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PubMed1978

Comparison of computed and conventional whole lung tomography in detecting pulmonary nodules: a prospective radiologic-pathologic study.

Whole lung computed tomography (CT) was performed on 25 patients with clinical diagnoses including osteogenic sarcoma. Ewing's sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, and melanoma in whom conventional tomography had revealed from one to four parenchymal nodules in one lung deemed resectable for either staging or treatment purposes. Thoracotomy was performed within 3 weeks after conventional and computed whole lung tomography. All palpable nodules were resected, measured at the time of surgery, mapped by anatomic segment, and submitted for individual histologic evaluation. CT defined more nodules than conventional tomography in 48% of cases. The additional nodules were usually pleural or subpleural and 3--6 mn in diameter. CT identified 78% of all resected nodules greater than 3 mm in diameter, compared to 59% using conventional tomography. CT was also of value in detecting bilateral nodules earlier than conventional tomography and in documenting small nodule growth on successive examination. However, 60% of the additional nodules defined by CT and resected proved to be benign granulomas and pleural-based nodes at thoracotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Bioassay of dapsone for possible carcinogenicity.

A bioassay of dapsone, 4,4'-sulfonyldianiline, for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test material in feed to Fischer 344 rats and B6C3F1 mice. Groups of 35 rats and 35 mice of each sex were administered dapsone at one of two doses, either 600 or 1,200 ppm for rats and either 500 or 1,000 ppm for mice. The rats and mice were treated for 78 weeks; the rats were then observed for 26-28 weeks, the mice for 28-30 weeks. Matched controls consisted of groups of 15 untreated rats and 14 untreated mice of each sex, pooled controls, used for statistical evaluation, consisted of the matched controls combined with 30 male and 30 female untreated rats and 29 male and 29 female untreated mice from similarly performed bioassays of two other test chemicals. All surviving rats were killed at 104-106 weeks, all surviving mice at 106-108 weeks. Treated rats and mice had lower mean body weights than the corresponding controls; when treatment was discontinued at week 78, both species showed some increase in body weight. Survival among rats was unaffected by treatment with dapsone; adequate numbers of animals survived for meaningful statistical analyses of the incidences of tumors. Dapsone did not adversely affect the survival of mice, as shown by the test for positive dose-related trend. Suppurative bronchopneumonia was found in some mice in all matched-control and treated groups. Several control males died early in the study, while survival of the other groups of mice was not affected until week 75. Among rats, mesenchymal tumors of the abdominal organs or peritoneal tissues occurred in 13/35 low-dose males and 22/33 high-dose males. None occurred among control males or among control or treated females. The most commonly occurring tumors were fibroma, fibrosarcoma, or sarcoma, NOS (not otherwise specified), of the spleen and the peritoneum. In male rats, these mesenchymal tumors of the spleen occurred in a statistically significant incidence in both treated groups (low-dose 6/34, P=0.006; high-dose 14/32, P<0.001) when compared with pooled controls. In the peritoneum, the incidences of these mesenchymal tumors were significant in both treated groups (low-dose 5/35, P=0.014; high-dose 6/33, P=0.005) when compared with the pooled controls. No tumors related to treatment were found in female rats. Among the mice, there were no tumors that could clearly be related to treatment. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, dapsone was not carcinogenic for female Fischer 344 rats or B6C3F1 mice of either sex. Dapsone was carcinogenic (sarcomagenic) for male Fischer 344 rats, causing mesenchymal tumors in the spleen and the peritoneum.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

[A rare cardiac tumor: the malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Description of a case].

The present report describes the case of a 61-year-old woman with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the left atrium originating from the left atrial free wall, operated on in emergency for a suspected large left atrial myxoma that, at the echo scan, was consistently protruding through the left atrioventricular orifice at each diastole and was almost completely occluding the left ventricular inflow, causing signs of congestive heart failure and severe dyspnea. Surgery was performed as radically as possible, but the histological examination of the specimen revealed the exact diagnosis of the neoplasm. About 75% of primary tumors are benign and 75% of these are atrial myxomas. The malignant tumors consist of various sarcomas: myxosarcoma, liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, reticulum cell sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The long-term results for sarcomas are very poor and there are few survivors after several months from surgery due to the extent of local spread and invasion or because of the frequent distant metastases. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma constitutes about 2% of all cardiac malignancies, which might grow within several localized areas, occasionally in the heart. Echocardiography represents the best examination procedure for both diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cardiac tumors.

Female↗
PubMed1990

[Clinico-pathological study of primary malignant chest wall tumors].

Clinicopathological studies of primary malignant chest wall tumor on 16 cases operated between 1962 and 1988 were made. Of 9 osteogenic sarcomas, 8 cases were chondrosarcoma and 1 case was Ewing's sarcoma. Of 7 soft part sarcomas, 2 cases were fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma and neurogenic sarcoma respectively, and one case was hemangiosarcoma. Most of the cases had symptoms, such as chest mass and/or chest pain comprehend symptoms for more than one year. The intrathoracic growth of tumor is common, especially in osteogenic sarcoma. The maximum size of tumor was 8.2 cm in a mean diameter. Preoperative histological diagnosis is difficult to make even though various radiologic diagnosis or pathological technique as biopsy or cytology were assessed. And true rate of preoperative diagnosis is limited only 43.8%. Wide resection combined with the tissue distant more than 3 cm length from tumor is recommended and 6 cases underwent combined resection of diaphragm, pericardium or lung. 3 cases underwent chest wall reconstruction using the Marlex mesh and 10 cases were able to direct closure, in 13 cases with ribs resection. The 5 year survival rate of endurable cases was 62.2%, and that of soft tissue sarcoma (68.6%) is better than that of osteogenic sarcoma (41.7%). The recurrent or metastatic rate in high, 7 cases (43.8%), but reoperation was added for 5 cases of local recurrence or for a case of lung metastasis. 5 year survival rate of cases with recurrence or metastases is relatively good, 46.8%, especially excellent in 4 cases with recurred lesions after more than 2 years of tumor free interval.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Spontaneous abnormalities in normal fibroblasts from patients with Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome: aneuploidy and immortalization.

Families of patients with the Li-Fraumeni cancer syndrome have an inherited pattern of sarcomas and various other types of cancers that follow a dominant mode of transmission, an early age of onset, and exhibit multiple primary tumors. As soft tissue sarcomas (including fibrosarcomas) are frequently observed with this syndrome, the in vitro growth characteristics of fibroblasts derived from skin biopsies of Li-Fraumeni syndrome patients were studied. Control fibroblasts maintained a normal morphology and eventually senesced in culture. Fibroblasts from seven of eight affected individuals developed changes in morphology, anchorage-independent growth, and chromosomal abnormalities. In a fashion similar to that of fibroblasts from normal donors they underwent a growth crisis during which their growth was slow, but they continued to grow past the point at which control samples had stopped dividing (35 population doublings). Fibroblasts from Li-Fraumeni cancer patients escape senescence, growing well beyond 35 population doublings with growth rates similar to early-passage cells. Patient fibroblasts maintain the morphology of a transformed cell but remain nontumorigenic in nude mice. These observations of the behavior of fibroblasts from patients with the Li-Fraumeni syndrome may have predictive value for the determination of gene carriers within these families who are at high risk of cancer.

Aneuploidy↗
PubMed1989

[Angiographic features of malignant fibrous histiocytomas].

The angiographic findings in eight cases with malignant fibrous histiocytomas are described. These lesions were well demarcated and demonstrated fine tumor vessels, homogenous stains with avascular areas presenting central necrosis. But these angiographic findings could not differentiate MFH from synovial sarcoma and fibrosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Primary sarcoma of the lung].

The authors present two cases of rare primary lung neoplasms smooth cell sarcoma and fibrosarcoma. Diagnostical dilemmas are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Therapy of disseminated NK-resistant tumor by the synergistic effects of recombinant interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor.

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-2 each in recombinant form have antitumor activity against established tumors if used in high enough dosages. The problem associated with such high dosages is the high degree of toxicity and expense encountered. Therefore, this study was undertaken to look at the antitumor efficacy of these two lymphokines when used together at dosages well below the toxic levels. Our results using recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) against established methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma (MCA sarcoma) pulmonary metastases showed that TNF and IL-2 therapy at low nontoxic dosages alone did not produce significant tumor regression, but when combined at the same dosage synergize producing significant antitumor effects in mice induced with MCA sarcoma. This was also evident from histopathological examination of the lungs where the maximum tumor reduction along with the maximum lymphocytic infiltration into tumor was seen when TNF and IL-2 were combined. In this tumor regression, inherent immunity of the treated mice was needed, since in those mice in which we induced immunosuppression by using radiation, tumor regression was not seen when TNF and IL-2 therapy was combined in the doses efficacious in immunocompetent mice. Tumor regression is also dependent on the sequence of administration of IL-2 and TNF, since when IL-2 was administered before TNF, the tumor regression was more significant than when TNF was administered before IL-2 or when both were administered simultaneously to mice with established pulmonary tumors. Therefore the synergistic effect of IL-2 and TNF could be used as an efficacious but inexpensive and nontoxic alternative to therapy with lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells + IL-2.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Radiation-induced meningioma. 3 cases].

During the same year (1984), we have seen 3 cases of meningiomas following radiation therapy of the brain for previously diagnosed tumors. A causal relationship between irradiation and meningioma has been postulated. Nevertheless, the coincidental occurrence in same patient of two different histological lesions is possible. The neoplasms developed after irradiation are of mesenchymal origin; they are fibrosarcomas, osteogenic sarcomas and meningiomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Heterotransplantation of feline malignant tumors in nude thymusless mice.

The nude mouse was used to evaluate transplantation of feline tumors and subsequent doxorubicin chemotherapy. Three mammary gland adenocarcinomas and one salivary gland adnoecarcinoma were readily transplanted. All were successfully passed at least once. The two sarcomas, a fibrosarcoma and a malignant hemangioendothelioma, failed to grow when transplanted. Growth rates for the adenocarcinomas appeared to be specific for individual tumors. Generally, tumor weights increased five to eight times by days 40 to 50. Structural changes were not observed histopathologically in tumors transplanted several times. When doxorubicin was given intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg of body weight) weekly for 6 weeks to nude mice with transplanted feline mammary gland adenocarcinoma, there was no significant difference (P less than 0.05) in weights of tumors of experimental (n = 150 and control (n = 10) mice.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Carcinosarcoma of the lung: an analysis of 6 operated cases.

BACKGROUND: Carcinosarcoma of the lung is a rare malignant pulmonary neoplasm, and constitutes 0.1% to 0.3% of all lung tumors. Typically, these tumor have both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components with a poor prognosis due to late diagnosis and early metastases. METHODS: From July 1980 to December 1993, six patients with pulmonary carcinosarcoma who underwent surgical treatment were studied. None of them had accurate tissue diagnosis before operation except one case with peripheral variant carcinosarcoma who was diagnosed by percutaneous transthoracic fine needle biopsy under sonographic guidance. All of our patients had a huge peripheral lung tumor 3.8 to 10 cm in diameter. Pneumonectomy was done in two patients, and lobectomy in three. The other patient had unresectable tumor. RESULTS: The histopathological components in carcinoma were epidermoid carcinoma in and adenocarcinoma in 3. Differentiation of sarcomatous lesions included spindle cell sarcoma in 3, fibrosarcoma in 2 and undifferentiated mesenchymal sarcoma in one patient. In the resectable group, 1 was at stage II and 4 were at stage IIIa. None of the patients survived more than 2 years due to distant metastasis and cachexia. The mean survival was 140 days. CONCLUSIONS: The carcinomatous portion tends to metastasize to regional lymph nodes whereas the sarcomatous part gives rise to systemic dissemination. Due to early systemic dissemination and poor prognosis, combination of extensive surgical intervention resection with aggressive postoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy might be a reasonable consideration to improve survival in primary pulmonary carcinosarcoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Primary mesenchymal (nonangiomatous/nonlymphomatous) neoplasms occurring in the canine spleen: anatomic classification, immunohistochemistry, and mitotic activity correlated with patient survival.

Surgical submissions from canine splenectomy cases spanning a 3-year period (1988-1990) were evaluated. Eighty seven neoplasms of the spleen considered to be of nonangiomatous and nonlymphomatous origin were selected for morphologic classification, mitotic index determination, immunohistochemical analysis, and patient survival determination. In 76/87 cases, patient survival information was available, and the mitotic index was determined in 83/87 cases. Immunohistochemistry for selected antigens (vimentin, desmin, smooth muscle actin, myosin, and factor VIII-related antigen) was performed in 58/87 of the cases. Morphologic classification of these lesions in standard HE preparations yielded the following neoplastic groups: fibrosarcoma (19/87), undifferentiated sarcoma (19/87), leiomyosarcoma (14/87), osteosarcoma (8/87), mesenchymoma (7/87), myxosarcoma (6/87), histiocytic sarcoma (6/87), leiomyoma (3/87), lipoma-myelolipoma (2/87), liposarcoma (2/87), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (1/87). A lack of distinct morphologic characteristics among many of the neoplasms that were classified as either fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma contrasted these groups with the relatively unambiguous features that distinguished the other sarcoma groups. Using immunohistochemical staining for muscle-specific antigens (desmin, smooth muscle actin, and myosin), specific staining often overlapped extensively within the neoplastic groups of fibrosarcomas, leiomyosarcomas, and undifferentiated sarcomas, suggesting either ambiguous morphologic findings or the possibility of a common histogenesis from smooth muscle trabeculae or a distinct population of splenic myofibroblasts. The biological behavior of all tumors examined could be placed into three categories of patient survival: (1) benign, noninvasive tumors (leiomyoma, lipoma) with prolonged survival intervals; (2) malignant tumors (fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, myxosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma, and liposarcoma), showing severely truncated survival (median 4 months with 80-100% mortality after 12 months; and (3) intermediate survival periods (median 12 months with 50% 1 year survival) attributed to a single group of neoplasm, the mesenchymomas. The biological behavior of primary splenic nonangiomatous, nonlymphomatous sarcomas was most closely correlated with observed mitotic index. Splenic neoplasms of this type with a mitotic index < 9 showed significantly (P < 0.0001) longer survival intervals than those with an index > 9. With the exception of osteosarcoma, all anatomically defined tumor groups contained one or more specimens with a mitotic index < 9. The clinical prognosis given for splenic sarcomas should be modified according to the mitotic index as a predictive value for patient survival.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Surgery of soft tissue sarcomas in children.

Surgery of soft tissue sarcomas in children has been modified by the introduction of multidisciplinary treatment so that major amputation and exenterations are now rare in the management of these tumors in children. Surgery must still be well planned for total removal of the tumor with preservation of limbs and, in most instances, the function of pelvic organs. The commonest soft tissue sarcomas in children are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), fibrosarcoma, and synovial sarcoma. Treatment of embryonal RMS can now achieve a 2-year survival of 80% at all sites. Surgery and irradiation are used to control the primary tumor and multidrug chemotherapy to control metastases or prevent dissemination of localized tumor. Fibrosarcoma in children, usually a low-grade, extra-abdominal desmoid lesion, does not respond to radiation treatment or chemotherapy, and management is by surgery alone. It shows a marked tendency to local recurrence, and multiple local resections may be necessary for cure. Ninety percent of the children with this tumor can be salvaged by surgery and careful follow-up. The management of synovial sarcoma is surgical and similar to that of RMS. Although not radiosensitive as is RMS, this tumor has responded well to multidisciplinary treatment. Adequate resection is now followed by a chemotherapy protocol similar to that used in osteogenic sarcoma. The smaller numbers of these tumors and their varied natural history make evaluation of treatment difficult. Other soft tissue sarcomas seen with extreme rarity in children are liposarcoma, angiosarcoma, and neurosarcoma. These tumors are treated with the same protocol as that of RMS.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Sarcomas of the mandible. Literature review and case reports.

Sarcomas of the maxillofacial region are rare tumors presenting with wide variety of histopathological and clinical features. The authors treated six patients with sarcomas of the mandible over a period of ten years: 2 patients with fibrosarcomas, 2 with lymphosarcomas, one with osteogenic sarcoma and one with chondrosarcoma. The patients' ages ranged from 28 to 65 years, one was male and five - female. The present study reports three cases (osteogenic sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma) with specific clinical and radiographic characteristics, demonstrating the differences between the various types of sarcomas. Special attention is paid to the first clinical signs and symptoms, and to the differential diagnosis with inflammatory conditions (post-extraction alveolitis, chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis), benign tumors (osteoblastoclastoma, ameloblastoma, odontogenic cysts, fibrous dysplasia) and centrally developing jaw carcinomas. Particular emphasis is given to CT imaging and morphological examinations in making an accurate diagnosis and providing adequate treatment. Early diagnosis and precise surgical treatment (total resection or hemiexarticulation, or neck dissection if submandibular or cervical metastases are present) are essential to achieve satisfactory management of these malignant neoplasms. The radiotherapy and chemotherapy administered according to the histologic features of the tumor are also of significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[20 rare primary hepatic malignant tumors].

We collected 20 primary liver malignant tumors other than hepatocellular carcinoma from 1968 to 1990; sarcomas from mesenchymal tissue (hepatic leiomyosarcoma, hepatic fibrosarcoma, Kupffer cell sarcoma, hepatic lymphatic sarcoma), two subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (fibrolamellar carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma), hepatic carcinoid, squamous carcinoma, etc. Analysis with review of literature is given.

Adenocarcinoma↗