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PubMed1997

[Image fusion of different tomographic methods (PET/CT/MRI) effectively contribute to therapy planning].

Image fusion (and image registration) is a fundamental topic of three-dimensional (3D) medical image processing. The need to register different imaging modalities arises for several reasons: some anatomical details, especially soft tissues, are more easily seen in MRI than CT images, but the bony structures are better visualised by CT. The visualisation of any morphological volume with a functional data set which may come from SPECT or PET is a very important method both for research purposes and for routine diagnostics. Our developed programs allowing us to solve image fusion tasks also contained some free available softwares. These packages helped us to start additional software development for more advanced applications having elaborated this way the informatical background of multimodality image processing. This paper presents three oncological applications of the image fusion: PET-CT-MRI registration for 3D radiotherapy planning, PET-MRI registration in planning surgery and metastasis localization. All these registration processes were solved by the landmark-matching registration method.

Decision Making↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of hearing handicaps and presbyacusis using World Wide Web-based calculators.

This article is a clinical report on the applicability of computer software in determining hearing handicaps and presbyacusis. The software is now World Wide Web based and can be implemented in a clinical setting by using JavaScript calculators housed on the World Wide Web at . Added features consist of calculating the maximum recommended allowable noise exposure using the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health 1997 frequencies in handicap determination and the projection of future audiometric thresholds using the International Standards Organization 1999 compression factor. A review of the literature and the theoretical and clinical applications of these new features are discussed. A guide in the selection of Web-based development software is also presented in the hope of encouraging other researchers to develop Web-based versions of their software applications.

Audiometry↗

PubMed1997

[Technical aspect of clinical spectroscopic imaging and its recent development--hardware and software].

Today's technical status as well as future developments of clinical spectroscopic imaging were overviewed in terms of hardware and software aspects. For the hardware development, discussion was focused on superconducting magnet with high static fields, new probe designs and fast acquisition of spectroscopic imaging. Some of the technical limitation was also included. In software, pulse shape design for B1 insensitive excitation, selective signal detection utilizing homo- and hetero-nuclear coherence transfer, and post processing of acquired data were briefly discussed. Especially the processed data is important to extract chemical information for the metabolite which can be utilize in the clinical application. Some of the proposed methods were summarized for this.

Computers↗

PubMed1987

Technical development of an implantable cochlear prosthesis in Canada.

A new cochlear implant device is currently being developed by a group of research teams in Canada. This is an update on the progress of this development, including a brief description of the cochlear electrode array, the implantable stimulator, and the software development for the speech processor.

Cochlear Implants↗

PubMed1995

[Computerized three-dimensional reconstruction of human embryos and their organs using the "NIH image" software].

Three-dimensional structures of human embryos and their internal organs were reconstructed on a CRT from their serial histological sections using a free computer software system "NIH Image." It was possible to rotate the computer images on CRT and to make cut models on any desired plane. In addition, various developmental changes could be animated by artificial "morphing" between the models at different stages. Computer graphic modeling should be of great value in the study of normal and abnormal morphogenesis. The "NIH Image" software is freely available via computer networks and has a lot of advantages over previously developed software programs used for three-dimensional reconstruction.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1995

Information systems analysis approach in hospitals: a national survey.

A survey of 216 hospitals reveals that some hospitals do not conduct cost-benefit analyses or analyze possible adverse effects in feasibility studies. In determining and analyzing system requirements, external factors that initiate the transaction are not examined, and computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools are seldom used. Some hospitals do not investigate the advantages and disadvantages of using in-house-developed software versus purchased software packages in the evaluation of alternatives. The survey finds that, overall, most hospitals follow the traditional systems development life cycle (SDLC) approach in analyzing information systems.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed2000

The DopFet system: a new ultrasonic Doppler system for monitoring and characterization of fetal movement.

To enable the investigation of fetal movement in a manner similar to fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring we have developed an apparatus (the DopFet system) that consists of a pair of miniature sensors, a 2-MHz continuous-wave directional Doppler electronic module and a laptop personal computer. One of the sensors is aimed at the fetal limbs and the other at the thorax to detect heart and upper body movements. The signals are analyzed, presented in real-time and postprocessed by software developed by us. The postprocessing software computes a number of parameters (the DopFet parameters) describing fetal movement. These parameters can be divided into two categories: parameters that describe the quantity of fetal movement (i.e., number of movements) and parameters that describe qualitative aspects of fetal movement (i.e., average movement duration). Future studies using the DopFet system will be aimed at discovering which of these parameters or combination of parameters is the best indicator of fetal well-being. We present an example of a 0.5 h recording and the results of testing on 23 volunteer mothers. These results show good sensitivity of the system compared to real-time ultrasound (US). The system detects 96% of rolling movements, 100% of flexion movements and 97% of leg movements.

Female↗

PubMed1998

Participatory design of an Internet-based information system for aging services professionals.

The Michigan Aging Services System, a World Wide Web-based information system, was developed for practicing gerontologists in the state of Michigan. A participatory design framework adapted from the software development literature guided the development process. Users from Michigan's aging network participated in the development process. Design data were collected using multiple techniques. The system's content was developed with extensive input from actual users. The content emerged into four main categories: News and Current Events, General Information, Policy and Program Information, and Population Information. The system content is briefly compared to that of World Wide Web sites published by other state units on aging.

Aging↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Semi-automated quantification of MRI high signals observed in multiple sclerosis].

MR T2 Weighted sequences on the brain demonstrate disseminated "high signal zones" (HSZ) in patients with Multiple Sclerosis; these morphological alterations are corresponding to the plaques. From the very beginnings of MR in 1981, everybody recognizes the main importance of this fact. MR appears as the most sensible exploration in patients with M.S. But the signal alteration is not specific; the clinical considerations and the evolution are requested. The aim of this work is to give a reference tool for evolutive evaluation of the disease. A work station with a specially developed software are presented. The HSZ thresholding is partially automatic. The edition of a cerebral mapping is developed. These results are discussed.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Developing a protocol for an educational software competition.

This project developed a protocol for the inaugural Instructional Software Competition of the American Dental Education Association (ADEA). The evaluation instrument was derived from the Guidelines for the Design of Educational Software developed by the ANSI-accredited Standards Committee for Dental Informatics. Eleven judges were calibrated in a conference call and rated a total of 30 submissions using a 66-question instrument. The maximum score was 204 points. The mean score of WWW-based programs was 106.7 points, and of CD-ROM-based programs 109.5 points. The summative review of the judging process identified several potential improvements, such as distinguishing between standalone programs and educational support material; increasing the number of answer choices on rating scales; differential weighting of criteria; and a more discriminative approach to judging formative and summative evaluations. We plan to improve the protocol by supporting the process through a Web-based application; calibrating judges with an online handbook; improving and adapting the rating instrument itself; using at least three judges for each program; and conducting a measurement study.

American Dental Association↗

PubMed1989

The present and future medicolegal importance of record keeping in anesthesia and intensive care: the case for automation.

The anesthesia record is often crucial to successful defense in a meritless claim, because the adversarial role of the plaintiff's medical expert witness requires an attack on the record. Likewise the record may be pivotal in determining whether a defense should even be mounted as an alternative to an early settlement, because the failure of meaningful, supportive, or exculpatory documentation raises serious questions about the quality of care rendered. Advancing technology has made possible revolutionary changes in real-time monitoring and data recording. Concepts favoring the development and adoption of automated record systems for anesthesia are outlined through historic medicolegal perspectives on record keeping in general and computerization of the monitoring and recording methods in specific as a means of providing the best medicolegal evidence in defense of the anesthesiologist's performance. The analogy is often made between the successful development and acceptance of the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder combination in aviation and ongoing software development for automated recordkeeping and the quest for its use and professional acceptance in both anesthesia and intensive care settings.

Anesthesiology↗

PubMed1986

Linear regression software for intraocular lens implant power calculation.

Regression equations for the calculation of intraocular lens power are popular. Because some of the variables in cataract surgery are surgeon-specific, every surgeon should ideally have a personalized formula. We have developed software enabling those with access to IBM-compatible microcomputers to develop equations based on their own data.

Computers↗

PubMed2000

[The development of a computer-based visual field analyzer].

Visual field is one of the important visual functions; it is the extent of the visual field defect that can be employed in judging whether the visual function is impaired. The rapid achievements in computer technologies do provide an impulse for improvement of visual field detection, making possible the automatic, rapid, accurate, detailed and large-scaled visual field detection. This paper gives a thorough description about development of the visual field analyzer, model TEC-2A, which is based on PC windows platform, Visual Basic software developing tool, ISA peripheral circuits, standard Goldmann visual field half-ball and standard stimulus.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Software engineering tools.

We have looked at general descriptions and illustrations of several software development tools, such as tools for prototyping, developing DFDs, testing, and maintenance. Many others are available, and new ones are being developed. However, you have at least seen some examples of powerful CASE tools for systems development.

Data Display↗

PubMed2000

Automated rejection of contaminated surface measurements for improved surface registration in image guided neurosurgery.

Most image guided Neurosurgery employs adhesively mounted external fiducials for registration of medical images to the surgical workspace. Due to high logistical costs associated with these artificial landmarks, we strive to eliminate the need for these markers. At our institution, we developed a handheld laser stripe triangulation device to capture the surface contours of the patient's head while oriented for surgery. Anatomical surface registration algorithms rely on the assumption that the patient's anatomy bears the same geometry as the 3D model of the patient constructed from the imaging modality employed. During the time interval from which the patient is imaged and placed in the Mayfield head clamp in the operating room, the skin of the head bulges at the pinsite and the skull fixation equipment itself optically interferes with the image capture laser. We have developed software to reject points belonging to objects of known geometry while calculating the registration. During the course of development of the laser scanning unit, we have acquired surface contours of 13 patients and 2 cadavers. Initial analysis revealed that this automated rejection of points improved the registrations in all cases, but the accuracy of the fiducial method was not surpassed. Only points belonging to the offending instrument are removed. Skin bulges caused by the clamps and instruments remain in the data. We anticipate that careful removal of the points in these skin bulges will yield registrations that at least match the accuracy of the fiducial method.

Artifacts↗

PubMed1991

Economic analysis of immunization programmes.

Two economic analyses of immunization programmes, one from Denmark and one from Kenya, are described with emphasis on practical problems in relation to the collection of data. The Danish study was performed by a study group with participation of experts within health economics and epidemiology and a specifically designed computer programme was developed. The Kenyan study was performed by the management unit of the Kenyan immunization programme using standard computer software developed by WHO (EPICost) and without external assistance. Both studies yielded results of significant relevance for the dialogue with the administration and politicians.

Child↗

PubMed1995

Constructing clinical applications: the GALEN approach.

A common problem for developers of clinical applications is coping with the diversity of medical language. Medical language as it is used all over the world varies widely, while the referents for these words stay essentially the same. Software developers must reconcile this diversity with the practical necessity of producing applications that are usable in a variety of hospitals, while ensuring that information can be shared between applications. Existing approaches center around coding and classification schemes, but these approaches must be supplemented by a range of sophisticated terminological services in order for the language barriers to be overcome. To address this, the GALEN project is developing an application called the Terminology Server to provide such a range of terminological services (e.g., conceptual and multilingual services). The software is built upon a re-usable core model of medical terminology. This paper reports on the development of a clinical application called the SCUI (Structured Clinical User Interface) which draws on these GALEN technologies and illustrates an innovative approach to the construction of future clinical applications. The SCUI was specifically developed and tested in the context of infectious diseases to satisfy the demands made by the medical intensive care unit on the Geneva Hospital's microbiology laboratory.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗

PubMed1999

Estimated intakes of trans fatty and other fatty acids in the US population.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate mean level of trans fatty acid intakes using a representative sample of the US population. DESIGN: The study used food intake data from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII) and the trans fatty acid contents of specific foods calculated from a database compiled by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) to estimate the mean level and deciles of trans fatty acid intake of the representative US population. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Trans fatty acid intakes were estimated for each subject (N = 11,258) in the CSFII data who completed both a 24-hour recall and a 2-day food record. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED: Weights developed by USDA for the survey were used for all data analyses. The Technical Assessment Systems (TAS) International Diet Research System (TAS-DIET), software developed by TAS, was used to derive weighted estimates of the mean and percentiles of the intake distribution. PC CARP, software designed by Iowa State University, was used to estimate standard errors. RESULTS: Mean percentage of energy ingested as trans fatty acids was 2.6% and the mean percentage of total fat ingested as trans fatty acids was 7.4%. Across all age and gender groups examined, estimates ranged from 2.6% to 2.8% and 7.1% to 7.9%, respectively. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Dietetics practitioners can use the representative data of this study to help clients achieve desired changes in consumption levels of trans fatty acids.

Adolescent↗