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PubMed1998

Pubertal delay as an aid in diagnosis and treatment of a transsexual adolescent.

Early cross-sex hormonal interventions (that is, between 16 and 18) as a treatment for young transsexuals are often considered to be risky. However, the delay of such treatment until after the development of secondary sex characteristics has obvious drawbacks for transsexual individuals. This paper reports a postoperative follow-up case-study of a female-to-male transsexual who was treated with a combination of an LHRH agonist (which delayed her secondary sex characteristics development) and psychotherapy at age 13, and subsequently underwent sex reassignment at 18.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Anthropometric and maturation measurements of children, ages 5 to 14 years, in a biracial community--the Bogalusa Heart Study.

An epidemiological survey of anthropometric and maturation variables was conducted on 3,524 children from the biracial community of Bogalusa, Louisiana. These children, representing 93% of the population, were examined during the school year September 1973 through May 1974. Black boys differed slightly from white boys in height and weight; black girls were taller and heavier than white girls. The black children had longer upper arm lengths and smaller upper arm circumferences than the white children. The median ponderosity (weight divided by the cubed height) decreased with increasing heigth for the four race-sex groups, and a skewed distribution of ponderosity indicated an excess of heavy children among the tall. Based on the Tanner criteria for grading secondary sex characteristics, maturation occurred earlier in the more ponderous girls, although such was not the case for boys. Whereas the Tanner secondary sex characteristics appeared earlier in black girls, white girls reported menarche earlier. The racial and sexual differences known to exist in triceps skinfold were observed for this population. No statistically significant difference was observed overall for height and weight between children within this one community and those of the National Health Examination Survey. However, Bogalusa girls at the 95th percentile were heavier after age 11 than girls of the United States. Also, there was a tendency for white girls in this community to report reaching menarche at an earlier age than black girls, which contrasts slightly with the national sample.

Anthropometry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of iodine-131 on the binding characteristics of sex and thyroid hormones by blood plasma proteins in children with a functional thyroid disorder as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

In studying characteristics of specific interaction of estradiol-, testosterone- and thyroid-binding blood globulins with the corresponding ligands in children from Gomel Province with endemic swelling of the thyroid gland (degrees I and II) affected by iodine-131 revealed were a reduced cooperativity in estradiol and T-3 binding and a halved affinity to androgens and thyroids as compared to healthy controls. In addition, there was a drastic decline in the binding capacity of estradiol- and testosterone-binding globulins in the blood plasma. The endemic thyroid gland swelling is supposed to be due to sexual malfunction in teenagers.

Accidents↗
PubMed2002

Peer-led sex education--characteristics of peer educators and their perceptions of the impact on them of participation in a peer education programme.

The RIPPLE study is a randomized controlled trial of peer-led sex education in English secondary schools. In 1997, 27 schools were recruited and randomly allocated to a programme of peer-led sex education or to act as control schools. In experimental schools peer educators in Year 12 (aged 16/17 years) were recruited in two successive cohorts and, having received a standardized training programme, delivered classroom-based sex education sessions to Year 9 students (aged 13/14 years). This paper is the first of two focusing on data gathered from these peer educators. Through analysis of pre-(n = 505) and post- (n = 331) programme questionnaire data, the paper describes the profile of peer educators and examines the impact on them of their involvement. Compared to the students receiving the peer-led sex education, more peer educators were female, white, high academic achievers and less socially disadvantaged. Peer educators reported positive changes in sexual knowledge and changes towards more liberal attitudes, and believed the programme would have a positive impact on their confidence in relationships and on their sexual behaviour. There was an increase in confidence about communication and interaction in groups. The paper discusses the methodological difficulties of assessing how involvement in such a programme impacts on peer educators.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Pubertal development in Swiss children].

Pubertal development between 8 and 18 years is reported in 142 Swiss boys and 142 Swiss girls of the First Zurich Longitudinal Study (1954-1980). Mean and standard deviations of onset and duration of the following secondary sex characteristics are given: genital development and testicular growth in boys, breast development and menarche in girls, pubic hair development and adolescent growth spurt in both sexes. The interrelationships between timing and duration of these secondary sex characteristics are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

An epidemiologic study of mandibular dysfunction dependence on different variables.

Age and sex characteristics of different signs and symptoms of mandibular dysfunction were studied in 600 randomly selected urban persons. With regard to mandibular mobility marked differences were observed between the sexes, and a steady decrease parallel with ageing. Against this, the percentages of the objective dysfunction signs of impaired mobility and TMJ-sounds, as well as those of the pooled percentages of all the objective signs (Di-I + II + III), increased parallel with ageing. The percentages of headache occurrence peaked in different age groups for men and women. Statistically significant correlations were found between headache, parafunctions, stress, age, the existence of a preferred chewing side, as well as several dental-occlusal factors, and the prevalence of mandibular dysfunction; between Ai and Di according to Helkimo, and between excessive tooth wear and parafunctions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Comparison of response to 17 beta-estradiol and 17 beta-trenbolone among three small fish species.

Three small fish species, medaka (Oryzias latipes), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), and zebrafish (Danio rerio), were exposed to an estrogen, 17 beta-estradiol (E2), and an androgen, 17 beta-trenbolone (TB), for 21 d under flow-through conditions to compare the susceptibility among these three small fish species to the substances. Effects on gross morphology, including secondary sex characteristics and gonadosomatic index, as well as on blood or liver vitellogenin (VTG) levels were assessed. In E2 exposures, significant increases in estrogenic activity were observed in both sexes of all three fish species. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) of E2 for VTG induction in males of medaka, fathead minnow, and zebrafish were less than or equal to 8.94, 28.6, and 85.9 ng/L, respectively. In TB exposures, we observed masculinization of secondary sex characteristics in females as a result of the androgenic activity of TB in medaka with a LOEC of 365 ng/L and in fathead minnow with a LOEC of 401 ng/ L. We also found VTG reduction in females of all three fish species. These results suggest that the susceptibility of medaka to estrogenic chemicals may be higher than those of fathead minnow and zebrafish and that the susceptibility of medaka to androgenic chemicals may be almost equal to that of fathead minnow in the 21-d fish assay.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Clinical significance of Ki-67 labeling index in pituitary macroadenoma.

The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation of the proliferative activity of pituitary neoplasms with clinical characteristics and recurrences. Tumor specimens were obtained from 44 consecutive patients with pituitary macroadenomas who underwent surgery between July 1998 and August 2003. Specimens were immediately fixed in 10% buffered formalin and then embedded in paraffin. The Ki-67 antigen was assessed by immumohistochemical analysis using the monoclonal antibody. We investigated the correlation of the Ki-67 labeling index with the following clinical and radiological characteristics: sex, age, presence or absence visual field defect, tumor classification, maximal tumor diameter, Hardy's classification, type of tumor, invasiveness, and recurrence. Our study suggests that the clinical characteristics such as visual field defect and recurrence are correlated with the high Ki-67 labeling index. No statistical differences were observed in the Ki-67 labeling index in relation to the following characteristics: sex, age, tumor classification, maximal tumor diameter, Hardy's classification, type of tumor, and invasiveness into the sphenoid sinus or cavernous sinus.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1978

Adults' perceptions of children's independence and other sex-role characteristics as a function of child's gender label.

Male and female college students were presented with a photograph labeled as a 5-yr.-old boy or girl and heard statements attributed to the child. They then rated the child on sex-role traits and responded to open-ended questions about the child. The primary findings involved sex of child by sex of adult interactions on ratings of independence and leadership: in both cases, same-sex children were rated higher than opposite-sex children. There was also some evidence that women having high contact with children rated the child more extremely on opposite-sex traits than did those with little contact.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Homotransplantation of testis. A report of 11 cases.

Testis homotransplantation has been carried out in 11 patients since 1986. Of them, 8 suffered from congenital testicular dysplasia and the other 3 from orchiatrophy as a result of orchitis. Preoperatively, manifestations were a small penis, small testes, sexual dysfunction, indistinct secondary sex characteristics and low serum testosterone (1.7-7.35 mmol/L). Three cases had cadaver transplants and 8 had living relatives' transplants. The patients were followed up for 7 months to 4 years. The secondary sex characteristics and sexual function were improved remarkably after transplantation. Serum testosterone increased up to 12.8-18.2 mmol/L. All of 5 married patients resumed sexual intercourse satisfactorily. Three others got married after transplantation and have enjoyed normal sexual functions. Spermatozoa have been found in the semen in 3 of the cases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Effects of 4-nonylphenol and 4-tert-octylphenol on sex differentiation and vitellogenin induction in medaka (Oryzias latipes).

Medaka (Oryzias latipes) were continuously exposed to various concentrations of two alkylphenols, 4-nonylphenol (NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), from fertilized eggs to 60 d posthatch. The effects on sexual differentiation and hepatic vitellogenin (VTG) induction in medaka were assessed to elucidate the lowest-observed-effect concentrations (LOECs) of NP and OP for these events during early life stages. The LOECs of NP and OP for these events were 11.6 and 11.4 microg/L, respectively. These results suggest that NP and OP may have adverse effects at similar concentrations during early life stage in medaka. Additionally, we investigated whether the abnormal sex differentiation induced by these alkylphenols would be permanent or reversible once the medaka were returned to clean water. The appearance of the secondary sex characteristics reverted from female to male when fish were returned to clean water. However, gonadal histology showed that intersex gonads still existed, even after the fish were transferred to clean water for two months. These results suggest that the induced feminization of secondary sex characteristics in medaka exposed to alkylphenols during the stage of sexual differentiation may not always be permanent, but the gonadal alteration (testis-ova) may continue much longer.

Animals↗