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Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, RESPIRATORY”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevention and treatment of MRSA infection in emergency surgical ward].

During two years of 1990 and 1991, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were isolated from 121 patients who were admitted to our emergency ward with infection rate of 7% (121/1843). The end results were miserable and the mortality rate was 28%. The infection rate was significantly higher than that of general surgical ward (2%). Specimens of respiratory tract such as coughed-up sputum and tracheal secretion showed high rate of MRSA isolation, especially in patients who underwent tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. All of these MRSA strains were strongly resistant to antibiotics and were typed as coagulase II. MRSA strains were isolated from nostril of medical staff and in-ward patients while admission with rate of 9% and 3%, respectively. Meanwhile, the MRSA strains were also isolated from the materials surrounding the infected patients such as bed, door, gowns and hands of in-charge nurses. To prevent inter-patient transmission, the infected patients were placed in isolation room and cared with isolation technique. Handwashing with benzalkonium chloride-alcohol is strongly recommended. Intravenous injection of IPM and CEZ or VCM is indicated. Local use of MINO was reported to be useful. In conclusion, MRSA infection often occurs in the immunodepressive patients and is hard to cure.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2005

Nosocomial acquisition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The four hospitals assessed in this study use active surveillance cultures for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and contact precautions for MRSA-positive patients as part of routine infection control practices. The objective of this study was to determine whether nosocomial acquisition of MRSA decreased in these hospitals during an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) when barrier precautions were routinely used for all patients. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Three tertiary-care hospitals (a 1100-bed hospital; a 500-bed hospital; and an 823-bed hospital) and a 430-bed community hospital, each located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS: All admitted patients were included. RESULTS: The nosocomial rate of MRSA in all four hospitals combined during the SARS outbreak (3.7 per 10,000 patient-days) was not significantly different from that before (4.7 per 10,000 patient-days) or after (3.4 per 10,000 patient-days) the outbreak (P = .30 and P = .76, respectively). The nosocomial rate of MRSA after the outbreak was significantly lower than that before the outbreak (P = .003). Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients on non-SARS wards were observed during the outbreak. Increased attention was paid to infection control education following the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: Inappropriate reuse of gloves and gowns and failure to wash hands between patients may have contributed to transmission of MRSA during the SARS outbreak. Attention should be paid to training healthcare workers regarding the appropriate use of precautions as a means to protect themselves and patients.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Efficacy and safety of clarithromycin versus josamycin in the treatment of hospitalized patients with bacterial pneumonia.

The efficacy and safety of 500 mg clarithromycin and 1000 mg josamycin both given twice daily for a maximum of 14 days were compared in the treatment of 72 hospitalized patients with bacterial pneumonia. The predominant pathogens isolated were Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical success was reported for 91.5% of patients treated with clarithromycin and for 87.0% of those treated with josamycin. Eradication of the causative pathogen was noted in 85.7% of patients receiving clarithromycin and in 90% of those receiving josamycin. Adverse events considered probably to relate to therapy were experienced by 2% of patients treated with clarithromycin and by 12.5% of those treated with josamycin; one patient treated with josamycin was withdrawn because of severe nausea and moderate vomiting. Treatment with clarithromycin at half the dosage of josamycin was found to have comparable efficacy and to be associated with a lower incidence of adverse events.

Adolescent↗