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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Four years of induction/synchronization of estrus in dairy goats: effect on the evolution of eCG binding rate in relation with the parameters of reproduction.

Ninety-eight Alpine goats of two herds were followed over 4 years in a program of annual artificial insemination after estrus induction/synchronization, including progestagen administration (vaginal sponge) followed by prostaglandin analog and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) 48 h before sponge removal. Goats were sampled every 4 hours from the 16th to the 56th following sponge removal, for determination of LH surge and tested for estrus by the presence of a buck. Seven days after AI, endoscopic examination of the ovaries was performed to determine the number of corpus lutea. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed at day 21-22 post AI by determination of plasma progesterone and at day 40-45 by ultrasonography. Parturition, number and sex of kids were recorded. All the goats were sampled before and after each treatment, for anti-eCG antibodies screening. Statistical analysis of the results clearly established a significant effect of the treatments on anti-eCG antibodies. Time of estrus and LH surge were significantly different between herd. The antibodies significantly delayed the time of coming out of estrus as well as the time of LH surge. Two antagonistic effects were evidenced: first, the delayed of time of estrus and time of LH surge in relation with the immune reaction to eCG; secondly, the ahead of time of estrus and time of LH surge during the years of treatment, identical to both herd. The antibodies negatively influenced the percentage of ovulating females as well as kidding rate. Finally, no effect of antibodies on prolificacy was found.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of low doses of cyproterone acetate on sperm morphology and some other parameters of reproduction in normal men.

Cyproterone acetate was given to three healthy men in a dosage of 10 mg per day for 8-14 weeks. The effects on sperm count, morphology, motility and vitality was followed weekly and compared with the effects of 25 mg daily in another case. Sperm morphology included the study of live spermatozoa separately. The effects on serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and oestrogens was also studied. With respect to sperm count and morphology a dose-effect relationship is indicated. Abnormalities within tails and midpieces of live spermatozoa appear early and may predict sterility before azoospermia develops. FSH and oestrogens were comparatively more depressed than LH and testosterone. The results indicate that cyproterone acetate may have an androgenic (or gestagenic) effect on the hypophyseo-hypothalamic level in addition to an antiandrogenic effect on gonads and their accessory organs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Double-blind Y chromosome microdeletion analysis in men with known sperm parameters and reproductive hormone profiles: microdeletions are specific for spermatogenic failure.

Y chromosome microdeletions have been reported as a possible genetic factor of male infertility. Despite a large number of studies in this subject, there is still considerable debate and confusion surrounding the role of Y chromosome microdeletions in male infertility. This has been further compounded by observations of Y microdeletions in fertile males. The aim of the present study was to evaluate: 1) the incidence of Y microdeletions in control male population and infertile males, where complete semen and hormonal analysis was available to define whether Y microdeletions are specific for spermatogenic failure or if they can be found also in normospermic men; and 2) whether the suboptimal semen quality reported in Denmark is associated with a higher incidence of Y microdeletions in respect to other populations. Double-blind molecular study of deletions was performed in 138 consecutive patients seeking intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment, 100 men of known fertility, and 107 young military conscripts from the general Danish population. Microdeletions or gene-specific deletions were not detected in normospermic subjects or in subfertile men with a sperm count of more than 1 x 10(6)/mL. Deletions of the Azoospermia factor (AZF)c region were detected in 17% of individuals with idiopathic azoo/cryptozoospermia and in 7% of individuals with nonidiopathic azoo/cryptozoospermia. The data indicate that: 1) the composition of the study population is the major factor in determining deletion frequency; 2) Y chromosome microdeletions are specifically associated with severe spermatogenic failure; therefore, the protocol described here is reliable for the routine clinical workup of severe male factor infertility; and 3) the frequency of Yq microdeletions in the Danish population is similar to that from other countries and argues against the involvement of microdeletions in the relatively low sperm count of the Danish population.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Analysis of historical control litter parameters of reproduction toxicity studies in Sprague-Dawley derived rats.

Control litter data from reproduction toxicity studies in SD derived rats bred in our closed colony were investigated for historical changes, differences due to study design or generations, seasonal variations and effects of vehicle-treatment. The litter size did not change visibly during the entire 16-year period, but the number of live fetuses differed significantly between study designs or generations. The fetal weight gradually increased during these years. The malformation rate decreased, while the rate of 14 th ribs remained stable. There were no seasonal variations and no effects of vehicle-treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The role of DDE, PCB, coplanar PCB and eggshell parameters for reproduction in the white-tailed sea eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) in Sweden.

The reproduction of white-tailed sea eagles was monitored in 1964-1999 in 3 differently contaminated sub-populations: Baltic Sea coast (Bp), inland central Sweden (Ip) and Lapland (Lp). 249 dead eggs from 205 clutches were obtained for analyses of DDE and PCBs and for eggshell measurements. A desiccation index (Di) value was calculated for each egg as a measure of water loss through the shell. In the highly contaminated Bp, p,p'-DDE concentrations in the eggs decreased continuously and 5-fold during the study period and PCB concentrations decreased 3-fold from the mid 1980s. The PCB pattern changed slightly over time towards more high-chlorinated congeners but the relative toxicity of the PCB mixture, expressed as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQ), remained constant and TEQ can be assumed to have decreased in a similar way as PCB over time. Productivity (P), shell thickness (St), shell index (Si) and Di increased over time in the Bp but no change in Di or productivity occurred in the Lp, where residue concentrations were 5-8 times lower. P of the Bp was not correlated to St or Si but was negatively correlated to Di, DDE and PCB. An S-shaped dose-response relationship was indicated between P and DDE. After 1988, when the PCB/DDE ratio was considerably higher than previously, PCB but not DDE concentrations were significantly higher in eggs with dead embryos as compared to undeveloped eggs, implying lethal concentrations of PCB, and a LOEL of 320 pg g-1 TEQ is suggested for embryo mortality. In a subset of 21 eggs, representing productive and unproductive females, analyzed for a selection of coplanar PCB congeners, tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol and bis(4-chlorophenyl) sulphone, there was no evidence for a correlation between P and any of these compounds. A reduction in residue concentrations in old females did not lead to increased P or improved Di-values, indicating a remaining effect from a previous, higher exposure to contaminants. The inability to reproduce included a high rate of undeveloped eggs, indicating effects at a prezygotic stage. P showed the strongest correlation with Di, and Di was most strongly correlated to DDE. Thus, the remaining effect of previous exposure resulted in a stronger correlation to the symptom (Di) rather than to the suggested causative agent (DDE). LOEL values for depressed P were estimated at 120 micrograms g-1 DDE and 500 micrograms g-1 PCB (lipid basis). It is concluded that the major reason for depressed P during the study period was DDE, but that effects also from PCB were largely concealed by the effects from DDE.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Effects of short-term administration of alpha-chlorohydrin on reproductive toxicity parameters in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

alpha-Chlorohydrin (alpha-CH) was administered orally at doses of 0, 2 or 8 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks to Sprague-Dawley male rats. At the end of the administration period or 2 weeks after withdrawal (one group also treated with 8 mg/kg for 4 weeks), males were mated (treatment with alpha-CH was continued throughout the mating period of 2 weeks) with untreated females, and underwent examination, including assessment of sperm, to determine fertility. No significant treatment-associated changes were observed in terms of body weight, food consumption, or weights of the testes, epididymides or prostate in either the 2 or the 8 mg/kg group. Although there were no significant differences in sperm number, viability or maturation rate between either of the treated groups and the control group, sperm motility in the 8 mg/kg group observed after 2 hours incubation and sperm activity in groups treated with 8 mg/kg observed immediately after collection or after 2 hours incubation, as well as in the 2 mg/kg observed after 2 hours of incubation were significantly decreased. Two weeks after withdrawal (8 mg/kg group only), sperm motility and activity were no longer decreased. Histopathological examination of the testes after 4 weeks of alpha-CH administration disclosed no abnormalities on staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin after fixation in Bouin's solution. All treated male rats copulated with untreated females, but no pregnancy resulted from mating in the 8 mg/kg continuous administration case. There were no significant differences between the control and 2 mg/kg groups in numbers of corpora lutea and implantations in animals becoming pregnant. Two weeks after withdrawal, male rats treated with 8 mg/kg copulated and impregnated females. These findings suggest that evaluation of male fertility is possible within or following a 2-week treatment period for compounds like alpha-CH which have no toxicological, histopathological or sperm morphological effects, and that the use of several parameters for sperm examination is important in determining male fertility.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of metformin on endocrine parameters and reproductive function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

The effect of metformin has been studied among 42 patients of reproductive age with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therapy for 6-months was associated with regular menstrual cycle in 54.3% women, (ovulation was observed in 28.6%). After therapy 19.1% patients became pregnant. Serum levels LH fell from 16.3+/-1.45 to 8.9+/-0.82 IU/l, T from 3.3+/-0.17 to 2.0+/-0.17 nmol/l, (p<0.01). We noted increase of GH from 2.7+/-0.98 to 9.0+/-1.91 nmol/l and SHBG from 36.4+/-2.6 to 58.2+/-4.11 nmol/l, (p<0.01). After therapy we observed decrease of insulin responses during oral glucose tolerance test, (p<0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The effect of intravaginal applied gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist on different oestrous parameters and reproductive performance in post weaned sows.

In a Hungarian large breeding unit, 481 weaned sows were assigned to three groups and were treated as follows. Sows in Group 1 (Control, n=161) were artificially inseminated (3.01 +/- 0.4 times) during their standing reflex; sows in Group 2 (n=160) were artificially inseminated 3 times at 12-hour intervals, independent of detection of oestrus and immediately after administration of a GnRH-agonist at 96 hours postweaning; and sows in Group 3 (n=160) were artificially inseminated 3 times at 12-hour intervals, beginning at their standing reflex after administration of a GnRH-agonist. Pre-trial daily average lactational feed intake, average daily feed intake from weaning to oestrus, oestrus within 6 days of weaning (%), ovulation within 6 days of weaning (%), wean-to-oestrus interval (h), duration of oestrus (h), follicle size (mm), interval from oestrus to ovulation (h), subsequent day 24 pregnancy rate (%), farrowing rate (%) and total number of pigs born were evaluated. Pre-trial average daily voluntary lactational feed intake was 7.1 +/- 0.5 kg in Group 1, 7.2 +/- 0.4 kg in Group 2, and 7.3 +/- 0.7 kg in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Average voluntary daily feed intake from weaning-to-oestrus was 4.3 +/- 0.9 kg in Group 1, 4.2 +/- 0.8 kg in Group 2, and 4.1 +/- 0.5 kg in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Oestrus was detected within 6 days of weaning in 143 (88.8%) sows in Group 1, 143 (89.4%) sows in Group 2, and in 142 (88.8%) sows in Group 3. Follicle size did not differ (P > 0.05) among the groups. In Group 1, 83.2%, in Group 2, 90.6%, and in Group 3,91.3% of the sows ovulated within 6 days of weaning (P < 0.05), but there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in 24 Day pregnancy rates (81.4%; 91.3%; and 92.5%). Farrowing rates were in Group 1, 84.5%, in Group 2, 91.3%, in Group 3, 91.9% (P > 0.05). Wean-to-oestrus interval was 115.5 h in Group 1, 114.9 h in Group 2, and 115.7 h in Group 3 (P > 0.05). Duration of oestrus was significantly shorter in Group 2 (41.9 h) and Group 3 (42.1 h) than in Group 1 (68.3 h) (P < 0.001). Similarly, the interval from oestrus to ovulation was significantly different (P < 0.01) between the groups (Group 1, 49.0 h Group 2, 32.0 h, and Group 3, 31.1 h). Sows in Group 2 (12.7) and Group 3 (12.6) had a significantly higher (P < 0.01) number of pigs born than sows in Group 1 (n = 10.9). The interval between oestrus and ovulation was highly and positively correlated (r = 0.83) with the duration of oestrus.

Administration, Intravaginal↗
PubMed1989

[The effect of hydroxyprogesterone caproate and its combination with tamoxifen on steroid hormone receptors in the tumor and on the basic parameters of reproductive homeostasis in patients with cancer of the corpus uteri].

Oxyprogesterone capronate (OPC) was administered preoperatively to 46 patients with endometrial tumors and tamoxifen (T) + OPC--to 72 patients. Complex treatment was followed by more pronounced pathomorphosis in tumor. Both schedules inhibited gonadotropin secretion and lowered colpocytoscopic indexes. Dual effect of complex treatment (T + OPC) on the level of cytoplasmic receptors to progesterone was observed. Initially low levels rose while high ones dropped by the end of a 20-day course. Progestin treatment in endometrial carcinoma patients with relatively low estrogen levels should be complemented with tamoxifen to stimulate tumor sensitivity to progestagens.

17 alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate↗
PubMed1979

[Some parameters in reproduction of a Maroccain sheep breed (race d'Man) (author's transl)].

The importance of the sheep in Marocco was shown with help of statistical data. As there exist very few scientific work on sheep reproduction in this country, we began to work on local breeds with the race d'Man. The breed is asaisonal and is able to lamb 2 times within 13 months, with mostly 2 or more youngs (1,8 lambs per partum). The delay of gestation was found with 150 days, the duration of a cycle 17 days. The libido shown by the rams is violent. They easily accepted an other male as phantome for the collection of sperm with the easily accepted artificial vagina. The gonads are ovoid formed and are early developed. Remarkable is the tail of the epididymis which is covered in a pocketlike formed structure of the distal scrotum. Its volume is remarkable. Concerning the characteristics of the sperm there is no difference with other breeds. Therefore the conclusion seems reasonable that this apparent development of the epididmymis tail is an organ for thermoregulation for the sperm as the breeds origin are the oasis of the Sahara. The early onset of puberty as well as the violent sexual interest and the high rate of reproduction and asaisonal behavior could be a reference to a "primitive breed".

Animals↗
PubMed2002

The seasonal reproductive cycle of a marsupial, Antechinus stuartii: effects of oral administration of melatonin.

Antechinus stuartii is a small marsupial with a brief, highly synchronised mating period believed to be controlled by the rate of change of photoperiod. Two experiments were performed to explore aspects of photoperiodic control of the seasonal cycle. In the first experiment the pineal hormone, melatonin, administered in the drinking water from the winter solstice, changed the normal response of A. stuartii to increasing rate of change of photoperiod. Melatonin administration shifted the induction of estrus in the females from the first week of August (controls) to an earlier time of mid-July and the consequent pouch changes associated with pregnancy and pseudo-pregnancy were also shifted by the same length of time. Post-mating decline and consequent death of males were also accelerated. In the second experiment melatonin was administered from the autumnal equinox, and this experimental protocol resulted in a desynchronisation of reproductive events. Melatonin administration desynchronised the female reproductive cycle, such that the mating period was extended to eight weeks, instead of the two weeks displayed by control females. Pouch changes and birth of young reflected this desynchronisation. Melatonin administration in males resulted in desynchronisation of reproductive parameters. While the normal yearly reproductive cycle was approximated in these males, the high syncronisation of reproductive maturation and male mortality events observed in control males, was not evident in melatonin-treated males. These results indicate that the pineal gland by way of the hormone melatonin is important in the synchronisation of the unusual life history of this marsupial mammal.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Reproductive and morphological effects of o,p'-dicofol on two generations of captive American kestrels.

A two-generation laboratory study was conducted on a captive population of American kestrels (Falco sparverius) to investigate the possible reproductive and teratogenic effects of the pesticide dicofol. Paired females were exposed to three levels of dicofol: 0, 5, and 20 mg/kg. Integrity of the reproductive tract of the resulting embryos was examined. Viable eggs were hatched, and these birds were permitted to breed the following year. Breeding performance for these birds was measured based on their ability to form pair bonds and exhibit normal behavior in the presence of a mate. Clutch completion, fertility, hatchability, and number of hatchlings reared to the fledging were used as reproductive parameters. Females dosed with 20 mg/kg of dicofol laid eggs with shells that were significantly (p < 0.05) thinner than those of the control birds. Residue levels of dicofol in the form of dichlorobenzophenone were detected in the first and second clutch eggs of the 20-mg/kg dose group only. Male embryos from females dosed with 5 and 20 mg/kg of dicofol had gonads that were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control chicks. Feminization of male embryos was confirmed by the presence of primordial germ cells in the male gonad. Second-generation adult 5-mg/kg females showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater number of eggs and hatched chicks lost when compared to second-generation control females. Similar results were found in second-generation 5-mg/kg males paired with normal females and had a significant (p < 0.05) number of chicks die posthatching. Results of second-generation breeding parameters indicate a negative effect on reproductive behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Therapeutic considerations in the management of the climacteric. A critical analysis of prevalent treatments.

The natural aging process affects a woman greatly during the climacteric; hormonal patterns, metabolic parameters, reproductive target organs and bone are involved. In every instance one can compare these changes with the effects of hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) on these same parameters. Therapy should reverse the negative trends imposed by the aging process and preserve the status quo. The approach must be holistic, and consideration must be given to the effects of HRT on all the parameters and not just to the uterus as the sole end point. Ideally the smallest amount of hormone should be used that will effectively treat symptoms and favorably affect metabolic parameters, the reproductive target organs and bone. Since recent clinical evidence has emphasized the protective nature of estrogen-plus-progestagen therapy in the prevention of endometrial and breast cancer and of osteoporosis, combination therapy is an essential feature of treatment. The shortfalls in our knowledge of the ideal therapy are undeniable. However, it is crucial to provide hormonal support with the available therapy to the woman suffering from estrogen-deficiency symptoms, particularly in view of the high mortality rates associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis, a preventable disease.

Adult↗