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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

The temporal/masseter co-contraction: an electromyographic and clinical evaluation of short-term stabilization splint therapy in myogenous CMD patients.

The short-term effect (3-6 weeks) of the use of a stabilization splint was investigated in a group of 35 myogenous craniomandibular disorder patients. The patients were clinically examined and surface EMG recordings of the temporal and masseter muscles were made during clenching in the intercuspal position (ICP), immediately after the insertion of the splint (SSP), and after at least 3 weeks of splint treatment (SSP 3). With the use of the error variance of the activity index changes in EMG activity were investigated. Three groups of patients were then recognized. One group showed a decrease in temporal muscle activity during splint treatment. Another group did not show any significant change during splint treatment. The third group showed an increase of temporal muscle activity. In general, significant reductions in the amount of static pain were found. In the group with a significant reduction of temporal muscle activity (n = 15) there was a greater decrease in the amount of static pain (P < 0.05) than in the group (n = 4) with a significant increase of temporal muscle activity. The results may indicate that the temporal muscle plays an important role in the perception of static pain in the masticatory system.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Influence of splints and temporary crowns upon electric and thermal pulp-testing procedures.

The influence of different splints and temporary crowns upon the reliability of electric and thermal pulp-testing procedures was examined in 10 patients with vital maxillary central incisors and 10 patients with vital maxillary central incisors and 10 patients with unilateral pulp necrosis of a central incisor. The pulp-testing procedures were: (1) Bofors Pulp Tester, (2) Siemens Sirotest, (3) heated guttapercha, (4) ice, and (5) carbon dioxide snow (Odontotest). The splints or temporary crowns were: (1) silver cap splint, (2) acrylic cap splint, (3) Hawley orthodontic plate, (4) Saur's arch bar, (5) orthodontic bands, (6) stainless steel crown, and (7) stainless steel crown with labial surface removed. A reliable electrometric pulp response could only be elicited if the pulp tester was applied directly upon enamel and preferably upon the incisal edge. In this instance metal splints or partial steel crowns applied to the tooth had no effect on the pain threshold. A false positive reaction in case of pulp necrosis was only elicited when the electrode was placed directly upon metal which contacted neighboring vital teeth. The use of ice and heated guttapercha appeared to be of limited value, due to inconsistent pulp responses. Carbon dioxide snow gave a reliable response, unless applied on the incisal edge.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

A study of forces originating from orthodontic appliances for splinting of teeth.

Management of dental trauma in children sometimes requires the use of a dental splint. This can be constructed with composite materials, kevlar, fiberglass, wire and composite or orthodontic wires and brackets. However, there have been no studies of the control of dental movement when orthodontic materials are used for a dental splint. The purpose of this study was to determine the forces exerted by an orthodontic appliance used as a dental splint. To measure such forces, a transducer with a detection of 0.01 N (+/- 5%) was inserted into a maxillary dental arch model. The results showed that the orthodontic wire was rarely passive and the forces developed ranged from 0 to 27 x 10(-2) N. The force developed was independent of the length of the dental splint (p < 0.05) and wire size (p < 0.05). The mean force developed by nickel-titanium wires (14.27 x 10(-2) N) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the mean force developed by stainless steel and cobalt-chromium wires. Moreover, the mean force developed by rectangular wires (12.07 x 10(-2) N) was significantly greater (p < 0.05) than the mean force developed by square and round wires. The results suggested that stainless steel or cobalt-chromium, square or round wires should be used for construction of a dental splint.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1995

Splints made of wire and composite: an investigation of lateral tooth mobility in vivo.

In 103 posttraumatic splints, later tooth mobility was measured with Periotest immediately before and after the routine splint removal. The splints were made of composite resin and an 0.017 X 0.025" orthodontic steel wire. 481 teeth were measured. A statistic evaluation revealed that the immobilisation effect did not exceed normal tooth firmness. Fixation to one neighbouring tooth had less effect than fixation to two. Adjacent tooth gaps reduced the effect. Splint extensions had no influence. With the use of the Periotest device, more than 50% of all teeth with a true mobility of 20 Periotest-units or more were detectable as mobile in spite of the fixed splint.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Effect of splint placement on black-pigmented Bacteroides and spirochetes in the dental plaque of beagle dogs.

The gingival microbiota in beagle dogs was investigated during a period of 42 days after the placement of continuous wire and arch bar splints. The splints were found to induce an increase in helicoidal-shaped micro-organisms and black-pigmented Bacteroides. Two different asaccharolytic Bacteroides types were isolated and tentatively identified as B. gingivalis and B. asaccharolyticus. In addition, B. intermedius-like organisms were isolated. The last two species were observed only after splint placement. The local accumulation of helicoidal-shaped micro-organisms in the epithelial tissue rather than in the micro-ulcerations was regarded as an indication of an active role for these spirochetes in the disease process. The observed shift toward tissue-invading and potentially pathogenic micro-organisms after splinting stresses the need for antimicrobial measures during splint placement in order to minimize periodontal destruction.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

The Sheffield splint for controlled early mobilisation after rupture of the calcaneal tendon. A prospective, randomised comparison with plaster treatment.

Forty patients with acute complete rupture of the calcaneal tendon were managed conservatively and randomly allocated to treatment groups using either cast immobilisation for eight weeks, or cast immobilisation for three weeks, followed by controlled early mobilisation in a Sheffield splint. The splint is an ankle-foot orthosis which holds the ankle in 15 degrees of plantar flexion, but allows some movement at the metatarsophalangeal joints. It is removed to allow controlled movement during physiotherapy. Patients treated with the splint regained mobility significantly more quickly (p less than 0.001) and preferred the splint to the plaster cast. The range of dorsiflexion at the ankle improved more rapidly after treatment in the splint (p less than 0.001), and patients were able to return to normal activities sooner. Recovery of the power of plantar flexion was similar in the two treatment groups, and no patient had excessive lengthening of the tendon. One re-rupture occurred in each group.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Evaluation of occlusal splint therapy and relaxation procedures in patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Twenty-four patients were selected to participate in this study. Twelve patients were randomly selected to receive occlusal splint therapy and the other 12 to receive a simplified relaxation therapy technique. Observable pain scores, maximum comfortable interincisal distance, and maximum interincisal distances were recorded for each group before and after treatment. The occlusal splint group showed a significant decrease in total mean observable pain scores (decrease score of 10.5, t = 3.124; P less than 0.1). The relaxation group showed no significant decrease in total mean observable pain scores (decrease score of 1.8, t = 0.888; P = ns). The occlusal splint group showed a significant increase in the mean maximum comfortable opening (an increase of 12.4 mm, t = 5.085; P less than .01). The relaxation group showed no significant increase in the mean maximum comfortable opening (an increase of 2.3 mm, t = 0.734; P = ns). The occlusal splint group showed a significant increase in the mean maximum opening (an increase of 6.0 mm, t = 2.471; P less than .05). The relaxation group showed no increase in the mean maximum opening (decrease of 0.7 mm, t = 0.343; P = ns). This study suggests that occlusal splint therapy is a more effective treatment for the pain, tenderness, and limited mandibular opening associated with temporomandibular disorders than relaxation therapy. In this study, the relaxation technique used had no significant effect on the patients' pain, tenderness, or limited opening.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

The effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nocturnal bruxism.

Occlusal splints are commonly used for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. This study investigated the effects of hard and soft occlusal splints on nighttime muscle activity. The nocturnal muscle activity of ten participants was recorded while wearing a hard and then a soft occlusal splint. The hard occlusal splint significantly reduced muscle activity in eight of the ten participants. The soft occlusal splint significantly reduced muscle activity in only one participant while causing a statistically significant increase in muscle activity in five of the ten participants.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

A comparison of Vitrathene moulded with Tweeklon ready-made wrist work splints in juvenile chronic arthritis.

A comparatiave study of purpose-made Vitrathene with a ready-made Tweeklon splint has been undertaken in 20 children with juvenile chronic arthritis who had such severe wrist and carpal involvement that a work splint was considered desirable. In half the dominant hand was splinted with Vitrathene and the other half Tweeklon. Assessments included the presence of soft-tissue swelling, extensor tenosynovitis and pain, together with the position and range of movement of the wrist, grip strength and functional tests. Tests included: maintenance of functional position, grip strength, dexterity, wear-resistance, and weight. Although the Vitrathene splint appeared better in the study, it was made by an experienced occupational therapist. The Tweeklon was applied by a physiotherapist reading the instructions which accompanied it; this took about a quarter of the time required to make the Vitrathene splints.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Use of resting splints by patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

A follow-up evaluation of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were fitted with full bilateral wrist and hand resting splints revealed that 62 percent wore them most or all of the prescribed time. Patients deviated from the prescribed splint program when their symptoms remitted or diminished, and adhered more closely to the program when they experienced persistent inflammation. Patients splinted during a hospital stay were somewhat more compliant than those splinted as outpatients. Patients judged to be noncompliant discontinued splint usage because of a decrease of joint pain or stiffness, or both. Their decision did not appear detrimental, since, during the course of the study, there was no significant difference between compliant and noncompliant patients in range of motion of hand or wrist joints at followup evaluation and, when range of motion at the time of initial evaluation was compared with that at the follow-up examination, a higher proportion of noncompliant (37%) than compliant patients (16%) showed improvement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

A comparison of dorsal and volar resting hand splints in the reduction of hypertonus.

Ten adults with hypertonic wrist flexors volunteered as subjects in an experiment comparing the effectiveness of dorsal and volar resting hand splints in the reduction of abnormal muscle tone. Subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of five each. Individuals in one group were fitted with dorsal splints, and individuals in a second group with volar splints. Measurements by spring-weighted scales were taken to assess the efficiency of each splint design in the reduction of hypertonus. Results demonstrated no significant differences between the volar and dorsal splints in reducing hypertonus. However, the age of the subjects was found to be an intervening variable: The older subjects of both groups demonstrated a gradual but not significant decline in hypertonus, whereas the younger adults demonstrated a significant decline in hypertonus over a 6-week period.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

A room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber sport splint.

Athletic hand and wrist injuries may be treated by immobilizing the affected extremity in a rigid splint to protect the injury site for an extended time period. For athletes, this means a reduction in playing time, perhaps being out for an entire playing season. The use of a room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber compound allows for a playing splint that complies with athletic regulations. Proper application of the room temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber provides an excellent, reliable protective playing splint allowing for safe, functional athletic performance for the injured player during the game. This article describes the fabrication process of a silicone rubber protective playing splint for athletic hand and wrist injuries. The effectiveness of the silicone rubber protective playing splint is illustrated via case studies.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Mandibular alveolar ridge extension method using a surgical splint with porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles.

The mandibular alveolar ridge extension method is a surgical technique to extend the alveolar ridge up to the required level. Using a surgical splint prepared to meet the clinical requirements establishes the desirable alveolar ridge extension with porous hydroxyapatite (HAP) particles. Before the operation, a working cast of the extremely resorpted mandibular alveolar ridge is remodeled into its desired shape with paraffin wax, and the extended surgical splint is cured by clear acrylic resin. After subperiosteal tunnel dissection, the surgical splint is fixed to the mandible with circummandibular ligatures; then the HAP particles are injected into the tunnel. After healing, a treatment denture is cured between the artificial dentition and the surgical splint with self curing resin. In this method, the HAP particles are injected into the subperiosteal tunnel that is created between the surface of alveolar bone and the periosteum covered by the surgical splint; the migration of HAP particles completes the extension of the alveoral ridge.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of lateral rotation splinting on lower extremity bone growth: an in vivo study in rabbits.

To study the effect of lateral splinting on limb development, 14 immature rabbit femurs and tibias were marked with six parallel pins. Of these, the lower limbs of seven rabbits were splinted in lateral rotation for 3 weeks (1-year human equivalent). The static position of the foot in the splinted group was 23 degrees more lateral (p greater than 0.05) than in the control group. No significant difference was found in the axial alignment of the pins across the growth plate or diaphyses between the splinted or control groups. This study suggests that night splinting alters the joint relationships and not the shape of the femur or tibia.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Carpal tunnel syndrome: objective measures and splint use.

One hundred five adults with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) were studied to assess the efficacy of a neutral-angle wrist splint, and to identify criteria for splint referral. Ten observations before and after treatment were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics. After splint use, 67% of the subjects reported symptom relief. T-test comparison of sensory latency of values before and after treatment indicated improvement for the total group. Chi-square and t-tests failed to reveal significant differences between relief and no-relief groups for gender, affected hand, presence of concomitant conditions, duration of symptoms before treatment, age, length of time between pretreatment and posttreatment nerve conduction testing, initial nerve latency of motor and sensory fibers, or the difference between pretreatment and posttreatment sensory latencies. A significant difference was found for motor latency; the relief group improved and the no-relief group deteriorated. Data suggest that splinting is most effective if applied within three months of symptom onset. Those with damage to the wrist structures or median nerve were least responsive to splinting.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Long-term splinting of a traumatic upper permanent incisor with root fracture: report of a case].

Splinting was administered in a case of a traumatic upper right permanent incisor with root fracture. The patient was a boy, 11 years and 10 months old. The radiographical examination indicated that the injured tooth, that had already completed the apical growth, fractured horizontally at the middle 1/3 part of root. Clinical findings showed severe mobility of the coronal fragment of the injured tooth and a small amount of bleeding from the gingival sulcus, but there was almost no disposition of the coronal fragment and it was found to be vital in the electric pulp test. Immobilizing the coronal fragment of the injured tooth with the resin splint bonded directly to the tooth surfaces was prescribed. After 31 months, the pulp of the injured tooth remained vital, and after the elimination of the line of fracture and no symptoms of ankylosis were radiographically confirmed, the splint was then removed. From the case reported above the following implications were obtained: Although the previous investigators reported that the term of splinting teeth with root fractures was for 2-3 months, and prognosis of the injured teeth with root fractures having severe mobility of the coronal segments might be unfavorable, it was also indicated that the healing process by calcification might be possible with the use of long term splinting, as the pulp remained vital. In this case, it was found that the repair by calcification appeared initially on the proximate portion of the pulp at the fractured line, and slowly proceeded into the direction of the site of the outer surface of the root along the fractured line.

Child↗

PubMed1990

[Biomechanically optimized construction of occlusal splints and subjective evaluation by probands].

In a double blind study twelve class I probands received occlusal splints with six different customized anterior guidances. The subjective feelings were rated using a psychologic scale. It was shown, that splints with a large "a" were better rated than splints with a small "a". "a" is the radius of the maximal curvature of the sagittal anterior tooth curvature. The transition between positive and negative ratings was very sharp and localized at the individual "a". These results suggest that occlusal splints can be optimized by including customized anterior guidances. A detailed technical description of the manufacturing of these splints is given.

Consumer Behavior↗

PubMed1990

Postoperative splinting of the pediatric upper extremity.

The protective splint described above provides appropriate immobilization and protection for our postoperative pediatric population. The major advantages of this splint over plaster of paris include direct access to the wound, easy reapplication, and unnecessary use of the plaster-cast saw. In addition, thermoplastic splints are lightweight, less bulky, more durable, water-resistant, and easily remolded. The therapist's approach to the patient and parents is of utmost importance and will affect the outcome of the splint. In conclusion, postoperative pediatric splinting can be a challenging experience that requires a significant amount of patience, knowledge, and creativity on the part of the hand therapist.

Age Factors↗