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[Pre-orthodontic surgical treatment of retained or ectopic teeth in juvenile dentitions].

For orthodontic and gnathologic reasons, impacted teeth in adolescents should not be extracted but rather placed in their appropriate positions. This article deals with the surgical aspects of a combined surgical and orthodontic methods for incorporating these teeth into the dental arch. The procedure for lifting the gingival tissue to expose the impacted tooth and the application of a plastic attachment via "direct bonding" were described.

Adolescent↗

Ectopic eruption of a mandibular first permanent molar: report of an unusual case.

A case history of an ectopically erupting mandibular left first permanent molar is described. Most notable are the unusual findings of a missing mandibular left second premolar and an epithelial cyst and a horizontally impacted mandibular left second permanent molar. A unique treatment plan called for the extraction of the mandibular second primary molar, excision of the cyst, and removal of the mandibular left second and third molars. In hindsight, other procedures might have served the patient better.

Child↗

Nasal teeth.

Ectopic and supernumerary teeth occur in a wide variety of sites. Those that have been reported include the mandibular condyle, coronoid process, orbit, palate, nasal cavity and the maxillary antrum. Eruption of teeth into these sites is rare, and easily overlooked. We present two cases in which eruption of teeth into the nose and paranasal sinuses was associated with significant morbidity and show how this was relieved by appropriate surgery.

Adult↗

Dental abnormalities in permanent dentition in children with submucous cleft palate.

Seventy-three children with submucous cleft palate (38 girls and 35 boys), mean age 8.2 years (range 7.7-9.5), were studied retrospectively from orthopantomograms. Dental abnormalities in permanent dentition were found in 26 patients (36%). Missing teeth, mainly lower 2nd premolars, upper lateral incisors, and upper 2nd premolars, were found in 12 patients (16%). Most of the patients had 1 or 2 missing teeth, 2 had 3 missing teeth. In 5 patients hypodontia was associated with another dental abnormality. Other dental abnormalities included peg-shaped lateral incisors in 7 patients (10%), ectopic eruption of upper 1st molars in 6 patients (8%), transposition of upper canines and 1st premolars in 3 patients (4%), supernumerary teeth in 2 patients (3%), and palatally displaced upper canines in 1 patient (1%). As children with submucous cleft palate have a tendency towards increased frequency of missing teeth and other dental abnormalities, the need for thorough clinical and radiological dental examination is emphasized.

Anodontia↗

New dental findings in the median cleft facial syndrome.

BACKGROUND: The main features of median cleft facial syndrome are hypertelorism, cranium bifidum occultum, widow's peak, and midine clefting of the nose, upper lip and palate. Since this pathology was first described in 1967, many cases have been reported in the literature, but none of these reports has addressed oral anomalies in depth. CASE DESCRIPTION: The authors present the case of a female patient aged 4 years and 7 months who was diagnosed with median cleft facial syndrome. In this case, the patient had an abnormal number of teeth, owing to fusion or agenesis of teeth, supernumerary teeth and ectopic eruption of some teeth. These oral anomalies had not been described before in the literature as being associated with this syndrome. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Median cleft facial syndrome is a rare pathology; however, dentists should know its possible alterations at an oral level, because children with this syndrome need dental treatment to achieve good esthetics and correct occlusion.

Anodontia↗

Enamel defects and ectopic eruption in a child with Usher syndrome and a cochlear implant.

BACKGROUND: Usher syndrome is a genetic disorder consisting of progressive loss of vision and hearing. CASE REPORT: The paper describes an 8-year-old girl with Usher syndrome type I who presented with generalized defects of the permanent dentition and ectopic eruption of the right maxillary first permanent molar. A cochlear implant had been fitted for her hearing loss, and the report reviews the implications of this device for dental treatment. The impacted first permanent molar was encouraged to erupt into the correct position by shaving the distal surface of the second primary molar. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to describe in detail an association between Usher syndrome and enamel defects.

Child↗

The use of an autogenous free gingival graft in the combined orthodontic and periodontal management of a buccally ectopic maxillary canine.

A case is reported in which an unerupted maxillary canine, situated buccally above the level of the mucogingival junction, was exposed surgically in conjunction with a free gingival graft. Alignment was achieved using the edgewise appliance. An adequate width of attached gingiva was maintained out of retention, with a good aesthetic result. The problems associated with radical exposure of buccally misplaced teeth are discussed.

Adolescent↗

[Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar].

Ectopic eruption of the maxillary first permanent molar is an eruption disturbance. This article discusses current literature views on diagnosis, prevalence, aetiology and treatment of this disturbance. It is a relatively uncommon disturbance and its aetiology remains unclear. A combination of extraction of the maxillary second primary molar and cervical headgear treatment seems the treatment of choice, although this treatment option is successful in only 70% of cases. More research has to be conducted to compare the effectiveness of treatment options.

Humans↗

[Follow-up study on coagulation stabilizing filling of bone defects using the new Gelastypt M after cystectomy of large mandibular cysts and after extraction of ectopic teeth].

The good results were confirmed in a follow-up examination of 23 patients two to six months after surgery. No signs of disturbed wound healing and/or inadequate organization of the clot could be observed catamnestically, clinically, and roentgenologically. The late infections often observed after implantation of Gelastypt S (with Surfen) did not develop after use of Gelastypt M 1/2. This preparation therefore may be recommended without restriction.

Hemostatics↗

Long-term effect of different treatment modalities for traumatized primary incisors presenting dark coronal discoloration with no other signs of injury.

The aim was to compare the long-term outcomes of root canal treatment with that of follow-up-only in traumatized primary incisors in which dark discoloration is the only sign of injury. Root canal treatment was performed in 48 dark discolored asymptomatic primary incisors following trauma. Twenty-five of them [root canal treatment (RCT) group] were followed till eruption of their permanent successors. Ninety-seven dark discolored asymptomatic primary incisors were left untreated and invited for periodic clinical and radiographic examination. Of these, 28 [follow-up (FU) group] were followed till eruption of their permanent successors. The parameters examined included early extraction of the traumatized primary incisor, early or delayed eruption of the permanent successors, ectopic eruption of the permanent successor and signs of enamel hypopcalcification or hypoplasia in the permanent successor. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Seven of 25 (28%) of the RCT group and 32% (nine of 28) of the FU group required early extraction. Five of 25 (20%) of the RCT group and 21% (six of 28) of the FU group showed early or delayed eruption of the permanent successors. Sixteen of 25 (64%) of the RCT group and 79% (22 of 28) of the FU group showed ectopic eruption of the permanent successors. Enamel hypopcalcification or hypoplasia in the permanent successors was equally found (36%) in both groups (nine of 25 in the RCT group and 10 of 28 in the FU group). None of differences was statistically significant. Root canal treatment of primary incisors that had change their color into a dark-gray hue following trauma with no other clinical or radiographic symptom is not necessary as it does not result in better outcomes in the primary teeth and their permanent successors.

Chi-Square Distribution↗

Extrusion of the ectopic maxillary canine using a lower removable appliance.

The ectopic eruption and impaction of maxillary canines is a frequently encountered problem. The prevalence is estimated to be between 0.92% to 2.2%. It is found to be palatal to the dental arch in about 85% of cases and buccal only in about 15% of cases. Ericson and Kurol suggested that removal of the deciduous canine before the age of 11 years will normalize the position of the ectopically erupting permanent canine in 91% of cases if the canine crown is distal to the midline of the lateral incisor. We strongly endorsed this interceptive approach. Early recognition that a canine is erupting ectopically is extremely important. Ericson and Kurol estimate that in 0.71% of children in the 10 to 13 year age group, permanent incisors have resorbed because of the ectopic eruption of maxillary canines. Resorption may be found as early as 10 years but occurs most frequently in the age groups 11 to 12 years. In this article a simple, well-clasped lower removable appliance is shown to be an excellent base for using light elastics to move the impacted canine, first posteriorly away from the incisor roots and then vertically and buccally. A gold chain is bonded to the unerupted canine to provide a simple and flexible means of traction that ensures the canine erupts into a zone of attached mucosa with normal crown length.

Adolescent↗

Treatment of ectopic mandibular second molar with titanium miniscrews.

The use of a Cizeta titanium miniscrew (Cizeta Surgical, Bologna, Italy) for treating an impacted mandibular second molar is presented in this report. The surgical procedure for placing the miniscrew and the subsequent orthodontic management are described, including orthodontic traction with a nickel-titanium closed-coil spring exerting 50 g of force. We concluded that the titanium miniscrew for skeletal anchorage is effective in treating deeply impacted mandibular second molars.

Adult↗

A removable appliance for the three-dimensional movement of ectopic maxillary canines.

A removable appliance design has been described which is useful in the traction of ectopic canine teeth and is capable of exerting forces in all planes of space, thus optimizing the potential to achieve a stable and aesthetically pleasing result. It does not substitute for the finesse of a fixed appliance, but is a useful tool for when a fixed appliance is not acceptable to the patient. The appliance is cheap to construct, easy to adjust and keep clean, and is well tolerated by patients.

Acrylic Resins↗

Prevalence of malocclusion in 13-15 year-old North Jordanian school children.

OBJECTIVES: This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of malocclusion in 13-15-year-old North Jordanian schoolchildren. METHODS: One thousand and three children aged 13-15 years (619 females, 384 males) were examined using Björk et al. (1964) registration method. A full clinical examination was carried out in the school premises using a mouth mirror under natural lighting. Alginate impressions were then taken for each student together with a wax bite. The impressions were poured the same day by an orthodontic technician. Peri-apical radiographs were taken for the students when hypodontia was suspected. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of malocclusion was 92%. Class II and III molars were found in 18.8% and 1.4% of the sample respectively. The malocclusion traits detected were crowding (50.4%), midline shift (31.7%), spaced dentition (26.7%), increased overjet (24.7%), deepbite (16.9%), crossbite (6.8), abnormal tooth form (7.7%), median diastema (6.9%), missing teeth (6%), ectopic canines (5.9%), inverted incisors (5.2%), high frenal attachment (3.9%), openbite (2.9%), tooth impaction (1.8%), reversed overjet (1.9%), scissorbite 0.3%. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females in the overall prevalence of malocclusion and the occlusal traits investigated. However, some dental anomalies showed significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of malocclusion among north Jordanians is comparable with other populations.

Adolescent↗

Correction of ectopic eruption of permanent molars utilizing the brass wire technique.

Ectopic eruption of a first permanent molar is a common occurrence in the developing mixed dentition. Proper management is a challenge to the pediatric dentist and is crucial to a healthy occlusion. Non-treatment can result in early loss of the second primary molar, space loss, and impaction of second premolars. Future corrective treatment may be complicated, lengthy, and costly and include: the distalizing and uprighting of the permanent molar by use of headgear and fixed or removable appliances and subsequent long term space maintenance. The brass wire technique is a fairly simple procedure and can be used successfully in moderately and even severely impacted molar cases. This procedure is described in detail with step-by-step guidelines in this paper.

Humans↗

[Ectopic teeth in the area of the paranasal sinuses].

In contrast to dentogenious affections of the sinus maxillaris ectopic or supernumerary teeth in the paranasal sinuses are seldom. Ectopic teeth located at the ostium of the sinus maxillaris are rare, intranasal teeth are very rare and ectopic/supernumerary teeth in the sinus etmoidalis are a curiosity. We report about two patients with such ectopic teeth. A 55 year old woman had a rootless tooth in her right sinus ethmoidalis which had caused a "pseudopolyposis" with consecutive nasal airway obstruction and severe headache. A 59 year old man had ectopic teeth in both sinus maxillaris which obstructed the left ostium, causing dumbness of the left cheek and severe headache. Both patients have been cured by operation. However the presented patients demonstrate that even elaborated radiological efforts could not prove diagnosis. The etiology, diagnostical steps and treatment of these teeth are discussed. The surrounding soft tissue should be examined histologically after resection of such a tooth to prevent the development of a residual cyst and to notice the extremely rare development of malignancies deriving from the highly potential tissue of the dental follicle.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

[Treatment of severe malpositions and impactions of the upper frontal teeth by fixed orthodontic techniques].

The upper frontal region is the site of various abnormalities of the teeth: in number, size, form and position. Crowding of the upper frontal teeth is one of the most common type of malocclusions. The purpose of this report is to describe and illustrate treatment of 3 cases with predominant abnormalities of the upper frontal teeth performed by fixed orthodontic techniques. The first case had Class II division 2 malocclusion associated with an impacted upper right central incisor, as well as transposition of the upper right lateral incisor and canine (non-extraction case). The second patient presented Class I malocclusion with severe crowding of the upper frontal teeth and an ectopic position of the upper right canine (extraction case). The third patient was with Class II division 2 malocclusion associated with a multiple impaction of the teeth. The following teeth were impacted: upper canines, upper left second premolar and lower second premolars (extraction case). The first case was treated by Straight Wire Arch combined with a headgear. The second patient was treated by Edgewise technique combined with a palatal arch. A combination of Edgewise technique and headgear was used in the treatment of the third case. The results obtained were functionally and aesthetically quite satisfactory.

Child↗