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PubMed1981

[Protective properties of antigenic complexes of Proteus].

To determine the possibility of the specific therapy and prevention of Proteus infection, the protective activity of antigenic complexes extracted from Pr. mirabilis cells by various methods was studied. Immunization of mice with these antigens rendered the animals resistant to challenge with a virulent Proteus strain, and the therapeutic injection of the antigens alleviated the infectious process developing as a result of intradermal infection. The blood sera of the treated rabbits acquired capacity of protecting mice from the Proteus infection.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beta-lactam antibiotics alone or in combination with gentamicin for therapy of gram-negative bacillary infections in neutropenic patients.

This study was initiated to determine whether antibiotic combinations are superior to single antibiotics for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections in neutropenic patients. Twenty-six patients with Pseudomonas and Proteus infections received either carbenicillin or carbenicillin, plus gentamicin. The cure rates were 83 and 93 per cent, respectively. Twenty-three patients with infections caused by other gram-negative bacilli received either cephalothin plus gentamicin. The cure rates were 64 and 67 per cent, respectively. Superinfection occurred in 26 per cent of the patients who received a single antibiotic compared to 15 per cent of the patients who received a combination. Four of the 26 patients who received gentamicin developed transient azotemia. Combination therapy may be superior to single antibiotic therapy, but this study demonstrated no statistically significant differences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Protection against Gram-negative infection by 'super-active' antigen.

'Super-active' antigens modified antigens released from bacteria which had been phagocytosed and killed by human leucocytes, were found to induce protective responses in mice within 24 h of immunization. At the earliest time (24 h) when immunized mice were protected against lethal intrapertoneal (i.p.) challenge by the bacteria from which which the 'super-active' antigens were made (Proteus mirabilis) the leucocytes of peripheral blood from immunized mice showed enhanced phagocytosis and killing of autologous bacteria and there was an increase in the number of lymphocytes producing anti-proteus antibody. Another mouse protective factor inducing transient protection lasting 1-2 days against lethal i.p. challenge by P. mirabilis was found in preparations of lysed heman leucocytes not engaged in phagocytosis. Burned mice, immunized with 'super-active' antigen preparations were protected against lethal invasive proteus infection, inoculated on to the burn surface, 2 h after burning and immunization.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Proteus mirabilis bloodstream infections: risk factors and treatment outcome related to the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases.

Bloodstream infection (BSI) due to Proteus mirabilis strains is a relatively uncommon clinical entity, and its significance has received little attention. This study was initiated to evaluate risk factors and treatment outcome of BSI episodes due to P. mirabilis producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Twenty-five BSI episodes caused by P. mirabilis occurred at our hospital (Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione Macchi, Varese, Italy) over a 7.5-year period. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to assess ESBL production. Clinical records of BSI patients were examined retrospectively. Demographic data, underlying diseases (according to McCabe and Jackson classification and Charlson weighted index), risk factors, and treatment outcome were investigated by comparing cases due to ESBL-positive strains to cases due to ESBL-negative strains. Eleven isolates were found to express ESBLs (TEM-52 or TEM-92). The remaining 14 isolates were ESBL negative and were uniformly susceptible to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and monobactams. Comparison of the two groups showed that previous hospitalization in a nursing home (P = 0.04) and use of bladder catheter (P = 0.01) were significant risk factors for infections due to ESBL-positive strains. In addition, cases due to ESBL-positive strains showed a significantly higher mortality attributable to BSI (P = 0.04). BSI cases due to ESBL-negative isolates uniformly responded to therapy, whereas 5/11 cases due to ESBL-positive isolates failed to respond (P < 0.01). Use of carbapenems was associated with complete response independently of ESBL production. Therapeutic failure and mortality may occur in BSI episodes caused by ESBL-positive P. mirabilis isolates. Thus, recognition of ESBL-positive strains appears to be critical for the clinical management of patients with systemic P. mirabilis infections.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Urolithiasis in childhood].

Our experience with 95 pediatric stone patients in the years 1960-1979 is presented. 2/3 of all stones were diagnosed in the pre-school age. Leading symptoms were infection, hematuria and abdominal pain. 52% of the stones were composed of phosphate. 87.5% of the children up to the age of 6 had urinary tract infection. Phosphate stones were mostly accompanied by urea-splitting organisms. An underlying cause for the stone formation could be found in 62% (urodynamic disturbances 32%, metabolic derangements 21%, proteus infection 8%, foreign body 1%). In 76% of the children the stones had to be removed surgically. The recurrence rate was 22% in 6.2 years. From our experience we recommend to use only a crystallographic stone analysis, to perform an exact metabolic check-up and a long term follow-up of the children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clinical patterns of paediatric urolithiasis.

A series of 270 paediatric stone patients was studied retrospectively according to the clinical pattern of urolithiasis (age and sex, stone location, stone analysis, recurrence rate) and aetiology of stone disease (infection, anatomical, metabolic or idiopathic). Infection stones occurred earliest and more commonly in males and were usually upper tract struvite calculi related to Proteus infection. Anatomical stones were most commonly associated with pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction and had a high recurrence rate, despite surgical correction of obstruction. Idiopathic stones most resembled those found in adult urolithiasis by virtue of occurring latest, being sited in the ureter more often and being more frequently composed of calcium oxalate. Metabolic stones were most frequently calcium phosphate or cystine and virtually all were renal. They comprised the smallest group but had the highest recurrence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The resistance of polyglycolic acid sutures to attack by infected human urine.

Polyglycolic acid sutures were incubated at 37 degrees C in broth, and in 0.22 mu millipore filtered human urine infected with Escherichia coli, Str. faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At 3 days the Proteus had destroyed the polyglycolic acid sutures in the urine but not in the broth. None of the other organisms had any effect on the tensile strength of the suture material. Under the scanning electron microscope the Proteus-destroyed polyglycolic acid sutures showed multiple transverse microfractures. Polyglycolic acid sutures should not be used for closing urothelium in patients with a proven Proteus infection.

Enterococcus faecalis↗