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Results for “Object Attachment”
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Prenatal and postnatal attachment: a modest correlation.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a correlation exists between prenatal and postnatal attachment. DESIGN: Prospective, correlational study with data collected during the second half of pregnancy and again 1-2 months after delivery. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred twenty-eight women were recruited from childbirth education classes. The women were generally young, white, well educated, married, and employed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Prenatal Attachment Inventory (PAI) was used to measure attachment before birth. The Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI), the How I Feel About my Baby Now Scale, and the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale were used to measure attachment after birth. RESULTS: One hundred ninety-six women completed all the measures. A correlation was found between PAI and MAI scores (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A correlation between prenatal and postnatal attachment was found. However, the modest size of the correlation indicated that other factors also influenced postnatal scores. Thus, caution should be exercised when promoting increased prenatal attachment in hopes of improving postnatal attachment.
Loss as a metaphor for attachment.
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Predictive implications of individual differences in attachment.
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[Home: a dying patient's attachment to the home].
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Treasured objects in school-aged children.
Infants and young children often from tenacious, persistent attachments to soft objects. No investigation has focused, specifically, on an older school-aged population. Data were collected from parents of 171 normal children between 9 and 13 years of age from the middle to upper socioeconomic class. The study (1) compared current behavioral characteristics of children with or without a history of attachment; (2) compared the current behavioral characteristics of the children who have or have not maintained that attachment; (3) explored the relationship between parental attitudes and the persistence or disappearance of the object; and (4) explored family demographics and object use among siblings. Approximately half (54%) had formed an attachment to an object in infancy. Of the group of "users" approximately half kept it until age 9 years (49%). There were no significant behavioral differences among those children who were or were not attached to an object, or among those children who continued to use a soft object after age 9 years compared to those who never used one at all. Parents felt they had little to do, directly, with their child's relinquishing the object. Sibling use, the number of siblings, ordinal rank of the child, parents' marital status, sex of the child, and history of thumb-sucking were all unrelated to object attachment.
Attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts to 3 different root-end filling materials: Scanning electron microscope observation.
OBJECTIVE: The attachment behavior of the human periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts to root-end filling materials (amalgam and Super-EBA) was compared in vitro to gutta-percha by means of scanning electron microscope. STUDY DESIGN: Amalgam and Super-EBA were placed in a prepared cavity of root slices of freshly extracted human teeth and evaluated freshly prepared. Root slices of teeth with cold-burnished gutta-percha filling with AH26 sealer were used for comparison. The root slices were placed in tissue culture cluster, and 1 mL of cell suspension was added carefully over the root slice. They were incubated at 37 degrees C and 100% humidity for 4, 24, and 72 hours. RESULTS: Results showed that the cold-burnished gutta-percha provides a better substrate than amalgam and Super-EBA for cell growth and attachment. Amalgam was the most toxic material, showing early manifestation of cell injury. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the composition and surface texture of the substrate have an influence on the morphology and the attachment of the PDL fibroblasts. It is suggested that cell attachment and morphology might reflect the biocompatibility of the substratum.
Children's use of transitional objects during daily separations from significant caregivers.
Attachment behaviors of 105 toddlers were observed as the children separated from significant caregiver(s) at child care. Analysis indicated that children attached to a transitional object and using the object when separating engaged in ritualistic touching behaviors directed at a variety of targets. Results lend some support to the notion of transitional objects facilitating separation and reducing anxiety in mildly stressful situations.
Relations between children's attachments to their mothers and to security blankets.
Are attachments to security objects and mothers related? Do children securely and insecurely attached to mothers use security blankets differently? Following the Strange Situation procedure (M. D. S. Ainsworth, M. C. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978), 67 toddlers were left alone in a novel playroom with a stranger and their blanket. Although being blanket attached was unrelated to their security of attachment to mothers, avoidantly and securely attached children adjusted differently depending on their blanket attachments. Blanket-attached children also classified as avoidantly attached to mothers remained longer than did blanket-nonattached maternally avoidant, blanket-attached maternally secure, and blanket- blanketnonattached maternally secure children. Blanket-attached, maternally avoidant children may nonattached have relied on blankets as support to allay distress during separation. Availability of security blankets produces different adaptations to maternal separations among avoidantly and securely attached children.
The psychodynamics of fantasy, addiction, and addictive attachments.
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Personality correlates of adult attachment style.
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Correlates of maternal-fetal attachment.
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[Emotional attachment in children].
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On the nature and consequences of early loss.
OBJECTIVE: To describe how an animal model system can be used to explore basic questions about the nature of loss and the effects of early loss on later vulnerability to disease. METHOD: The physiological and behavioral responses of infant rats to separation from their mothers are first described and then analyzed experimentally into component mechanisms. RESULTS: These studies have revealed an extensive layer of processes underlying the psychological constructs generally used to understand the response to loss. Hidden within the observable interactions of parent and offspring, we found a number of discrete sensorimotor, thermal, and nutrient-based events that have unexpected long-term regulatory effects on specific components of infant physiology and behavior. Release from all of these inhibitory and excitatory regulators together during maternal separation constitutes a novel mechanism by which the experience of loss can be translated into a complex patterned response. Evidence for early regulatory processes has also been found in monkey and human mother-infant interactions. Here they may well constitute the building blocks from which attachment and object representations develop. We and others have found long-term effects of loss, and of selective replacement of regulators, on behavioral development and on later vulnerability to disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results give us a new understanding of early attachment as a developmental force and of human grief as a risk to health.