[Steroid hormones of rat adrenal glands: analysis of 18-hydroxycorticosteroids by gas-liquid chromatography, mass spectrum analysis and mass fragmentation].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adrenal Glands↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “PROST”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The in vitro metabolism of estrone and estradiol-17 beta and their 3-sulfates by the renal tissues from pregnant and female fetal guinea-pigs.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase activities in guinea-pig uterus and liver: estrogenic effect of estrone sulfate.
Estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) sulfatase activities were studied in the uterus and liver of female guinea-pigs (albino variety). The two activities were found in particulates, with the highest specific activity in microsomes. The effects of pH, buffers, temperature and the non-competitive inhibition of DHA sulfate on estrone sulfatase provided arguments for the existence of two distinct sulfatases. However, acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the solubilized microsome sulfatases gave a single peak for the two activities. In the uterus, the apparent Km of estrone and DHA sulfatases were 26.4 and 15.6 microM. Solubilized microsomal estrone sulfatase was inhibited by unconjugated steroids. The apparent Km of estrone sulfatase in liver was 10.7 microM. Estrone and DHA sulfatase activities were consistently lower in liver than in uterus and no DHA sulfatase activity was detected in fetal liver. In the uterus, the same sulfatase activities were found in female fetuses, castrated or mature females. Estrone sulfatase was significantly increased in the uterus of pregnant females (60-65 days gestation). Estrone sulfate was injected in vivo into mature castrated females. A significant increase in uterine weight and in uterine progesterone receptors was observed. The cytosol progesterone receptors were characterized by their Kd (1.40 nM) and by sucrose density gradient. It is concluded that the variations of estrone sulfatase activity in target tissues like the uterus may control the intracellular levels of biologically active estrogens.
Animals↗
Variations in the prevalence and intensity of microfilarial infections by age, sex, place and time in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme.
Epidemiological data gathered by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme from 66 villages in West Africa have been analysed. All of these villages were surveyed twice and 10 a third time. The first surveys were conducted around the time when control activities started and provide baseline data against which to assess the effectiveness of control. The second and third surveys were conducted two to five years later. 18,778 persons were registered in the first surveys and 15,783 (84.1%) were examined for microfilariae. The prevalence of microfilarial infection was higher among males, increased rapidly with age in both sexes until about 25 years and levelled off at about 90% in males and 85% in females. The age-sex adjusted prevalence rates in different villages varied from 5% to 93% but were above 60% in three quarters of the villages. After two to five years of control there was an over-all fall in the prevalence of infection of about 4 to 5% a year. Among children born since control started, only seven of 1871 examined were found to be infected with microfilariae compared to an expected number of 79, had there been no change in prevalence rates.
Adolescent↗
Relationships between mortality, visual acuity and microfilarial load in the area of the Onchocerciasis Control Programme.
The relationships between onchocercal infection, visual acuity and mortality have been examined using epidemiological data gathered by the Onchocerciasis Control Programme from 66 villages in West Africa. All of these villages were surveyed at least twice. 18,778 persons were registered at the first surveys which were conducted around the time when control activities started. The second surveys were conducted two to five years later. 14,961 persons (79.7%) were alive and registered again, 786 (4.2%) had died, 2776 (14.8%) had moved and 255 (1.4%) could not be traced. The prevalence of blindness and of visual damage other than blindness both increased markedly with age, and the degree of visual damage was strongly associated with level of microfilarial infection. Among adults, the prevalence of blindness was higher for males than for females at all ages. The prevalence and intensity of microfilarial infection were also higher among males but this was not sufficient to explain their excess blindness. Logistic regression analysis showed that males were 1.5 times more likely to be blind than females of the same age and same level of microfilarial infection. The presence of visual damage at the first survey considerably increased the risk of mortality between the first and second surveys for both males and females. Mortality rates were three to four times higher among the blind and about 1.5 times higher among those with visual damage other than blindness compared with those with no visual damage. There was some evidence, for males but not for females, that mortality was also directly related to microfilarial load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adolescent↗
The burden of blindness in adult males in the savanna villages of West Africa exposed to onchocerciasis.
Cross-sectional surveys for the prevalence of blindness in West African savanna villages misrepresent the actual burden which blindness imposes on communities. High mortality in the blind, resulting in a shorter life expectancy as compared to non-blind, is associated with high incidence rates and with a rapid turn-over in the blind population. Data collected in Burkina Faso indicate that, in hyperendemic villages, 46% of males and 35% of females aged 15 are likely to become blind before they die. Respective rates in mesoendemic villages are 14% in males and 9.8% in females. The results presented in this paper reinforce the conclusion that blindness, especially onchocerciasis associated blindness, is of greater social and economic significance than usually estimated.
Adolescent↗
Steroid sulfatase activities in normal and cirrhotic livers and plasma levels of estrone sulfate, estrone and estradiol-17 beta in men.
Estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfatases were studied in livers of normal and cirrhotic men. Their Km were 3.2 microM and 1.2 microM respectively. The microsomal sulfatases were solubilized by Miranol H2M and ultrasound. After gel filtration, the soluble material gave a single peak of activity for both substrates with a molecular weight of approximately 330,000. In terms of pmol of product.min-1 per mg of fresh tissue, the mean (+/- SD) values of estrone and DHEA sulfatase activities were lower in cirrhotic livers [(n = 7) (4.09 +/- 2.90 and 0.38 +/- 0.20)] than in normal livers [(n = 13)(8.29 +/- 4.00 and 0.69 +/- 0.20)]. The differences were statistically significant : p less than 0.03 for estrone sulfatase and p less than 0.01 for DHEA sulfatase. In cirrhotic men, the mean level of plasma estrone is increased whereas that of estrone sulfate is decreased. The variations may be related to the decrease of serum albumin in cirrhotic subjects.
Adult↗
Cyclocryotherapy for glaucoma. Evaluation of techniques.
Clinical results of cyclocryotherapy reported by various authors have been contradictory. This is partly due to considerable differences in technique. In this paper, details of the technique of cyclocryotherapy are reviewed in order to determine the most effective protocol of treatment. Parameters such as temperature, duration, probe placement, diameter of the tip, pressure exerted on sclera, extent of ciliary body freezing, additional cyclocryotherapy and preparation of patient for treatment are discussed.
Animals↗
Binding of an anti D dimer monoclonal antibody to endotoxin-activated monocytes. Demonstration by immunogold-silver staining.
Blood monocytes exposed to a variety of stimuli, of which endotoxin is a potent one, produce and express on their membrane a procoagulant activity (PCA) which can trigger the formation of pericellular fibrin. We have developed an immunogold silver method using a monoclonal anti-D dimer antibody to detect the presence of crosslinked fibrin in derivatives on the monocyte membrane. The in vitro PCA of endotoxin-stimulated monocyte was shown to correlate significantly with the number of D dimer-positive monocytes. We suggest that this method could be used to identify activated monocytes expressing increased PCA.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Monocyte procoagulant activity and membrane-associated D dimer after knee replacement surgery.
We have recently shown that monocyte membrane-associated cross-linked fibrin derivatives (D dimer) can be evidenced by immunogold staining. Using this method, the procoagulant activity (PCA) expressed in vitro by endotoxin-stimulated monocytes has been found to correlate significantly with the number of D dimer-positive monocytes. The incidence of postoperative thrombosis in patients undergoing total knee replacement has been reported by Stulberg et al to be 57%. Since monocytes can play a role, via increased PCA, in the activation of intravascular coagulation, we sought to determine the level of monocyte PCA ex vivo after knee replacement surgery and its possible correlation with the number of D dimer-positive monocytes. Finally, we examined the possible link between these modifications and the occurrence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The PCA expressed by monocytes with or without suboptimal stimulation, the number of D dimer-positive monocytes and the plasma level of D dimer were measured pre- and post-operatively in 11 patients undergoing total knee replacement. Phlebography was performed on day 10 after surgery. A significant increase in the PCA of stimulated monocytes was observed on day 10 after surgery. Moreover, both the number of D dimer-positive monocytes and the plasma level of D dimer increased significantly post-operatively. The number of D dimer-positive monocytes correlated with both monocyte PCA and the plasma D dimer level. The relation between these parameters is discussed. However, neither monocyte PCA nor the number of D dimer-positive monocytes was found to correlate with the occurrence of deep vein thrombosis.
Adult↗
One-tube versus two-step amplification of RNA transcripts using polymerase chain reaction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem in children: a new disease?
BACKGROUND: We have examined 18 children with a similar laterothoracic exanthem that appears to represent a distinct entity. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe the characteristic signs and clinical course of this eruption and its epidemiology data. METHODS: We observed the clinical course of the eruption in each child. RESULTS: The eruption has characteristic features. It occurs in a homogeneous age group (mean 23.3 months). It is initially unilateral and localized close to the axilla. The basic lesion is eczematous or scarlatiniform. The eruption evolves in two phases: it spreads centrifugally during the first 8 days and becomes more widespread on the tenth to fifteenth days, with predominant involvement on the half of the body initially affected. The lesions resolve spontaneously within 4 weeks. The long-term course is uneventful. CONCLUSION: The similarity of the cases suggests the existence of a new clinical entity. Many features favor a viral origin.
Axilla↗
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in a 3 1/2-year-old girl.
A 3 1/2-year-old girl had a subepidermal bullous eruption with immunopathologic features that were consistent with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita or bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. This report highlights the difficulty encountered in distinguishing between epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and other bullous disorders that involve the dermoepidermal junction and the need for modern immunologic investigations in the diagnosis of bullous diseases in children.
Child, Preschool↗
Localized pretibial pemphigoid and pemphigoid nodularis.
We describe a 75-year-old woman with a chronic, blistering eruption on the left leg whose clinical and immunopathologic features were consistent with a diagnosis of localized pretibial pemphigoid. After a disease-free interval of 5 years she developed a generalized prurigo nodularis-like eruption. Immunofluorescence studies revealed deposition of IgG and C3 along the dermoepidermal junction, and circulating autoantibodies against the dermoepidermal junction were demonstrated. Indirect immunoelectron microscopic examination of saponin-treated skin samples showed deposits of immunoreactants over the intracellular part of the hemidesmosomes. By Western immunoblotting the 230 kd bullous pemphigoid antigen was recognized by circulating autoantibodies. Thus our patient had two unusual clinical variants of bullous pemphigoid: localized pretibial pemphigoid and pemphigoid nodularis.
Aged↗
Soluble HLA-G molecule. An alternatively spliced HLA-G mRNA form candidate to encode it in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human trophoblasts.
The HLA-G nonclassic MHC class I gene expressed at the maternal-fetal interface may be involved in cell protection against NK cell lysis. HLA-G mRNA is observed in different adult or fetal human cells and exhibits four alternative forms: HLA-G1, HLA-G2, HLA-G3, and HLA-G4 lacking, respectively, exon 7; exons 7 and 3, exons 7, 3, and 4; exons 7 and 4. Because exon 5 encodes the transmembrane domain of the HLA-G antigen, none of these transcripts could give a soluble form as detected in supernatant of trophoblasts. In this report, we describe an additional alternatively spliced for of HLA-G transcript (HLA-G5) present in adult PBMCs and first-trimester trophoblasts that contains intron 4. Moreover, as with all other transcripts, HLA-G5, is devoid of exon 7. Its relative frequency is, respectively, approximately 1:8 and approximately 1:26 in adult PBMCs and first-trimester trophoblasts. The presence of intron 4 generates a stop codon that excludes transmembrane region (exon 5) of the HLA-G molecule and therefore might produce a soluble antigen. These results are discussed with regard to data on soluble forms of classic HLA antigens and the possible role of HLA-G.
Alternative Splicing↗
Method for the assessment of diagnosis in human toxicology.
A method for the assessment of diagnosis in human toxicology is presented. This method follows an approach similar to that already used in postmarketing drug surveillance for the validation of drug-induced side effects. It is based on criteria of exposure and semiological/chronological criteria. A scale for objectively assessing these criteria allows one to appreciate the information available in each case report (i.e., informativity), and when this is considered sufficient, the causal relationship (i.e., imputability) can be evaluated. This mode of systematic and objective assessment should allow one to achieve a consistent case-by-case recording of data in occupational as well as human toxicology in general, to stimulate the search for lacking information, to use a common language for all those recording and reporting such data, and, finally, to improve the reliability and usefulness of published reports.
Humans↗
The economics of blindness prevention in Upper Volta under the Onchocerciasis Control Program.
This paper proposes a new approach to the economics of blindness prevention under the Onchocerciasis Control Program in Upper Volta. It differs from previous economic analyses of onchocerciasis control in three important respects. First, it uses empirical data as the basis of an estimate of the epidemiological effectiveness of the intervention. Second, it focuses on the prevention of permanent disability and premature death due to onchocercal blindness as the major health improvement attributable to onchocerciasis control. Third, it emphasizes cost-effectiveness rather than cost-benefit analysis. This limitation is imposed by the difficulty of undertaking a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of onchocerciasis control. In particular, the extent to which control of partial visual impairment and infection without ocular involvement would increase the effective supply of labor, and also the extent to which control would increase the effective supply of land by inducing new settlement in the river valleys, have not been clearly established. The cost-effectiveness approach is limited because it foregoes the opportunity provided by cost-benefit analysis to compare the relative desirability of investing in onchocerciasis control with alternative investments in other sectors. However, it does permit useful judgments to be made about the relative efficiency of allocating scarce resources to onchocerciasis control compared to other possible investments within the health sector. For this purpose, an illustrative comparison is made with estimates of the cost-effectiveness of measles immunization.
Blindness↗
Mechanisms of resistance to topoisomerases poisons.
1. Drug resistance remains a major obstacle to cancer treatment. Resistance to chemotherapy can be intrinsic, characterised by the nonresponsiveness of the tumour to the initial treatment. Alternatively, cancers that initially respond to chemotherapy can relapse after various times because of acquired resistance. 2. Resistance to drugs used as single agents is generally accompanied by the development of resistance to other drugs that can be structurally and functionally different. 3. Among the drugs commonly used in cancer treatment there are compounds that have been shown to inhibit DNA topoisomerases (Topos). These critical enzymes regulate the topological conformation of the DNA and participate in essential cellular processes. 4. This paper reviews the Topos' cellular functions, their catalytic activities and the mechanisms of resistance to inhibitors of Topos, with particular attention to the atypical multidrug resistance phenotype.
Animals↗