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PubMedDate not supplied

Prostatic acid phosphatase immunoperoxidase staining of cytologically positive effusions associated with adenocarcinomas of the prostate and neoplasms of undetermined origin.

An immunoperoxidase staining technique was employed in an effort to demonstrate prostatic acid phosphatase in sections of the effusion cell blocks in a retrospective investigation of the incidence of malignant prostatic cells in body cavity effusions in 33 patients with histologically confirmed prostatic cancer. An attempt was also made to identify the prostate as a possible anatomic site of origin in 26 patients with an unknown primary but with cytologically positive fluids. Neoplastic cells were identified in the effusion specimens in 21.2% of the patients with confirmed prostatic cancer; the sources, however, were either primary or metastatic carcinomas of nonprostatic origin. None of the cytologic specimens in this study demonstrated a positive prostate-specific acid phosphatase staining reaction, as did the prostatic metastases to the lungs used as controls.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1993

[The risk of second primary neoplasm in prostatic cancer patients].

The risk of suffering a second primary neoplasia after bearing a prostate cancer has been evaluated. The study patients attended the Hospital La Fe and were diagnosed between 1984 and 1992. There was a total of 223 prostate neoplasias, 22 of which had associated a second neoplasia and in 12 cases, corresponding to seven tumoral locations, prostate cancer was the first pathology to be diagnosed. Tumours observed were compared to those expected, according to the incidence rates appropriate for each age group and tumoral type, taken from the Spanish section of "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents", 1987. An excess of second neoplasias for vesical, kidney, CNS, bone and lymphoma tumours was found. In most cases, the second tumour was diagnosed between 6 to 12 months after diagnosis of prostate cancer. The patient's prognosis is dependent of the second neoplasia. The possible mechanisms of these associations are discussed in the light of state-of-the-art knowledge.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

[Radioimmunodetection of prostatic cancer: in vivo 131I-gamma-seminoprotein for diagnosis of prostatic cancer by nuclear imaging].

69 patients with prostatic cancer were subjected to radioimmunodetection (RAID) with 131I-labeled antibody against gamma-seminoprotein (gamma-Sm), the images of malignant tumor sites was obtained by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with dual radionuclide and computer processing. Of the 69 patients 66 were confirmed by RAID. The ratio of tumor tissue to normal tissue (T/N) 6.9 and the best time for incaging was 96 hours after injection of anti-gamma-Sm. The diameter of the minimum tumor in RAID was 0.5 cm. metastatic prostatic cancer in the pelvis or bone location as well as the origin tumors were also detected in 13 cases. Anti-gamma-SmRAID can differentiate benign from malignant prostatic neoplasms. In 37 cases of benign prostate hyperplasia, only two were positive. The positive detective rate of B-ultrasound and CT was 70.8% and 73.1% respectively.

Dextrans↗
PubMed1999

Prospective evaluation of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging to detect tumor foci in men with prior negative prostastic biopsy: a pilot study.

PURPOSE: Prostate cancer foci have a characteristic appearance on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which might be useful for prostate cancer detection. In this pilot study the ability of endorectal MRI to detect prostate cancer foci prospectively in men at risk for a malignant prostatic neoplasm is assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endorectal MRI was performed in 33 consecutive men with 1 or more prior negative prostatic biopsies. All studies were read by 2 MRI dedicated study radiologists in consensus before and after receiving patient clinical data. Areas of interest on endorectal MRI were mapped as low, moderate or high suspicion for carcinoma on a prostate model. Directed needle biopsy cores of the prostate were obtained based on this model, and the histopathological findings were compared with MRI results. RESULTS: Carcinoma was detected in 7 of 33 men (21.2%) on post-MRI biopsy, including 1 of 18 (5.6%) with low, 1 of 8 (12.5%) with moderate and 5 of 7 (71.4%) with high suspicion MRI. The site of positive biopsy correlated correctly with the area of suspicion on MRI in 85.7% of cases. Overall, endorectal MRI had 40% positive predictive value (moderate or high suspicion), 94.4% negative predictive value (low suspicion) and 69.7% accuracy. On multivariate analysis positive endorectal MRI was associated with an 11.3-fold risk of positive biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: Endorectal MRI may effectively stratify patients with prior negative prostatic biopsy into low, moderate and high risk groups for a malignant prostatic neoplasm, and may improve our ability to identify prostatic tumor foci prospectively.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Detection of apoptosis by the TUNEL technique in clinically localised prostatic cancer before and after combined endocrine therapy.

AIMS: Apoptosis in prostate cancer was evaluated after three months of combined endocrine therapy to investigate the association with tumour grade, tumour stage, and the immunohistochemical detection of p53 and bcl-2 in tumour cells before and after therapy. METHODS: Twenty six formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded core biopsies and corresponding prostatectomy specimens, excised after three months of combined endocrine therapy, were analysed for the presence of apoptotic cells by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) method, and for p53 and bcl-2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: All 26 adenocarcinomas were clinically localised at diagnosis. In biopsies performed before combined endocrine therapy, the apoptotic indices varied between 0.09% and 1.73%, while the tumour grade fell between Gleason score 1 and 8. The mean (SD) apoptotic count pretherapy was 0.71% (0.50). There was a significant association between elevated apoptotic counts and higher Gleason scores in the biopsies (p = 0.005). After three months of therapy, the percentage of apoptotic tumour cells increased independently of tumour stage, while a significant association with Gleason grade was found (p = 0.0018) and all the tumours had Gleason scores of < 7. In eight cases the apoptotic index was more than twice its pretherapy value. The remaining tumours showed less of an increase in the apoptotic index (five cases) or a reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cells. The overall moderate increase in apoptotic index after combined endocrine therapy was not statistically significant (p = 0.8). Immunoreactivity to p53 was absent in all cases, before and after therapy, while a slight increase in the number of cells overexpressing bcl-2 was observed in five of the 13 tumours (38.1%) with reduced apoptotic indices after therapy. CONCLUSIONS: After three months of combined endocrine treatment a minority of clinically localised prostate neoplasms showed regressive epithelial alterations, associated with an increase in apoptotic tumour cells; an increase in cells overexpressing bcl-2 was observed in five of the 13 tumours with reduced apoptotic indices.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Incomplete rectal obstruction secondary to adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

Ureteral and bladder outlet obstruction are well-known sequelae of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Contiguous extension of prostate cancer locally to involve the rectum is an uncommon phenomenon. It has been suggested that this is because Denonvillier's fascia is an effective barrier to posterior extension of malignant prostatic neoplasms. Herein, we report a case of this unusual association as well as a review of the literature.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Dramatic response of pulmonary metastasis from prostatic cancer to LH-RH agonist treatment.

A case is presented of an elderly man with stage D2 cancer of the prostate who responded dramatically to hormonal manipulation utilizing LH-RH agonist. This case has three exceptional features: absence of bone metastasis; massive pulmonary metastasis; and rectal ulceration due to prostatic neoplasm. Although any type of hormonal manipulation could have achieved the same results, the use of LH-RH agonist has distinct advantages: minimal side effects and good patient tolerance.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

[A study of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate].

We studied 35 needle aspiration biopsies of the prostatic cancer to evaluate the reliability for screening, as compared with the transrectal or transperineal needle biopsy of the same patients. Eight specimens were unsatisfactory for cytological study, only 77.4% of the 35 aspirations being cytologically evaluable. False negative aspiration biopsies occupied 22.7%. Histopathological evaluation was possible for all of the needle biopsies and the false negative rate was 5.7%. To examine how accurately aspiration biopsy or needle biopsy reflects the true histologic grade of prostatic cancer, both the cytologic grade of the aspirations and histologic grade of the biopsies were compared with the grade of the prostatectomy specimens. The aspiration biopsy was undergraded in 2 (11.8%) overgraded in 2 (11.8%) and correctly graded in 14 (82.4%) out of 17 cases. The needle biopsy was undergraded in 1 (3.2%), overgraded in 2 (6.5%) and correctly graded in 28 (90.3%) out of 31 cases. There was no significant difference in grading accuracy rate between cytology of the aspiration and histology of the needle biopsy. We conclude that the cytological grade is as reliable as needle biopsy, but aspiration biopsy is not a more efficient screening test for prostatic neoplasms than needle biopsy, considering the higher percentage of speciments unsatisfactory for aspiration and false negative in this small series.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Unsuspected Prostate Carcinoma and Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasm in Taiwanese Patients Undergoing Cystoprostatectomy.

Although the incidence and death rates for cancer of the prostate (CaP) in Taiwan have been among the lowest in the world, they have increased remarkably in recent years. Because of the very low autopsy rate in this country, prostate specimens obtained via cystoprostatectomy may provide a unique opportunity to study the incidence and status of latent cancer. From January 1992 to December 1997, 49 prostate specimens were obtained from patients with transitional-cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder (48 cases) or pelvic melanoma (one case). Patients' ages ranged from 47 to 89, with a mean age of 67.8 years. No patient had any clinical indication of CaP, as assessed by digital rectal examination. Each prostate was prepared with whole-mount transverse serial sections at 3-mm intervals from the apex to the bladder neck. The stained slides reviewed by two pathologists to evaluate the frequency and pathological status of acinar cancer lesions and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Of the 49 patients evaluated, 16 (33%) had evidence of adenocarcinoma, and 24 (49%) had high-grade PIN. The incidence of unsuspected CaP in patients aged 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >/=70 years was 25%, 32%, and 37%, respectively. The frequency of high-grade PIN in patients aged 40 to 59, 60 to 69, and >/=70 years was 25%, 42%, and 64%, respectively. The incidence of high-grade PIN in the 16 patients with unsuspected CaP was significantly higher than in the 31 patients without this early cancer (75% v 36%). Of the 16 patients with unsuspected cancer, 5 had multiple tumors (3 patients with two and 2 with multiple foci). The mean volume of the 24 tumors was 0.0786 cm(3), with a range of 0.008 to 0.393 cm(3), but only 6 tumors exceeded 0.1 cm(3) in volume (0.112, 0.112, 0.164, 0.245, 0.262, and 0.393 cm(3)). Eighty-eight percent of these early cancers were low grade (Gleason score 2-4). All unsuspected CaP were organ confined. The frequency of unsuspected CaP in Taiwanese men is relatively higher than in Chinese, as previous reported by Dr. Gu. However, the incidence of this latent cancer is comparable to that of U.S. men of the same age. These findings, together with the high incidence of high-grade PIN, suggest that the initial step in the induction of CaP in indigenous Taiwanese is similar to that in U.S. men. The lower number of reports of CaP in Taiwan might be attributable to: (1) lower volume of latent cancer in the Taiwanese compared with U.S. men; (2) underestimation of the incidence rate of CaP in Taiwan; or (3) different genetic or environmental status leading to a different progression rate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Frequency of residual neoplasm in the prostate following three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy.

The incidence of residual neoplastic cells on prostatic biopsy following conventional external beam radiotherapy is reported to range from 40-90%. As a result, it has been stated that current modalities of radiotherapy may carry an unacceptable local failure rate even in patients irradiated for low stage disease. In order to assess the potential benefits of three-dimensional (3-D) treatment planning, an unselected, consecutive group of patients with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate was evaluated. This study was designed to determine the frequency of residual cancer in the prostate two years following definitive external beam radiotherapy designed, using a 3-D planning system. Between February 1988 and February 1989, 30 consecutive patients with localized (Stage T1-T3NxMo) adenocarcinoma of the prostate received definitive external beam radiotherapy. All treatment fields were designed with a computed tomography (CT)-based 3-D treatment planning system, resulting in a static conformal radiotherapy plan. The minimum dose delivered to the target volume, which included the prostate, periprostatic tissues, and a 1 cm margin, was between 65 and 69 cGy. Twenty-six patients had Stage T1, T2NxMo primary tumors and four were T3NxMo. Two years following the completion of treatment, all patients underwent digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound examination of the prostate with multiple biopsies, bone scan, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) determinations. Residual prostate cancer was proven by biopsy in six of 30 patients (20%). Four of 26 (15%) with Stage T1 and T2 tumors had a positive biopsy. However, two of the four Stage T3 tumors had postradiation biopsies positive for cancer (50%). Only one patient with a positive biopsy had an abnormal rectal examination. Five of the eight patients with elevated serum PSA levels after two years had residual neoplasia identified on biopsy. One of six patients with an abnormal postradiation ultrasound had residual tumor. Only one of the 22 patients (5%) with a normal serum PSA at two years had a positive postradiation biopsy. In patients with localized prostate cancer, the use of 3-D static conformal radiotherapy followed by multiple ultrasound guided biopsies confirmed the efficacy of external beam radiotherapy in low stage disease. We believe that the low incidence of positive biopsies in this study resulted from the benefits of 3-D treatment planning as well as the fact that all patients were evaluated, whereas past studies have been in selected patient groups when suspicion of residual disease existed prior to biopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Effect of prolactin on the prostate.

We propose that: 1. Prolactin is a trophic hormone required for normal development and growth of prostate as well as other tissues. 2. Citrate production, the major function of prostate, is directly regulated by prolactin. 3. The mechanisms of prolactin regulation of citrate production by prostate epithelial cells include a. Regulation of the pmAAT gene, which results in an increase in the biosynthesis of mAAT and, ultimately, an increase in citrate synthesis (the prolactin regulation of gene transcription is mediated via PKC). b. Inhibition of citrate oxidation, possibly via zinc inhibition of m-aconitase. c. Stimulation of aspartate transport, possibly via regulation of the biosynthesis of the high-affinity aspartate transporter. 4. These relationships apply to normal human prostate, and might have important implications in the pathogenesis of prostate neoplasms. 5. The regulation of prostate citrate production is the reproductive function of prolactin in males.

Animals↗