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Results for “PERIPHLEBITIS”

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PubMed1981

Fundus changes in histologically confirmed sarcoidosis.

We reviewed the clinical features, natural history and visual prognosis of 26 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis. Compatible chest x-ray changes were found in 75% of patients. Periphlebitis was the commonest fundus feature. Disc changes were seen in a substantial number of patients, and the condition can present as unilateral disc oedema. The disease seems primarily to involve equatorial retinal veins, and occlusions of a hemisphere branch vein or central retinal vein did not occur. Changes in the subretinal pigment epithelium were noted in a substantial number of patients but did not produce visual morbidity, and these patients seemed to have less florid periphlebitis than others. The disease has a low visual morbidity unless neovascularisation develops; the treatment of this remains controversial.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

A point prevalence study of 150 patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis: 1. Diagnostic value of ophthalmological features.

This paper describes the ophthalmological features of 150 patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, 67 of whom had isolated retinal vasculitis (RV) and 83 had RV associated with systemic inflammatory disease (RV + SID). The diagnosis of retinal vasculitis was made by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography, and patients with any identifiable cause (infection, ischaemia, or malignancy) were excluded from the study. Patients with isolated RV tended to have peripheral vascular sheathing, macular oedema, and diffuse capillary leakage. Those with RV accompanying Behçet's disease often had branch vein retinal occlusions and retinal infiltrates together with macular oedema and diffuse capillary leakage; the retinal infiltrates were pathognomonic for Behçet's disease. In sarcoidosis the retina typically showed features of periphlebitis associated with focal vascular leakage. Patients with uveomeningitis, multiple sclerosis, arthritis, or systemic vasculitis showed diffuse retinal capillary leakage associated with a mixture of the other features. Poor visual function was particularly associated with macular oedema and branch vein retinal occlusion, while the retina appeared to 'withstand' the impact of vascular sheathing, periphlebitis, or neovascularisation alone. Within the limitations of a point prevalence study it was concluded that different patterns of retinal vasculitis occur in different systemic inflammatory diseases, and that in isolated retinal vasculitis there is a particular association between peripheral vascular sheathing, macular oedema, and diffuse capillary leakage. In Part 2 we describe the results of examining the sera of these patients for the presence of antiretinal antibodies and circulating immune complexes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Elevated serum IL-8 levels are associated with disease activity in idiopathic intermediate uveitis.

AIM: To find a laboratory indicator for systemic involvement in intermediate uveitis. METHODS: Interleukin 8 (IL-8) and C reactive protein (CRP) serum levels were measured in patients with idiopathic intermediate uveitis (n = 61), uveitis controls (n = 143), and normal controls (n = 29). The records of those with intermediate uveitis were reviewed with the emphasis on disease activity and severity as characterised by the presence of cystoid macular oedema, vitreous exudates or snowbank formation, papillitis, and periphlebitis. RESULTS: Increased serum IL-8 (> or = 20 pg/ml) was found in 27 out of 61 patients with intermediate uveitis (p < 0.01), 12 of 27 patients with sarcoid uveitis (p < 0.05), in 19 of 30 patients with HLA-B27 associated acute anterior uveitis (p < 0.05), and in five of 29 healthy controls. Raised IL-8 levels in intermediate uveitis were significantly associated with active disease (p < 0.001) and the presence of vitreous exudates (p < 0.001), papillitis, and periphlebitis (p < 0.01). Elevated CRP levels were found in 12 of the 143 uveitis controls but in none of the intermediate uveitis patients or normal controls. During follow up an associated systemic disease was more frequently noticed in patients with an elevated serum IL-8 at entry into the study. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated IL-8 serum levels were found in patients with active intermediate uveitis of unknown origin. An elevated IL-8 level seems to predispose the patient to a later development of associated systemic disease.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Full panretinal photocoagulation and early vitrectomy improve prognosis of retinal vasculitis associated with tuberculoprotein hypersensitivity (Eales' disease).

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Eales' disease is an uncommon vasoproliferative retinal disease affecting otherwise healthy young men that is characterised by obliterative retinal periphlebitis, with sequelae such as recurrent vitreous haemorrhage and traction retinal detachment. This study was undertaken to determine whether visual prognosis of Eales' disease could be improved by appropriate medical and surgical treatment. METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied 30 patients (46 eyes) who were treated from 1992 to 2001. Recorded data included patient age, sex, race, medical history, medications, results of the ophthalmological examination, results of diagnostic laboratory evaluation, and details of systemic and surgical treatments. The mean follow up was 10.6 months. RESULTS: 19 patients (23 eyes) who presented with active periphlebitis received systemic steroids and antituberculous therapy. Extensive full panretinal photocoagulation was performed in 21 eyes that presented with new vessel formation and peripheral capillary closure with or without vitreous haemorrhage. Vitrectomy and endolaser panretinal photocoagulation was necessary in 15 eyes, for severe non-clearing vitreous haemorrhage in 11 eyes and vitreous haemorrhage with traction retinal detachment in four eyes. Complete regression of the disease was achieved in all eyes. Vitrectomy resulted in a significant visual improvement with 14 of the 15 eyes (93.3%) achieving > or =20/200 visual acuity. Overall, the distribution of visual acuities among eyes improved from presentation to final follow up, with 36.4% of eyes having 20/40 or better acuity at presentation compared with 63.6% of eyes by final follow up. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that aggressive treatment of Eales' disease with systemic steroids and antituberculous therapy, full panretinal photocoagulation and early vitrectomy, when necessary, may result in improving the anatomic and visual outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Vascular irritability study of montirelin hydrate (NS-3) injection in rabbits].

A vascular irritability study of montirelin hydrate (NS-3) injection, a new drug for the treatment of disturbance of consciousness, was conducted in Japanese white rabbits. The concentration of montirelin hydrate was 4 mg/ml. Saline and 0.75% acetic acid were used as negative and positive control, respectively. In a part of the ear vein, 0.05 ml of each compound was allowed to remain for 3 min after intravenous injections once a day for 8 days. Inflammation in peri-venous region and thrombus were macroscopically observed in injection sites of rabbits with the montirelin hydrate injection group. However, no changes were seen with the negative control group. Histopathological examination revealed periphlebitis, desquamation of endothelial cells and thrombus in rabbits given montirelin hydrate injection or saline. But incidence and degree of periphlebitis caused by montirelin hydrate injection were higher than those caused by saline. On the other hand, the irritating changes caused by 0.75% acetic acid were severer than those by montirelin hydrate injection. These results show that montirelin hydrate injection has a very weak vascular irritability in the ear of rabbits.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

[The intermediate uveitis with systemic symptoms: a case report].

The case of 26-year old male patient with typical clinical intermediate uveitis (vitritis, periphlebitis) with accompanying leucopenia, bradycardia and demyelination focal areas in brain of unknown etiology is presented. The asymptomatic periphlebitis was also found in the eyes of his twin brothers (30 years old) and sister (20 years old).

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Retinal vascularization in sarcoidosis].

OBJECTIVES: To describe the characteristics of retinal vasculitis related to sarcoidosis, and to study the radio-clinical findings of sarcoidosis in case of retinal vasculitis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 33 cases of retinal vasculitis associated with sarcoidosis. Our patients had a complete ophthalmological examination and a systematic fluorescein angiography was performed. Recorded data included clinical, biological and radiological evaluation of sarcoidosis. RESULTS: Retinal vasculitis were and remained asymptomatic in almost a third of the patients (n = 10). In 11 patients (33%) a decreased visual acuity of more than 3 lines was observed. Periphlebitis was observed in all cases, and 75.7% were of non ischemic forms. Thirty patients out of 33 (90.9%) were treated with systemic steroids in whom 17 were treated for ophthalmological reasons. The presence of anterior or posterior uveitis, more than one attack of vasculitis, and significant hyalitis were statistically associated with visual acuity decrease. Ninety percent of patients regained their initial visual acuity, only three patients at the end of the medical follow-up remained with a visual acuity below or equal to 2/10. Thirty one patients (91%) presented with mediastinal and pulmonary signs concordant with sarcoidosis on chest x-rays. Extrapulmonary localisations were common in case of retinal vasculitis (91% of patients). CONCLUSION: Retinal vasculitis associated with sarcoidosis are often asymptomatic. In most cases, there are bilateral, non ischaemic periphlebitis. They seem to have a relatively better prognosis than in other etiologies of vasculitis and they are part of an evolutive multisystemic sarcoidosis. Most of the time treatment with systemic steroids was indicated for ophthalmological or extra ophthalmological reasons.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2006

[The reevaluation of categorization for ocular manifestation of sarcoidosis in the "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis"].

PURPOSE: To increase the degree of specificity for nomenclature in the current "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis" published in 1990 by the Diffuse Pulmonary Disease Research Committee of Japan. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of patients with uveitis from the Uveitis Clinic in the Department of Ophthalmology at Yokohama City University. Subjects were selected from the records of uveitis patients with histologically proven sarcoidosis (78), and others with non-sarcoidosis uveitis (81). We examined the sensitivity and specificity of suspected characteristics of ocular sarcoidosis in the current "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis". RESULTS: The definition specificity was improved by changing anterior uveitis to granulomatous anterior uveitis, and by simplifying to cloudy mass (snowball, string of pearls) from the previous diffused/cloudy mass vitreous opacity (snowball, string of pearls), and also by changing from retinal peripheral vasculitis (in many cases retinal periphlebitis, also at times retinal peripheral arteritis) to retinal periphlebitis. CONCLUSION: This newly proposed "Guidelines for Diagnosis of Ocular Sarcoidosis" gives a much clearer definition of sarcoidosis, as well as improved nomenclature for specific categories of ocular symptoms.

Eye Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sclerosis and diseases of autoimmune or related origin.

Medical records of three series of clinically probable multiple sclerosis (MS), consisting of 54, 180 and 51 patients, were screened for past or present coexisted disorders in which autoimmune mechanisms are believed to play a role. The comparison showed that idiopathic optic neuritis and chronic retinitis juxtapapillaris were significantly more frequent among MS patients than in control populations. One case of severe periphlebitis retinae and another one of myasthenia gravis-like syndrome were also encountered in MS population but lacked comparable control groups. This is consistent with data suggesting that MS was associated so far with four autoimmune disorders. They either possibly shared with MS common etiopathogenesis (idiopathic optic neuritis, peripheral demyelinating neuropathy), formed extending component of the perivenous inflammatory process (periphlebitis retinae) or belonged to the HLA linkage group (hypocomplementaemia C3).

Adult↗

PubMed1989

[Vitreous hemorrhage and neovascular proliferation in multiple sclerosis].

We report the case of a 40 year-old man with multiple sclerosis, who presented a bilateral proliferative retinopathy responsible for a vitreous hemorrhage. Examination of the periphery of the retina showed diffuse retinal periphlebitis; fluorescein angiograms showed a peripheral retinal ischemic syndrome with secondary neovascularization. Several recent studies have show that retinal periphlebitis is a frequent finding in multiple sclerosis; but to our knowledge a retinal ischemic syndrome with neovascularization has seldom been reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Ultrasonographic findings of perivascular jugular vein diseases in cattle].

Ultrasonographic examinations were used to characterise and describe perivascular changes of the jugular vein like abscess, hematoma and periphlebitis. Well circumscribed masses with irregular, multiple, hypoechogenic areas, corresponding to fluids and necrotic tissues, suggested an abscess. A fresh hematoma, adjacent to the wall of the vein was shown as a clearly delineated structure with a hyperechogenic content. Cases with periphlebitis were characterised by a diffuse anechoic accumulation of fluids infiltrating the perivascular tissue. The diagnoses were proven by needle aspiration biopsy using ultrasound control.

Abscess↗

PubMed1975

Retinal periarteritis secondary to syphilis.

A 43-year-old black woman showed ophthalmoscopic evidence of retinal arteriolitis two weeks after being treated for uniocular panuveitis. Angiographic examination suggested that these deposits were not intraluminal or endothelial atherosclerotic emboli or plaques, but were deposits in the outer walls of retinal arterioles. Sequential ophthalmoscopic and angiographic examinations at one-month intervals for 12 months showed no progression or change in location of these deposits. Results of clinical and laboratory investigations suggested the diagnosis of syphilis. We believe it is rare for syphilitic infection to be implicated in the diagnosis of isolated retinal arteriolitis without periphlebitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Differential effect of Bordetella pertussis on experimental posterior uveitis in the black-hooded Lister rat.

The effect of an additional adjuvant, Bordetella pertussis, on the clinical and histopathologic features of experimental autoimmune uveitis in black-hooded Lister rats was investigated. Disease was induced by a single footpad injection of purified retinal S-antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant. In those animals that did not receive B Pertussis the clinical features were those of a retinal vasculitis with disc edema, periphlebitis, and deep retinal infiltrates. In contrast, animals that received B pertussis developed lesions in the pigment epithelium and choroid. Histopathologic studies disclosed focal photoreceptor necrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration in both groups of animals. However, in the group that did not receive B pertussis the disease was predominantly a retinitis associated with perivascular infiltration of retinal vessels, whereas in the group that did receive B pertussis the main feature was a focal choroiditis, with superficial retinal lesions being rarely observed. Retinal photoreceptors were the target tissue in both groups of rats, but the route by which they were damaged was altered from predominantly retinal to choroidal by the addition of Bordetella pertussis as an adjuvant. This change may be ascribed to the ability of B pertussis toxin to sensitize vascular endothelium to local mast cell products, these cells being plentiful around choroidal vessels but absent in the retinal circulation.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1982

Dye laser in ophthalmic disease.

From September 1978 to May 1980, dye lasers have been used in the treatment of 56 cases of eye disease (60 eyes), including among others peripheral retinal breaks, macular breaks, prebreak stage degeneration, congenital iris residual membrane, incomplete surgical iridectomy, secondary glaucoma iris bombé, closed-angle glaucoma, vireous hemorrhage, periphlebitis retinae, Coats disease, thrombosis of central and branch retinal vein. Most of the results are satisfactory. Dye laser irradiation has the advantage in iridotomy. Only one pulse can perforate the iris and no serious complication has been encountered. There is a definite therapeutic effect in treatment of vitreous hemorrhage by dye laser.

Coloring Agents↗

PubMed1986

Sixteen cases of uveitis associated with sarcoidosis.

In 210 cases of uveitis sixteen were associated with sarcoidosis. All patients had bilateral involvement and thirteen patients had a panuveitis. Ophthalmic and systemic findings in these patients are described and compared with the literature. Nine patients were not known to have sarcoidosis previously; seven of these presented with the typical signs for sarcoidosis, such as periphlebitis with 'candle wax' exudates and/or small chorioretinal lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a hyperviscosity manifestation of venous stasis retinopathy.

Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is characterized by hyperviscosity. This is usually the result of an increased serum concentration of IgM molecules; this paraprotein has a high molecular weight and unusual shape. The changes in shear rate associated with increased IgM concentrations produces maximal viscosity in the venous circulation. One of the major causes of retinal venous occlusion is venous stasis retinopathy. The typical patient with this disorder is a young individual with a periphlebitis.. However, the hyperviscosity in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia is an ideal representative of a venous stasis that is without associated vascular pathology. To illustrate this situation, two cases are described and their etiologic features are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Combined central retinal artery-central vein obstruction.

The cases of 23 patients with unilateral combined central retinal artery-central retinal vein obstruction are described. Criteria for the abnormality included: a history of relatively sudden visual loss; superficial retinal whitening in the posterior pole in combination with a cherry spot; and intraretinal blood, generally associated with dilated and/or tortuous retinal veins. In five instances (22%) the obstructions developed after retrobulbar injection. Among the 21 patients with followup for at least 6 months, or until the onset of neovascularization of the iris, 17 (81%) developed rubeosis iridis. Late histopathology was obtained in two eyes. Hemorrhagic necrosis of the retina was observed in some areas of the posterior pole and attenuation of the inner retinal layers, similar to that seen with late central retinal artery obstruction, was noted elsewhere. Periphlebitis of the central retinal vein within the optic nerve was found in each case.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Fundus pathology in neurosarcoidosis.

We describe the ocular symptomatology in 6 patients with neurosarcoidosis. All patients suffered from uveitis posterior or panuveitis. Ophthalmoscopy revealed multifocal chorioretinic lesions, periphlebitis, severe papilledema or an isolated chorioretinic process. The similarity with birdshot chorioretinopathy is described. Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, computer assisted tomography and visual field examination can all contribute to the determination of neurological involvement in sarcoidosis.

Adolescent↗