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Results for “Psychosocial functioning”

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PubMed1993

Improvements in respiratory and psychosocial functioning following total laryngectomy by the use of a heat and moisture exchanger.

A prospective clinical study in 61 patients was undertaken to investigate the subjective and objective influence of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) on the respiratory and psychosocial problems following total laryngectomy. Although statistical comparisons failed to detect significant differences between the experimental and the control groups, there was a clear trend toward improvements in respiratory and psychosocial functioning in the experimental group. Analyses of differences over time within the HME user group showed significant reductions in the incidence of coughing, the mean daily frequency of sputum production, forced expectoration, and stoma cleaning. Significant improvements were also found in shortness of breath, fatigue and malaise, sleep problems, levels of anxiety and depression, and perceived voice quality. Pulmonary function tests showed significant improvements in inspiratory flow and volume values following use of the HME. This objective improvement in inspiratory pulmonary function reflects the decrease in sputum production reported by the patients.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

XYY syndrome and other Y chromosome polysomies. Mental status and psychosocial functioning.

In this report we review the data on 75 male patients with extra Y chromosome diagnosed in Leuven in the period 1968-1993 among 98,725 patients (males and females) referred for constitutional chromosomal analysis. Special attention was given to their mental performance and psychosocial functioning. 1. Fifty male with 47,XYY karyotype were diagnosed. This is very close to the incidence of XYY in newborn studies and indicates that the frequency of MR/MCA is not increased in XYY male in general. 2. In the 60 patients with "pure" Y chromosome polysomy, the most frequent indication for karyotyping was the presence of MR and/or characterological problems in the index patients. Mental retardation was mostly borderline to mild, and severe mental retardation was rare. Characterological problems, difficulties in psychosocial integration and psychiatric problems were found in 86% of the mentally retarded versus 24% of the mentally normal men. 3. The 48,XXYY syndrome is characterized by markedly frequent and severe behavioural and psychiatric problems.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1989

Physical and psychosocial functioning of adult survivors of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

While prospects for long-term survival following bone marrow transplantation (BMT) have increased, little is known about the quality of that survival. The present study was intended to document the physical and psychosocial functioning of survivors of allogeneic BMT as well as identify factors associated with variability in post-BMT functioning. Twenty-three patients who were living at home and were between 3 and 52 months post-BMT completed the Functional Living Index - Cancer and the Profile of Mood States. Results revealed that current functioning varied considerably across patients. The older a patient was at time of transplant, the poorer his current functioning was, particularly in the physical domain. Current functioning was not significantly associated with time since transplant, the diagnosis of acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease, or dose of total body irradiation given as part of BMT conditioning. Despite differences in functional status, however, only one patient indicated that he would not make the same choice again to undergo BMT. Information about the long-term functioning of BMT survivors is critical for the process of obtaining informed consent. Additionally, understanding of factors associated with variability in post-BMT functioning can increase the likelihood that patients will ultimately return to a normal, productive life.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

The psychosocial functioning of children and spouses of adults with ADHD.

BACKGROUND: It is unclear what the impact of parental ADHD is on the day-to-day life of the rest of the family and how it contributes to the intergenerational transmission of this disorder. METHOD: The psychosocial functioning of 23 spouses and 63 children of 33 families with an ADHD parent and 20 spouses and 40 children of 26 comparison families was examined. Both adults and their spouses were assessed for lifetime and current Axis I and Axis II diagnoses, present general psychiatric symptoms and their marital relationships. Children were screened for ADHD and other problems, using the C-DISC, CBLC, TRF and the Social Adjustment Inventory. RESULTS: Children with an ADHD parent had higher rates of psychopathology than those from comparison families. Children with ADHD had more co-morbidities than non-ADHD children. Family and marital functions were impaired in ADHD families regardless of the gender of the affected parent. Children without ADHD from families with one psychiatrically healthy parent did well while the behaviour of children with ADHD was always poor and not associated with parental mental health. CONCLUSION: The results underscore the strong genetic contribution to ADHD and the need to carefully assess the non-ADHD parent as they seem to influence the well-being of non-ADHD children in families with an ADHD parent.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Psychosocial functioning in chronic epilepsy: relation to hippocampal volume and histopathological findings.

MRI volumetric measurements of the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampal volume (HV) were performed in a group of 37 patients with lesional and non-lesional temporal (TLE), and extratemporal lobe (ETLE) lobe epilepsy. Twenty-six patients underwent surgery and the resected tissues subjected to histopathological examination. Psychosocial scores were calculated on the basis of employment, partnership/family status and presence of a positive psychiatric history. Poorest values were obtained for the group with right lesional and non-lesional TLE (RTLE, p < 0.001). In this group, significant positive correlations between psychosocial functioning and the left hippocampal volume or age of onset were observed. We found that the left hippocampal volume in RTLE was smaller with increasing epilepsy duration. We conclude that patients with RTLE represent a particular group with regard to the structural and psychosocial consequences of chronic epilepsy. With regard to histopathological analysis, no particular type of lesion was identified as the major determinant of the results described above.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

Physical and psychosocial function in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical use of a self-administered health status instrument.

The treatment of chronic disease is often directed at preservation of function, but most functional measures are crude, and rarely include indicators of psychosocial status. The Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) is a newer "health status" measure designed to comprehensively assess such outcomes. The functional and psychosocial impacts of rheumatoid arthritis and their relation to disease duration were measured by having 79 patients self-administer the SIP. Disease impacts were pervasive, including effects on leisure, social, and sexual activities, as well as physical function. While physical and psychosocial disease impacts were positively correlated, the association diminished with longer duration of disease. The self-administered SIP appears to be practical and useful in clinical settings. Specific results may help to target patient education, increase physician awareness of the distress patients experience, suggest that the need for social rehabilitative services, and help monitor responses to therapy.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1998

Cognitive deficits, psychopathology, and psychosocial functioning in bipolar mood disorder.

The objective of this study was to study the relationship of poor functioning, cognition, and psychopathology in bipolar mood disorder. The authors assessed 36 patients with bipolar mood disorder (23 VA, 13 community) for the presence of psychopathology, cognitive deficits, and psychosocial impairment. The authors assessed psychopathology using screening and follow-up questions based on the schedule for affective disorder and schizophrenia, lifetime version (SADS-L), schedule for the assessment for negative symptoms (SANS), and schedule for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS), and psychosensory features using the "Profile of Psychomotor Symptoms." They tested cognitive functioning in the following domains: 1) general intelligence and language, 2) verbal and visual memory, and 3) visuospatial functioning. They also assessed psychosocial functioning using a structured scale to assess maladjustment and an impairment rating scale. Patients with bipolar disorder showed significant impairment compared to age equivalent normals in several cognitive domains. Anhedonia was related to memory deficits. Memory deficits were also associated with poor psychosocial functioning. This study demonstrates that nondemented, asymptomatic patients with bipolar disorder exhibit substantial cognitive deficits that are associated with poor functioning, and anhedonia and avolition best predict this outcome.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive and psychosocial functioning in patients with mild hypertension.

The effects of 16 weeks of physical exercise training on the psychological functioning of 90 patients with mild hypertension were examined. At baseline and after 16 weeks of training, patients completed a psychometric test battery that included objective measures of neuropsychological performance and standardized self-report measures of psychosocial functioning. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: aerobic exercise, strength training and flexibility exercise, or a waiting list control group. After training, there were no group differences on any of the psychological measures, even though patients who engaged in exercise perceived themselves as functioning better in a number of psychological domains.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Psychosocial functioning of the people with delusional disorders under forensic psychiatric observation in the ward of forensic psychiatry in 1998-2002.

In the literature on the subject frequency and kind of deeds committed by people with mental illness in relation to individual clinical diagnoses are analyzed mainly, whereas little attention is paid to the issue of their psychosocial functioning. Intellectual functioning of the people manifesting delusional disorders in the course of committing attributed deeds, was on an average level. The patients' social functioning was on a low level.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Brain morphometry and cognitive performance in detoxified alcohol-dependents with preserved psychosocial functioning.

The extent of structural brain damage and related cognitive deficits has been little described in alcohol-dependent individuals with preserved social functioning. Thus, we investigated the relationship between regional alterations, executive performance, and drinking history. Volumes of gray and white matter were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging voxel-based morphometry in healthy men and in detoxified alcohol-dependent men with good psychosocial functioning. Their executive performance was assessed using neuropsychological tests. Regression analyses were carried out in the regions in which volume differences were detected. Decreases in gray matter were detected bilaterally in alcohol-dependents in the dorsolateral frontal cortex (up to 20% lower), and to a lesser extent in the temporal cortex, insula, thalamus, and cerebellum. Decreases in white matter volume were widespread, being up to 10% in corpus callosum. The degradation of neuropsychological performance correlated with gray matter volume decreases in the frontal lobe, insula, hippocampus, thalami and cerebellum, and with white matter decrease in the brainstem. An early age at first drinking was associated with decreased gray matter volumes in the cerebellum, brainstem (pons), and frontal regions. Regional alteration in gray and white matter volume was associated with impairment of executive function despite preserved social and somatic functioning in detoxified patients. Besides involving frontal regions, these findings are consistent with a cerebello-thalamo-cortical model of impaired executive functions in alcohol-dependent individuals.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed2004

The impact of high neuroticism in parents on children's psychosocial functioning in a population at high risk for major affective disorder: a family-environmental pathway of intergenerational risk.

Behavioral genetic studies indicate that nongenetic factors play a role in the development of bipolar and major depressive disorders. The trait of neuroticism is common among individuals with major affective disorders. We hypothesized that high neuroticism among parents affects the family environment and parenting practices and thereby increases the risk of psychosocial problems among offspring. This hypothesis is tested in a sample of participants at high and low risk for major affective disorders, which contained parents with bipolar disorder (55), major depression (21), or no mental disorder (148) and their 146 children between 4 and 14 years of age. Parents with high neuroticism scores were characterized by low psychosocial functioning, poor parenting, more dependent stressful life events, and the use of more emotion-focused and less task-oriented coping skills. High neuroticism in parents was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems among the children, as assessed by parent and teacher ratings on the Child Behavior Checklist and clinician ratings. The results suggest that high neuroticism in parents with major affective disorders is associated with inadequate parenting practices and the creation of a stressful family environment, which are subsequently related to psychosocial problems among the offspring.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1999

Deinstitutionalization and schizophrenia in Finland II: discharged patients and their psychosocial functioning.

Three representative cohorts of schizophrenia patients deinstitutionalized from psychiatric hospitals in 1982, 1986, and 1990 were followed up for 3 years in Finland. Patients of the last cohort were older, more disturbed, and had been ill for a longer time than those discharged at the beginning of the 1980s. Despite this, the mortality of patients deinstitutionalized in 1990 did not increase, and their psychosocial functioning seemed to become even better during the 3-year follow-up period compared with those deinstitutionalized during the previous decade. Patients who had been discharged in 1990 were more often living alone than those discharged in the 1980s. Homelessness was rare throughout the study period. In general, patients were more satisfied with their life situation at follow-up compared with that on discharge. Furthermore, most patients were satisfied with their treatment situation. Altogether, the psychiatric care system seemed to be able to meet schizophrenia patients' need for care fairly well during the rapid deinstitutionalization process in Finland. More attention, however, should be paid to the loneliness and social withdrawal of discharged patients as well as to other disabilities in their social functioning.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

Effects of gender and diagnosis on addiction history, treatment utilization, and psychosocial functioning among a dually-diagnosed sample in drug treatment.

There has been increased recognition of the clinical treatment needs of patients with co-occurring mental and substance use disorders and the heterogeneity of this group with regard to types of substances used and mental disorders. This article examines differences between men and women diagnosed with mood or psychotic disorders at admission to residential drug treatment, specifically regarding their addiction history, treatment history, perceived service needs, and psychosocial functioning. Males initiated drug use at a younger age and had higher levels of dependence on alcohol, cannabis, and opioids. There were no differences among groups in treatment history, motivation, or initiation. Males had higher rates of being under legal supervision and engaging in property crime, whereas females had higher rates of prostitution. Females had greater needs for family- and trauma-related services, and females with psychotic disorders had the highest needs for basic services. There were no differences among groups in barriers to treatment, quality of life, self-efficacy, or family support. Individuals with psychotic disorders had more symptoms of psychological distress; females had higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder. Differences among dually-diagnosed individuals related to gender and diagnosis need to be considered in treatment planning and in matching services to patient needs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Quality of life in inflammatory bowel disease: the interaction of disease activity with psychosocial function.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the disease-specific and psychological factors that influence quality of life (QOL) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as measured by the recently developed IBD disease-specific QOL measure the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). METHODS: Twenty-two patients (eight males and 14 females) were studied, 16 with Crohn's disease and six with ulcerative colitis (mean age 32 yr). Patients' disease activity was measured with the Dutch Crohn's activity index and the St. Mark's colitis activity index, and QOL was measured by the IBDQ. All patients completed self-report questionnaires for psychological function, which included the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP), the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL), and the Self-Control Schedule (SCS). RESULTS: By combining the psychological measures and the disease activity into a single variable, this composite variable significantly predicted QOL (r = 0.53, p < 0.02), but disease activity alone did not predict overall QOL. Improved psychosocial functioning (Sickness Impact Profile) predicted greater overall QOL (IBDQ total: r = -0.49, p < 0.05) and better social functioning (r = -0.65, p < 0.01). Greater psychological distress (SCL) and disease activity predicted more systemic symptoms [SCL-Positive Symptom Total (PST): r = -0.48, p < 0.05; disease activity: r = -0.65, p < 0.03) and poorer emotional functioning (SCL-PST: r = minus] 0.75, p < 0.001; disease activity: r = -0.82, p < .03). Disease type, gender, age of onset, and psychological coping (SCS) were not predictive of disease-specific QOL, but coping (SCS) was significantly correlated with psychological distress (r = -0.58, p < 0.05 for the SCL-90-PST). CONCLUSION: This study confirms the importance of psychological functioning in determining QOL of IBD patients and must be considered jointly with disease activity.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed1989

Psychosocial functioning of learning-disabled children: replicability of statistically derived subtypes.

The PIC scores of 132 learning-disabled children between the ages of 6 and 12 years were investigated using Q-factor analysis, four hierarchical-agglomerative clustering techniques, and one iterative partitioning clustering technique. Results revealed excellent correspondence between the subtypes derived by all grouping methods in terms of both misclassifications and mean PIC profile similarity of the subtypes across techniques. The mean PIC profile of one subtype indicated normal psychosocial adjustment; a second subtype exhibited evidence of significant internalized psychopathology; a third subtype had a mean PIC profile suggestive of externalized psychosocial maladjustment. These subtypes were virtually identical to three subtypes reported by Porter and Rourke (1985) in another study of learning-disabled children. The results indicate that learning-disabled children comprise a heterogeneous population in terms of psychosocial functioning and that subtypes of learning-disabled children with similar patterns of socioemotional adjustment can be recovered reliably from this population across samples and statistical grouping techniques.

Child↗

PubMed1990

Psychosocial functioning of learning-disabled children: relations between WISC Verbal IQ-Performance IQ discrepancies and personality subtypes.

A total of 132 children with learning disabilities (LD) between the ages of 6 and 12 years were divided equally into 3 groups on the basis of the difference between WISC VIQ-PIQ scores (viz., VIQ greater than PIQ, VIQ = PIQ, and VIQ less than PIQ). The mean Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) profiles for the VIQ = PIQ and VIQ less than PIQ groups were normal; however, the VIQ greater than PIQ group showed pathological elevations on some PIC scales. Group average linkage cluster analysis using 10 PIC scales revealed 6 psychosocial subtypes. Within these subtypes, children with VIQ greater than PIQ were found at lower than expected frequencies in normal and mildly disturbed subtypes, but at higher than expected frequencies in seriously disturbed subtypes. These results support the notion that patterns of cognitive performance are related to patterns of psychosocial functioning in children with LD.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Mothers of undernourished Jamaican children have poorer psychosocial functioning and this is associated with stimulation provided in the home.

OBJECTIVES: To compare mothers of undernourished children with mothers of adequately nourished children on maternal depression, parenting self-esteem, social support and exposure to stressors and to determine if these variables are independently related to undernutrition and stimulation provided in the home after controlling for socio-economic status. DESIGN: A case control study. SETTING: Children and their mothers were recruited from 18 government health centres in the Kingston, St Andrew and St Catherine parishes of Jamaica. SUBJECTS: One hundred and thirty-nine mothers of undernourished children (WAZ< or =-1.5z scores) aged 9 - 30 months and 71 mothers of adequately nourished children (WAZ > -1z scores) matched for sex and age group were enrolled into the study. RESULTS: Mothers of undernourished children came from poorer homes but had similar social support to mothers of adequately nourished children. They were more depressed, had lower levels of parenting self-esteem (both P<0.01), reported higher levels of economic stress (P<0.001) and provided a less stimulating home environment (P<0.05). However, after controlling for social background variables there was no independent relationship between either psychosocial function or home stimulation and nutritional status. Undernutrition was found to be mainly explained by economic factors. The mothers' self-esteem was independently associated with the level of stimulation provided to the child. CONCLUSIONS: When caring for undernourished children attention should be paid to the psychosocial status of the mother as well as the physical condition of the child. SPONSORSHIP: Thrasher Research Fund; Campus Research and Publication Fund, UWI, Jamaica.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1990

Relationship between pain, disease severity and psychosocial function in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA).

At their first admission to hospital, 57 children (7-16 yrs) with definite or suspected rheumatic disease were interviewed regarding their perceptions of quality and intensity of pain and disease severity. All children reported pain. This was most often described as 'aching' (74%). The assessments of quality and quantity of pain by the children did not differ between diagnostic, age, or gender groups, or between children with or without previous exposure to other persons with rheumatic diseases. Actual pain intensity was correlated with disease severity assessed by the child and the parent. However, pain intensity was not correlated with a global assessment of disease severity by the physician or the child's psychosocial functioning. These findings may indicate a need for more generally accepted criteria of disease severity and pain assessment in patients with JCA.

Adolescent↗