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Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Systematic reviews: the heart of evidence-based practice.

Research utilization approaches in nursing recently have been replaced by evidence-based practice (EBP) approaches. The heart of the new EBP paradigm is the systematic review. Systematic reviews are carefully synthesized research evidence designed to answer focused clinical questions. Systematic reviews (also known as evidence summaries and integrative reviews) implement recently developed scientific methods to summarize results from multiple research studies. Specific strategies are required for success in locating systematic reviews. Major sources of systematic reviews for use by advanced practice nurses in acute and critical care are the Online Journal of Knowledge Synthesis for Nursing, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Cochrane Library. This discussion describes systematic reviews as the pivotal point in today's paradigm of EBP and guides the advanced practice nurse in locating and accessing systematic reviews for use in practice.

Evidence-Based Medicine↗
PubMed2005

Ethical issues related to medical expert testimony.

The obstetrician-gynecologist who provides expert witness testimony is recognized as an important participant in the medical liability system. He or she must define a standard of care and opine whether the standard has been breached and whether any perceived injury was caused by the breach. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) ethical guidelines insist that the testimony be objective (free from intentioned distortion) and that the witness not assume an advocacy or partisan role. The ethical and professional boundaries of appropriate expert testimony as delineated by ACOG are more restrictive than the legal boundaries. Members of ACOG should be held to more restrictive ACOG guidelines and egregious testimony condemned by ACOG. Prospective peer review, increased judicial review, and testimony banks are other examples of methods to improve the quality of expert witness testimony. Alternatives to litigation for medical liability disputes and further tort reform might also make the system fairer and more sustainable.

Expert Testimony↗
PubMed2006

The metabolic syndrome: a glance at its history.

Although the modern era of what we now call the 'metabolic syndrome' or the 'insulin resistance syndrome' seems to have started less than two decades ago with the description of syndrome X by G.M. Reaven in the late 1980s, the history of this syndrome is much longer. In particular, a considerable number of scientists, starting as early as almost 90 years ago, have described the very common coexistence of the various components of the syndrome, including hypertension, and some of them gave several names to this clustering. On the other hand, during the past few years several international organizations have tried to form a reference context of what is included under the terms 'metabolic syndrome' and 'insulin resistance syndrome', proposing various 'definitions' for them. This review summarizes the history of the syndrome, from the early descriptions and other valuable contributions to the recent attempts to define it, as a small piece in honour of the pioneer workers in this field during the twentieth century.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed2004

Euclidean distance between syntactically linked words.

We study the Euclidean distance between syntactically linked words in sentences. The average distance is significantly small and is a very slowly growing function of sentence length. We consider two nonexcluding hypotheses: (a) the average distance is minimized and (b) the average distance is constrained. Support for (a) comes from the significantly small average distance real sentences achieve. The strength of the minimization hypothesis decreases with the length of the sentence. Support for (b) comes from the very slow growth of the average distance versus sentence length. Furthermore, (b) predicts, under ideal conditions, an exponential distribution of the distance between linked words, a trend that can be identified in real sentences.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2005

Space group P1: an update.

A new survey of the Cambridge Structural Database has uncovered 115 additional crystal structures that were described in the space group P1, but would be better described in groups of higher symmetries.

Chemistry, Physical↗