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PubMed1950

Craniopharyngiomas.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Craniopharyngioma↗
PubMed1990

Regulation of prolactin gene expression in a DMBA-estrogen-induced transplantable rat pituitary tumor.

A new transplantable rat pituitary tumor was induced in F344 female rats with dimethylbenz(a)anthracene and estrogen (MtT/F-DMBA) and studied for 20 serial transplant generations. The tumor grew without estrogen supplements in female rats by the second transplant generation. Sensitivity to estrogens, as indicated by a prolonged latency period for tumor development, was seen at the 20th, but not the 5th transplant generation. MtT/F-DMBA tumors expressed prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) mRNAs. A decrease in the percentage of cells expressing PRL mRNA, PRL protein, and in the number of secretory granules per cell occurred with serial transplantation. S-100 protein-positive folliculostellate cells were present in the hyperplastic pituitary but not in the transplantable tumors. Estrogen treatment at the 20th transplant generation prolonged the tumor latency period, increased the number of cells expressing PRL mRNA greater than 5-fold by in situ hybridization analysis (14 +/- 2% versus 77 +/- 5%), increased PRL secretion (132 +/- 40 ng/ml versus 3762 +/- 890 ng/ml), and increased the number of cytoplasmic secretory granules per cell. These results indicate that hyperplastic pituitary and true pituitary neoplasms differ in their ability to grow readily after transplantation. The presence of S-100 protein-positive folliculostellate cells, which are present in hyperplastic but not in neoplastic pituitary tissues, may serve as a morphologic marker to separate hyperplastic and neoplastic rat pituitary tissues. Transplantable tumors remained responsive to estrogen with expression of a more differentiated phenotype, including an increased number of cells expressing PRL mRNA and increased numbers of PRL secretory granules.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Imaging in pituitary tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis of the pituitary gland is extremely uncommon and may masquerade as a nonfunctional pituitary neoplasm. We describe imaging findings in three patients with pituitary tuberculosis and review the pattern of involvement and importance of imaging in its management. An accurate diagnosis was found to be important in these cases as antituberculous chemotherapy was curative.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Practical value of new knowledge on the structure and function of pituitary adenomas].

The usual classification of pituitary adenomas into eosinophilic, basophilic, and chromophobe types is no longer sufficient to correlate the histologic findings with the increasing number of clinical syndromes described in recent years. Some histologic forms are observed in several clinical syndromes, whereas some clinical entities may be caused by several histologic types. A new classification is mandatory. Recent endocrine, ultrastructural and histo-immunologic research has shown that the endocrine inactive adenoma, which has usually been related to the "chromophobe" adenoma, represents only a small group of the pituitary neoplasms. A more critical evaluation shows that 3 out of 4 patients present clinical or endocrine signs and findings of increased hormone secretion. Several authors have therefore suggested that pituitary adenomas be classified according to their secretory characteristics, which can be determined either by clinical and endocrine examination or by immunohistology and electron microscopy. Abnormally increased hormone secretion allows early detection of the neoplasm when the remaining normal gland is still able to recover its normal function and the endocrine symptoms therefore are fully reversible. The therapy of pituitary adenomas must normalize the hormone hypersecretion without causing new endocrine deficits, and must at the same time reverse neurological compression symptoms. The treatment may be either surgical excision, irradiation, medical inhibition of abnormal secretion, substitution of insufficient hormones or a combination of these methods. The prognosis of the endocrine symptoms is significantly better in small adenomas and full restoration of sexual function is even observed in an increasing number of patients.

Acromegaly↗