SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Probiotic intervention”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed2026

Sex-Dependent Microbial and Host Profiles Following Fecal Microbiota and Bifidobacterium longum Treatment in Stress-Induced Gut Dysbiosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder influenced by stress, microbial dysbiosis, and immune activation. Microbiota-directed therapies, including fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, show promise, but their sex-specific effects remain unclear. We compared the therapeutic effects of lyophilized fecal microbiota (LFM) with Bifidobacterium longum BBH016 in male and female Wistar rats subjected to repeated water avoidance stress. METHODS: Fecal pellet output (FPO), colonic mast cell infiltration, and fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. Gut microbial composition and function were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway prediction. RESULTS: Both interventions significantly reduced FPO and mast cell infiltration in males but had less pronounced effects in females. Microbiota analyses revealed sex-dependent responses, with distinct microbial trajectories in each treatment group. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size, we identified seven key taxa with treatment- or sex-specific enrichment. Alistipes onderdonkii and Bacteroides uniformis consistently increased in both LFM- and B. longum-treated groups, regardless of sex. Bacteroides finegoldii and Barnesiella intestinihominis were specifically enriched in the LFM group. In males, Blautia faecis and Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans were enriched following the interventions, whereas Parabacteroides goldsteinii appeared exclusively in stressed males. Functional predictions revealed the enrichment of estrogen signaling and bile acid pathways in males and the attenuation of proinflammatory pathways in females following LFM. Correlations between microbial taxa and host outcomes were predominantly observed in male rats. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight sex-specific microbial and host responses to microbiota-targeted therapies in a stress-induced IBS model, emphasizing sex as a biological variable in designing personalized microbiome-based treatments.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Gut microbiota and metabolic alterations in participants with flatulence identify Faecalibacterium prausnitzii as a key microbial target for clinical intervention.

Flatulence is closely associated with gut dysbiosis, yet the characteristic microbial signatures, metabolic alterations, and actionable intervention targets remain unclear. This limited mechanistic understanding has hindered the development of precise microbiota-based strategies for managing flatulence. Here, we found that participants with flatulence exhibited marked shifts in gut microbial functions and fecal metabolic profiles compared with healthy controls, characterized by enhanced abnormal fermentation, enrichment of oxidative stress-related functions, elevated low-grade inflammatory signatures, and reduced anti-inflammatory and mucosal-protective metabolic features. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly negatively associated with the high-gas-producing phenotype. In vitro replenishment experiments further validated the role of F. prausnitzii in reducing gas production, promoting butyrate generation, and remodeling butyrate-associated microbial communities. Based on microbial interaction analysis, we identified Bifidobacterium longum CCFM1319 as a candidate strain for targeting F. prausnitzii. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial, supplementation with B. longum CCFM1319 significantly increased intestinal F. prausnitzii abundance and improved flatulence-related symptoms. Collectively, these findings reveal the microbiota and metabolic dysbiosis underlying flatulence, highlight the key regulatory role of F. prausnitzii, and lays the foundation for targeted microbiota-based intervention strategies for flatulence.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

Effect of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 [corrected] in relieving clinical symptoms and modulating plasma cytokine levels of Japanese cedar pollinosis during the pollen season. A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Probiotic microorganisms have been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic inflammation and food allergy, but their efficacy remains controversial. This study tested the effect of a yogurt supplemented with a probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum BB536 in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis (JCPsis). Forty subjects with a clinical history of JCPsis were given yoghurt either containing BB536 (BB536 yoghurt) or without BB536 (placebo yoghurt) at 2 X 100 g per day for 14 weeks, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjective symptoms and self-care measures were recorded daily and blood samples were taken before and during the intervention (at weeks 4, 9, and 14) to measure the blood parameter levels related to JCPsis. Yoghurt supplemented with BB536 significantly alleviated eye symptoms compared with placebo yoghurt (odds ratio 0.31; 95% confidence interval 0.10-0.97; p = 0.044). Although no statistically significant differences were detected, nasal symptoms such as itching, rhinorrhea, and blockage, as well as throat symptoms tended to be relieved with the BB536 yoghurt. BB536 tended to suppress the decreasing blood levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and the increasing blood eosinophil rates; a significantly higher IFN-gamma level was observed for the difference from baseline at week 4. A decreased trend in the difference from baseline levels of JCP-specific IgE levels was also observed at week 4 in the BB536 group compared with the placebo group. In conclusion, these results suggest that intake of BB536-supplemented yoghurt may relieve JCPsis symptoms, probably through a modulating effect on Th balance.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Dietary fibre and prebiotics in infant formulas.

Prebiotics have the potential to promote immediate and long-term effects on the health and well-being of infants. They have been added to infant formulas in Japan for 20 years and have only recently been used in Europe. The objective is to change the intestinal microflora in order to mimic the bacteriological effect and, thus, the functional effects of human milk. There is, however, a potential risk of long-term effects of the use of these infant formulas. The consequences of using prebiotics in infants, during the first months of life, on the composition and development of the intestinal microflora, and on the resulting bacterial-bacterial and bacterial-host interactions are not known. Attempts have been made to improve infant and follow-on formulas by prebiotic supplementation, but intervention studies are needed to evaluate their immediate and long-term beneficial effects and demonstrate the absence of harmful consequences from their use.

Dietary Fiber↗

PubMed2003

Modern therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.

Modern therapy for inflammatory bowel disease implies that therapy should be disease modifying rather than merely symptomatic. To achieve this goal, induction and maintenance of bowel healing are mandatory. Long-term bowel healing results in fewer hospitalizations and less surgery. Only immunosuppression therapy and biological approaches, or a combination of both, result in long-term healing of the bowel mucosa. Unsolved issues are when these drugs should be initiated and whether we should aim at eradicating the bowel inflammation from the onset of therapeutic intervention immediately following diagnosis. Identification of genetic and serologic parameters which allow prediction of the course of the disease would be useful for identifying patients who need aggressive treatment early in the disease. Once total control of the disease is achieved, long-term maintenance of a healed bowel is important. We hypothesize that changing the gut flora, e.g. using probiotics, may allow maintenance of bowel healing after induction with biologicals and immunosuppression.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus- and Propionibacterium-based direct-fed microbials and prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in beef feedlot cattle and on hides at harvest.

The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in the feces and on the hides of finishing beef cattle fed a standard diet and those fed diets supplemented with direct-fed microbials. Two hundred forty steers received one of four treatments throughout the feeding period: (i) control: no added microbials; (ii) HNP51: high dose of Lactohacillius acidophilus strain NP 51 (10(9) CFU per steer daily) and Propionibacterium freudenreichii (10(9) CFU per steer daily); (iii) HNP51+45: high dose of NP 51 (10(9) CFU per steer daily), P. freudenreichii (10(9) CFU per steer daily), and L. acidophilus NP 45 (10(6) CFU per steer daily); or (iv) LNP51+45: low dose of NP 51 (10(6) CFU per steer daily), P. freudenreichii (10(9) CFU per steer daily), and NP 45 (10(6) CFU per steer daily). Samples were collected from each animal and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157 using immunomagnetic separation methods on day 0 (feces), 7 days before harvest (feces), and at harvest (feces and hide). At the end of the feeding period, cattle receiving HNP51 were 57% less likely to shed detectable E. coli O157 in their feces than were the controls (P < 0.01). For animals receiving HNP51+45 and LNP51+45, fecal prevalence did not differ from that of the controls. The prevalence of positive hide samples was least among cattle receiving HNP51+45 (3.3%); these animals were 79% less likely (P < 0.06) to have a positive hide sample than were the controls (prevalence = 13.8%). There was poor agreement of the culture results between fecal and hide samples collected from the same animal (kappa = 0.08; confidence interval = -0.05 to 0.2). Cattle supplemented with a high dose of NP 51 had reduced E. coli O157 prevalence in both fecal and hide samples, indicating that this treatment may be an efficacious preharvest intervention strategy.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Effect of 8 week intake of probiotic milk products on risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a probiotic milk product containing the culture CAUSIDO(R) and of two alternative products on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese subjects. DESIGN: An 8 week randomized, double-blind, placebo- and compliance-controlled, parallel study. SUBJECTS: Seventy healthy, weight-stable, overweight and obese (25.0<BMI<37.5 kg/m2) males (n=20) and females (n=50), 18-55 y old, were randomly assigned into five groups. INTERVENTION: Four groups consumed 450 ml fermented milk products (yoghurt) daily. Group 1: a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus (StLa). Group 2: a placebo yoghurt fermented with delta-acid-lactone (PY). Group 3: a yoghurt fermented with two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and one strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (StLr). Group 4: a yoghurt fermented with one strain of Enterococcus faecium and two strains of Streptococcus thermophilus (CAUSIDO(R) culture), GAIO(R) (G). The dietary composition of the yoghurt was otherwise similar. The fifth group was given two placebo pills (PP) daily. RESULTS: When comparing all five treatment groups, unadjusted for changes in body weight, no statistical effects were observed in week 8 in the G-group on low density lipoproteins (LDL)-cholesterol (P=0.29). After adjustment for small changes in body weight, LDL-cholesterol decreased by 8.4% (0.26+/-0.10 mmol/l; P<0.05) and fibrinogen increased (0.74+/-0.32 mmol/l; P<0.05) after 8 weeks in the G-group. This was significantly different from the group consuming chemically fermented yoghurt and the group consuming placebo pills (P<0.05). After 8 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly more reduced in the StLa and G-group compared to StLr. No other differences were found. CONCLUSION: The CAUSIDO(R) culture reduced LDL-cholesterol and increased fibrinogen in the overweight subjects at a 450 ml consumption daily for 8 weeks. The effect on LDL-cholesterol confirms previous studies. An immunostimulation by one of the strains in the product might explain the effect on fibrinogen in the G-group. SPONSORSHIP: MD Foods A/S, Denmark.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

A new biological agent for treatment of Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli infections and dysentery in humans.

Gastrointestinal disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing bacteria (such as Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Shigella dysenteriae) is often complicated by life-threatening toxin-induced systemic sequelae, including hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Such infections can now be diagnosed very early in the course of the disease, but at present no effective therapeutic intervention is possible. Here, we constructed a recombinant bacterium that displayed a Shiga toxin receptor mimic on its surface, and it adsorbed and neutralized Shiga toxins with very high efficiency. Moreover, oral administration of the recombinant bacterium completely protected mice from challenge with an otherwise 100%-fatal dose of Shiga toxigenic E. coli. Thus, the bacterium shows great promise as a 'probiotic' treatment for Shiga toxigenic E. coli infections and dysentery.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Probiotics: a novel approach in the management of food allergy.

BACKGROUND: The gastrointestinal microflora is an important constituent of the gut mucosal defense barrier. We have previously shown that a human intestinal floral strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103), promotes local antigen-specific immune responses (particularly in the IgA class), prevents permeability defects, and confers controlled antigen absorption. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and immunologic effects of cow's milk elimination without (n = 14) and with (n = 13) the addition of Lactobacillus GG (5 x 10(8) colony-forming units/gm formula) in an extensively hydrolyzed whey formula in infants with atopic eczema and cow's milk allergy. The second part of the study involved 10 breast-fed infants who had atopic eczema and cow's milk allergy. In this group Lactobacillus GG was given to nursing mothers. METHODS: The severity of atopic eczema was assessed by clinical scoring. The concentrations of fecal alpha 1- antitrypsin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and eosinophil cationic protein were determined as markers of intestinal inflammation before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The clinical score of atopic dermatitis improved significantly during the 1-month study period in infants treated with the extensively hydrolyzed whey formula fortified with Lactobacillus GG. The concentration of alpha 1-antitrypsin decreased significantly in this group (p = 0.03) but not in the group receiving the whey formula without Lactobacillus GG (p = 0.68). In parallel, the median (lower quartile to upper quartile) concentration of fecal tumor necrosis factor-alpha decreased significantly in this group, from 709 pg/gm (91 to 1131 pg/gm) to 34 pg/gm (19 to 103 pg/gm) (p = 0.003), but not in those receiving the extensively hydrolyzed whey formula only (p = 0.38). The concentration of fecal eosinophil cationic protein remained unaltered during therapy. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that probiotic bacteria may promote endogenous barrier mechanisms in patients with atopic dermatitis and food allergy, and by alleviating intestinal inflammation, may act as a useful tool in the treatment of food allergy.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Animal models of food allergy.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The focus of this review will be on recent animal models of food allergy. Animal models are being used to investigate underlying mechanisms of IgE-mediated disease and for prophylactic/intervention therapies to treat allergic disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Considerable advances have been made in the dosage and use of sensitization routes with and without adjuvant and determinations of the pathophysiology of food allergy in murine, dog and swine food allergy models. Continued research on the neuroendocrine and novel immunoregulatory peptides is also providing new insight into inflammatory regulation and immunity. With the advent of genetically modified food crops, animal models are becoming a central theme for prediction/assessment of allergenicity for novel proteins based upon known food allergens. Therapeutic strategies involving cytokine and allergen, DNA immunizations and the use of probiotics are receiving new interest. SUMMARY: Although murine models still predominate the literature with respect to animal models of food allergy, the atopic dog and neonatal swine model are contributing knowledge with respect to symptoms more closely related to human allergic responses. Continuing investigations into the mechanisms of IgE-mediated food allergy and therapeutic strategies are providing new insights into prevention and intervention therapies for food allergy.

Allergens↗

PubMed2004

Clostridium difficile: causes and interventions.

Human infection with Clostridium difficile can take many forms. It can exist in many patients who are relatively well or who have symptoms similar to irritable bowel syndrome. It can also infect the patient in the acute care facility. These patients typically have received antibiotics for more than 3 days and begin to experience foul-smelling, watery stools within a few days of initiation of antibiotic coverage. Good hand washing and environmental cleanliness remain the primary ways of preventing the spread of this infection from patient to patient. The possibility of using probiotics to replace the beneficial bacteria should be pursued.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2026

BLIS study: a feasibility randomised controlled trial assessing compliance, acceptability and colonisation with different dosing regimens of the probiotic supplement Streptococcus salivarius K12 (Bactoblis) in adults in England.

OBJECTIVES: Streptococcus salivarius K12 (SsK12) is a bacterium used as a probiotic with some evidence for preventing acute sore throat/tonsillitis, but the optimal dosing strategy is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate two dosing regimens of SsK12 to establish (a) the prevalence and duration of colonisation with SsK12 and (b) the acceptability and feasibility of these regimens. DESIGN: A randomised, non-blinded feasibility trial. SETTING: Primary care in the south of England. PARTICIPANTS: Adults with ≥2 episodes of sore throat within the 3 years before recruitment. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomised to take SsK12 lozenges once weekly or daily over 14 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the prevalence and duration of colonisation with SsK12. This was determined by real-time PCR conducted on self-taken whole-mouth swabs provided by participants at baseline and on days 2, 7, 14, 21 and 35. Secondary outcomes were the compliance and acceptability of the two SsK12 dosing regimens, based on questionnaire data. RESULTS: 53 participants were recruited (26 randomised to weekly and 27 to daily dosing) between 26 April and 5 December 2023. All swabs were returned by 65.4% (17/26) and 70.4% (19/27) of the weekly and daily groups respectively. Swabs at all timepoints from participants with PCR positives observed at baseline (two and four from the weekly and daily group, respectively) were excluded. Therefore, swabs from 23 participants in the weekly and 22 in the daily group did not have evidence of baseline colonisation and were included in the microbiology analysis. SsK12 colonisation was found in 59.1% (13/22, 95% CI 38.6% to 79.6%) of samples in both groups on day 2; in 13.6% (3/22, 95% CI 0.0% to 28.0%) and 85.7% (18/21, 95% CI 70.8% to 100.0%) of the weekly and daily groups, respectively, on day 7; in 19.1% (4/21, 95% CI 2.3% to 35.8%) and 59.1% (13/22, 95% CI 38.6% to 79.6%), respectively, on day 14; and in only one participant (weekly group) on days 21 and 35. The dosing regimen was reported as easy to follow by 85.0% (17/20, 95% CI 69.4% to 100.0%) of the weekly and 96.2% (25/26, 95% CI 88.8% to 100.0%) of the daily dosing groups. CONCLUSIONS: SsK12 colonisation was more prevalent with daily dosing; however, colonisation was not maintained when dosing stopped. Both dosing regimens were acceptable to participants. These findings support the use of daily dosing in a future trial to evaluate the efficacy of SsK12 in preventing recurrence of sore throat/tonsillitis. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04297878.

Humans↗

PubMed2005

Complementary and alternative medicine in allergy, otitis media, and asthma.

There is growing interest on the part of both patients and providers in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies to treat allergy, otitis media, and asthma. Research efforts investigating CAM are increasing in frequency and quality. Studies suggest possible efficacy for some vitamin and mineral supplements for allergic diseases; results are less clear in asthmatic patients. The use of polyunsaturated fatty acids appears particularly promising for treatment and even prevention of allergy and asthma conditions. Studies also suggest that probiotic preparations have a role in the treatment of allergic conditions. Xylitol gum, syrup, and lozenges have shown efficacy in treatment of acute otitis media, as have some naturopathic herbal remedies. Preliminary results with studies of yoga and various relaxation therapies for treatment of asthmatics suggest that these therapies may have a role, but further work would be needed to document efficacy and delineate the specific types of interventions most appropriate for particular asthmatic populations.

Asthma↗

PubMed2006

Antigen-specific CD4(+) regulatory T cells in the intestine.

Mucosal surfaces, especially the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, are obligatory sites for tolerance induction against numerous exogenous antigens. Therefore, the mucosal surface seems to provide a microenvironment conductive to the induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells. The cytokine milieu, which includes IL-10 and TGF-beta, affects effector function of local dendritic cells and induces regulatory T cells (iT(REG)). During immune homeostasis (steady state) in the GI tract, noninflammatory innate immune signals provided by innocuous or commensal bacteria seem to play important roles in the induction of regulatory cytokines that enable the establishment of tolerance, which involves iT(REG) function. In accordance with this viewpoint, utilizing physiological means such as probiotics and TLR ligands may improve the homeostatic conditions of immune-mediated diseases and inflammation. Antigen-specific iT(REG) is a great counterpart of thymus-derived CD25(+)CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T(REG) (nT(REG)), and therefore clinical applications of T(REG) should be developed that integrate the advantages of both of these cell populations. Close investigation of mucosal iT(REG) and related microenvironments not only will facilitate novel interventions of mucosal immunity but also will help to best utilize iT(REG) and iT(REG) in an integrated way.

Animals↗

PubMed2007

Molecular characterisation of the gut microflora of healthy and inflammatory bowel disease cats using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with special reference to Desulfovibrio spp.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a common cause of chronic large bowel diarrhoea in cats. Although the aetiology of IBD is unknown, an immune-mediated response to a luminal antigen is thought to be involved. As knowledge concerning the colonic microflora of cats is limited and requires further investigation, the purpose of this study was to determine the presence of specific bacterial groups in normal and IBD cats, and the potential role they play in the health of the host. Total bacterial populations, Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Clostridium histolyticum subgp., Lactobacillus-Enterococcus subgp. and Desulfovibrio spp. were enumerated in 34 healthy cats and 11 IBD cats using fluorescence in situ hybridisation. The study is one of the first to show the presence of Desulfovibrio in cats. Total bacteria, Bifidobacterium spp. and Bacteroides spp. counts were all significantly higher in healthy cats when compared with IBD cats, whereas Desulfovibrio spp. (producers of toxic sulphides) numbers were found to be significantly higher in colitic cats. The information obtained from this study suggests that modulation of bacterial flora by increasing bifidobacteria and decreasing Desulfovibrio spp. may be beneficial to cats with IBD. Dietary intervention may be an important aspect of their treatment.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

A prebiotic substance persistently enhances intestinal calcium absorption and increases bone mineralization in young adolescents.

A number of short-term (9 days to 5 weeks) studies have reported that non-digestible. oligosaccharides enhance intestinal calcium absorption. Recent interesting data from an intervention trial in adolescents (9-13 years of age) suggest that a non-digestible oligosaccharide can persistently stimulate calcium absorption over 12 months and can also enhance bone mineralization during pubertal growth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Protective nutrients.

Recognition that specific nutrients can be beneficial when consumed in amounts above the accepted daily requirements has provided a major impetus for the critical examination of dietary approaches with single or multiple nutrient supplements chosen to modulate the inflammatory response, enhance immune function, or improve the blood-gut barrier. Patients suffering the effects of hypercatabolism caused by surgery, cancer, or extensive burns are prime candidates for immunonutrition, as the intervention has come to be known, as are immunosuppressed patients with the human immunodeficiency virus or other overwhelming infections. This review focuses on key nutrients used in clinical trials for which a body of information on the mode of action and metabolic pathways is available. The topics covered include the amino acids, glutamine and arginine; omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexanoic acid; vitamin A; and zinc. Lastly, we address the area of pre- and probiotics and how "friendly" microorganisms are being incorporated into therapeutic regimens aimed at sustaining health. The use of immunonutrition requires judicious consideration of the potential undesirable effects of certain additives in clinical settings where enhanced immune responsiveness can translate into tissue damage and altered mucosal defenses.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

Preharvest control of Escherichia coli O157 in cattle.

Bovine manure is an important source of Escherichia coli O157 contamination of the environment and foods; therefore, effective interventions targeted at reducing the prevalence and magnitude of fecal E. coli O157 excretion by live cattle (preharvest) are desirable. Preharvest intervention methods can be grouped into 3 categories: 1) exposure reduction strategies, 2) exclusion strategies, and 3) direct antipathogen strategies. Exposure reduction involves environmental management targeted at reducing bovine exposure to E. coli O157 through biosecurity and environmental niche management such as feed and drinking water hygiene, reduced exposure to insects or wildlife, and improved cleanliness of the bedding or pen floor. In the category of exclusion, we group vaccination and dietary modifications such as selection of specific feed components; feeding of prebiotics, probiotics, or both; and supplementation with competitive exclusion cultures to limit proliferation of E. coli O157 in or on exposed animals. Direct antipathogen strategies include treatment with sodium chlorate, antibiotics, bacteriophages, in addition to washing of animals before slaughter. Presently, only 1 preharvest control for E. coli O157 in cattle has been effective and has gained widespread adoption-the feeding probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus. More research into the effectiveness of parallel and simultaneous application of 1 or more preharvest control strategies, as well as the identification of new pre-harvest control methods, may provide practical means to substantially reduce the incidence of human E. coli O157-related illness by intervening at the farm level.

Animal Feed↗