on mercury retention. Male Wistar rats received either inorganic or organic mercury (with or without addition of selenite), selenite only, or no mercury or selenite (controls) in the drinking water for 4 weeks. Group A was killed after exposure. Group B was killed 20 weeks later. The mercury content was measured by cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mercury content in the molars in group B was 66% and 77% less than in group A after inorganic and organic exposure, respectively. In the incisors the corresponding reductions were 90% and 97%. Selenite had limited effect on mercury retention in group A and none in group B. We suggest that rat molars and, by inference, human deciduous teeth may serve as indicators of organic and inorganic mercury exposure.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Increase in radiation resistance of an organism after administration of metabolic drug MR-33].

Original MP-33 metabolic drug has inductive action on intracellular levels of glutathione (GSH) and GSH-related enzymes (glutathione peroxidase-GPx, glutathione S-transferase-GST) of animals and human (liver, heart, erythrocytes). Treatment of Wistar male rats with MP-33 per os (6 mg/kg) 30 min before gamma-irradiation with a dose of 7 Gy results in 35% survival and increasing of mean life. In "mother-foetus" system the induction of intracellular level of GSH, GST and GPx by MP-33 leads to enhancement of foetus radioresistance. In contrast to MP-33 us of GSH (6 and 100 mg/kg) is not effective. Perspective of MP-33 us in relation to radioecological crisis is discussed.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗