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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Measurement of orthodontic appliance force using prototype sensors].

In introductory remarks the most important biomechanical principles, which are relevant for the research, and conditions which must be satisfied presented in intraoral measuring of orthodontic forces were pointed out. First the aim of the research was defined, and then the investigation of mechanical properties of acrylics as a material for orthodontic appliances were carried out. The type of strain gauges, bonds and measuring system configurations, as well as measuring amplifiers and recording instruments were discussed. Some of measuring sensors, their principles and applicability were discussed. The calibration apparatus was modified for the sensor developed, and the calibration results were analysed by means of statistical methods (linear regression). The behaviour of all used sensors were found to be linear, which enables their application and reduces the measuring results interpretation.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1981

Removable orthodontic appliances.

One of the goals of this article has been to emphasize the limitation of removable appliances. It is also stressed that if the right preconditions are present, the removable appliance is a tool that should be used by a general dentist as well as by the orthodontist. Interceptive treatment carried out with removable appliances at the correct time may save the patient from a more complicated treatment at a later stage. Minor tooth movements can often facilitate the fabrication of a bridgework and should therefore be included in reconstruction. It has been pointed out that the construction and design of the appliance may be of crucial importance. A careful treatment plan and detailed description of the appliance should therefore precede treatment.

Activator Appliances↗
PubMed1999

Discomfort caused by bonded lingual orthodontic appliances in adult patients as examined by retrospective questionnaire.

A retrospective questionnaire survey of 111 retention-period adult patients was performed to examine discomfort that may be caused by bonded lingual orthodontic appliances. Despite instructions to avoid or relieve the discomfort, 57% to 76% of patients complained of tongue soreness, difficulty in chewing fibrous food, difficulty in pronouncing the s and t sounds, and difficulty in tooth brushing after the bonding of lingual appliances; the levels were significantly higher than those undergoing edgewise labial treatment. Twenty percent to 44% of patients experienced high levels of the aforementioned discomfort. Although this discomfort decreased gradually with time, 20% to 46% of patients felt discomfort until after the removal of the lingual appliances. The ratio of tongue soreness and speech difficulty caused by upper lingual bracket application to lower lingual bracket application was almost equal. Rank correlation analyses revealed two things: the deeper the bite, the greater the level of tongue soreness, teeth pain and difficulty in chewing tough food; and the larger the overjet, the greater the level of tongue soreness.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Orthopedic effects with "conventional" fixed orthodontic appliances: a preliminary report.

This retrospective study involved sixty previously treated patients between the ages of 9 and 14 years, all of whom initially had Class II dental malocclusions. The primary purpose of the investigation was to determine whether orthodontic treatment with a specific round-wire edgewise technique (no extraoral forces) was simply producing dentoalveolar manipulations or was actually affecting measurable skeletal or orthopedic alterations in the craniofacial system. The mean linear changes before and after orthodontic treatment in the maxilla (Ar-ANS), mandible (Ar-PGN), and lower facial height (ANS-MN) were statistically compared with an untreated control group (the Burlington Growth Study). The study sample was analyzed selectively according to sex and also according to the angulation of the mandibular base to the anterior cranial base (the SNMP angle). Apparently, from the observations in this study, the particular edgewise technique employed for the orthodontic treatment of the sixty sample patients did statistically affect more than merely dentoalveolar alterations. The normal forward growth of the maxilla appeared to be hindered, the lower facial height was significantly increased (usually without an appreciable increase in the SNMP angle), and the mean increased growth of the mandible was also statistically significant. Admittedly not its primary purpose, this preliminary report appeared to at least indirectly compare, if not the actual treatment modalities, at least the treatment results between a specific fixed orthodontic appliance and certain removable "functional" appliances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The effect of fixed orthodontic appliances on the oral carriage of Candida species and Enterobacteriaceae.

The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the prevalence of Candida and Enterobacteriaceae in a group of adolescents during fixed orthodontic appliance (FOA) therapy. The experimental group was recruited from a larger sample of orthodontic patients who were clinically examined once to obtain baseline data before active treatment. The group comprised 27 subjects; 13 males, 14 females (mean age 15.5 +/- 2.3 years). Thereafter, the experimental group was examined three times during a 3 month follow-up period after insertion of the FOA. The whole mouth plaque score was obtained, and the oral cavity was then sampled for Candida species and Enterobacteriaceae using three different microbiological culture techniques, namely the oral rinse, pooled plaque and the imprint culture.A significant increase in candidal numbers was observed after FOA insertion when the imprint technique was used (P < 0.001), although the overall candidal prevalence rates obtained using the oral rinse and pooled plaque techniques did not demonstrate such a change. The predominant Candida species isolated was C. albicans and the number of coliform carriers significantly increased after the insertion of a FOA, as detected by the oral rinse (P < 0.05) and the pooled plaque (P < 0.05) techniques. In total, eight coliform species were isolated following FOA therapy compared with the three species isolated before insertion of the appliance. The results also revealed a significant increase in plaque index due to the introduction of a FOA. Taken together, these data imply that insertion of a FOA is likely to promote oral carriage of Candida and coliform species. Furthermore, it appears that routine oral hygiene instruction and information on appliance hygiene given to these patients may not necessarily reduce plaque accumulation and possible attendant effects. Further work with a larger cohort is required to confirm these findings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Effect of Cervitec varnish on the salivary Streptococcus mutans levels in the patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of a 1% chlorhexidine-containing varnish (Cervitec, Vivadent, Liechtenstein) on the levels of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances using the Dentocult-SM (Vivadent, Liechtenstein) technique for the microbiological investigation. Eighty subjects participated in the study and, divided randomly into two equal groups in which one group was treated with the placebo varnish (Vivadent, Liechtenstein) for negative controls. Streptococcus mutans in saliva of the subject was sampled and enumerated by using the Dentocult-SM dip-slide technique for periods of one, two four and twelve weeks after a single varnish application. The results were evaluated statistically. After the chlorhexidine containing varnish treatment the levels of Streptococcus mutans in saliva were significantly reduced after one week (p < 0.01) and continued reduction for one month (p < 0.05). After twelve weeks Streptococcus mutans levels in saliva were given a relative increase. No significant suppression was found in the placebo group (p > 0.05). The results suggested that Cervitec varnish reduces salivary Streptococcus mutans levels and that the application should be repeated every 3 months to get antibacterial effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Developments in fixed orthodontic appliances].

The Edgewise system and the Begg technique were until the early 1970's two of the most familiar and well-known fixed appliance techniques in orthodontics. During the following years they both underwent some slight adaptations that were generally based on more straightforward biomechanics. These changes have led to what in recent years is called the 'Straight Wire technique'. The latter claims to be the treatment option of choice based on preadjusted appliances and preformed arch wires. Besides biomechanics, treatment tools also concentrated on esthetics. It resulted in the development of smaller brackets as well as tooth coloured ones made from polycarbonates or ceramics. Finally lingual orthodontics starts to play a more important role in the orthodontic treatment options for the new millennium.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

SEM-evaluation of enamel surfaces after removal of fixed orthodontic appliances.

PURPOSE: To determine where, and how severe, the enamel surfaces were damaged by the removal of fixed orthodontic appliances, and whether the damage showed any change after 12 months. METHODS: 284 teeth of 13 patients after orthodontic treatment were examined. Brackets had been bonded on incisors, cuspids and premolars, while first molars were banded. Replicas of the teeth were made immediately after the removal of the brackets and adhesive, and again 1 year later. SEM photographs at a magnification of x10 were taken of all of the labial enamel surfaces. Using a computer, a grid with 3 x 3 rectangles was superimposed onto the photographs. In every rectangle, at a magnification of x50, damage caused by debonding was graded with an index. RESULTS: Moderate to heavy damage on the enamel surface was detected in 44% of all rectangles. More than 88% of all rectangles exhibiting damage showed no sign of improvement after 12 months. The more distal a tooth was in the dental arch, the more serious the damages turned out to be. More than 88% of the teeth had visible grooves in the line angle and/or cervical area, which must have been caused by tungsten carbide burs. In general, it was obvious that the middle of the labial surface, where the bracket was fixed, was not the area most affected, but rather the approximal and cervical borders.

Dental Enamel↗