PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Tooth Demineralization”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Visual evaluation of in vitro cariostatic effect of restorative materials associated with dentifrices.

This study evaluated in vitro the cariostatic effect of 6 restorative materials with and without fluoride release (Fuji II LC, F-2000, Degufil Mineral, Sure Fil and Z-250) associated with a fluoridated and a non-fluoridated dentifrice (Sensodyne Original Formula and Sensodyne Sodium Bicarbonate), on human enamel. Class V-like cavities were prepared on 240 enamel slabs, assigned to 12 groups (6 materials and 2 dentifrices). After cavity restoration, the slabs were submitted to a thermocycling regimen of 1000 thermal cycles and demineralization/remineralization cycles. During pH cycles, slurries of fluoridated and non-fluoridated dentifrices were applied for 5 min. Formation of artificial caries-like lesions was scored independently and blindly by 5 calibrated examiners according to an ordinal scale ranked 0 to 3 by visual examination. The results were analyzed statistically by the Kruskal-Wallis test and pair-wise comparisons (alpha=0.05). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the restorative materials associated with the fluoridated dentifrice. When used in association with the non-fluoridated dentifrice, Ketac-Fil showed the highest cariostatic effect followed by Fuji II LC and the other materials. Ketac-Fil was the only material that did not differ statistically when combined with either the fluoridated or the non-fluoridated dentifrice. In conclusion, under the tested experimental conditions, the association of restorative materials and fluoridated dentifrice yielded higher cariostatic effect, except for the conventional glass ionomer cement, whose cariostatic effect was not influenced by the type of dentifrice.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗
PubMed1993

Xylitol-induced changes of enamel microhardness paralleled by microradiographic observations.

The study, aimed to analyze the feasibility of a prospective field study, was carried out in Polynesian children with rampant untreated caries. Slabs of bovine enamel were inserted for 8-12 days in cavities and subsequently replaced by permanent fillings. Before use, the surface of the slab was polished, and one half predemineralized and tested for microhardness. The follow-up in 30 subjects involved 54 slabs, 30 from negative controls with no added sweets and 24 from subjects receiving 20 g/day of xylitol in candy. The microhardness of the slabs was reassessed, and the difference between measurements calculated and tested for significance. The differences between the groups were highly significant, the predemineralized halves showing pronounced rehardening at exposure to xylitol. Parallel microradiographic observations conformed with the above findings. The results indicate that the use of a noncariogenic sweetener might be of value in high caries risk subjects.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

A newly designed automatic pH-cycling system to simulate daily pH fluctuations.

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an automatic pH-cycling system, which was intended for performing time-lapse analyses of dental caries. Two single-section specimens prepared from each of the five extracted human incisors were studied under a condition of 3- or 9-cycles/day for seven weeks. Increase of mineral loss (delta delta Z) and increase of Ld (delta Ld) were examined and compared at the end of every week during the study. In the 3-cycles/day condition, delta delta Z and delta Ld significantly increased only at Week 7. In the 9-cycles/day condition, delta deltaZ increased significantly from Week 5. delta Ld increased from Week 2, and then there were no further increases for the subsequent five weeks. Based on the results of this study, progression pattern was found to be significantly different between the two conditions. We therefore concluded that the automatic pH-cycling system which we have developed qualified as a model system that simulated the human oral cavity. As such, it could be beneficially employed to clarify the roles of many factors that cause or prevent caries development in human teeth.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

[Mechanism of action of fluorides in local/topical application].

The marked caries reduction in many countries over the last two decades is thought to be mainly the result of the widespread and frequent use of low concentrations of fluorides mainly via toothpastes. This article gives a review on fluoride sources in the oral cavity and discusses the physiochemical mechanisms by which fluoride interacts with enamel during the caries process and its reversal. From this review it becomes clear that fluoride incorporated into the enamel mineral during tooth development has little effect on the caries process. It is the fluoride incorporated posteruptively and in the aqueous phase during the caries challenge that is of primary importance. The most effective caries preventive fluoride regimen, both from a theoretical perspective and as proved clinically, is the frequent (daily) low concentration application of fluoride from toothpastes and/or mouthrinses. High concentrations, however, used at intervals of months or years and administered by the dentist, work initially not only on both de- and remineralisation, but also by providing fluoride as calcium-fluoride or absorbed in early lesions which is subsequently available over prolonged periods.

Calcium Fluoride↗
PubMed1998

[Saliva: natural protection against caries].

Salivary secretions protects the teeth and the oral mucosa. The physiology and biochemistry of saliva are discussed in detail. Following functions of saliva such as mechanical protection of teeth and mucosa; antimicrobial properties of saliva, regulation of pH and the role of saliva in de- and remineralisation of dental enamel are reviewed. Salivary gland dysfunction (etiology and treatment) emphasises the item of caries prevention.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1999

[Factors that modify de- and remineralization in dental enamel from the aspect of caries susceptibility].

The course of caries depends on an equilibrium between de- and remineralization of enamel. Epidemiologic studies performed during recent years in Poland have demonstrated a high incidence and severity of caries in children and teenagers. Therefore, the actual program of caries prevention covering the whole population of children and teenagers has not performed to the expectations, possibly because the program protocol does not discriminate between children susceptible and resistant to caries. The aims of this work included: 1. Analysis of tooth groups and surfaces as to their susceptibility to caries; 2. Evaluation of the influence of de- and remineralization modifying factors such as: a) dental plaque and sugars, b) caries-causing bacteria, c) enamel resistance to acids, d) biochemical properties of saliva--on the susceptibility to caries; 3. Evaluation of the uptake of fluorides from chewing gum by enamel in relationship to caries susceptibility. An initial clinical examination of permanent teeth was performed in 292 children aged 12 years. Subsequently, two groups were formed: one with 45 children free from caries and another with 77 children at high risk of caries. Control examinations of permanent teeth in both groups were carried out after one and three years from the initial examination. The clinical examination included a check-up of secondary dentition, counting of erupted teeth, sealed teeth, evaluation of oral hygiene status, gingivae, abnormalities in mineralization and measurement of the rate of microdemineralization. The biochemical analysis of saliva was done to measure the content of fluorides, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, as well as pH. Microsamples of enamel were collected using acid biopsy and the content of calcium and fluorine in the superficial and underlying layer was assayed. The thickness of both layers obtained by biopsy was also measured. Commercial test kits--Dentocult SM and Dentocult LB, served to determine the amount of caries-causing bacteria in saliva. Additionally, the children and their mothers responded to a questionnaire on the diet, previous diseases, therapies with antibiotics and health habits. The results were analysed using Statgraphics software. Differences between means were checked using Student t-test in its classical form or as modified by B. L. Welch. Linear correlation indices were calculated and Spearman rank correlation test was performed. On the basis of the results obtained the following conclusions were drawn: 1. 12-year old children at high risk of caries need intense dental care due to: a) extensive involvement of masticatory surfaces of molar teeth and contact surfaces of premolar teeth, b) treatment inappropriate to actual needs in this group of children. 2. Effective programs to improve the knowledge and health of children at high risk to caries should be introduced due to the following facts: a) oral hygiene was unsatisfactory in the examined children, b) children consumed large quantities of sweets. 3. Disturbances in the mineralization of enamel and the use of antibiotics in childhood were without influence on the susceptibility of teeth to caries. 4. The content of fluorides, calcium and phosphorus in the saliva of children susceptible to caries could have been below the level necessary to maintain an equilibrium between de- and remineralization of enamel. 5. Susceptibility of teeth to caries could be due to differences in the chemical composition and structure of enamel, as it appears from the content of fluorides and calcium, depth of enamel biopsy and uptake of fluorides from chewing gum. 6. Chewing of fluoride-containing gums is a supportive measure in caries prevention, particularly recommended in children at high risk of caries. 7. Caries prevention should be individualized and matched to caries risk.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1997

The role of diet, fluoride and saliva in caries prevention.

Saliva is rich in calcium and phosphates, facilitating remineralization of early carious lesions. There is evidence that remineralization is associated with an increase in the size of enamel crystals and a consequent increase in resistance to caries. The contribution of sucrose to the implantation, colonization and metabolic activities of cariogenic bacteria has been clearly established, and has led to the search for sucrose substitutes. Recent report from Australia and the United States of America have reconfirmed the safety and efficacy of fluoride in preventing dental caries. The use of fluoride in various forms thus remains the cornerstone of most caries prevention programme.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Dental applications of amorphous calcium phosphates.

Certain commercial materials and equipment are identified in this paper to specify the experimental procedure. In no instance does such identification imply recognition or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology or the ADA Health Foundation, or that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose.

Calcium Phosphates↗
PubMed2000

Experimental study of phosphopeptide in promoting tooth remineralization.

OBJECTIVE: To explore a new method for effective and safe prevention and treatment of caries. METHODS: Following the theory of tooth remineralization, we searched for the mechanism and clinical application of tooth remineralization with phosphopeptide. RESULTS: Phosphopeptide, with calcium and phosphorus, had a high affinity for hydroxyapatite and could enhance tooth remineralization. CONCLUSION: Phosphopeptide was effective in the prevention and treatment of tooth decay. Clinically, it could be safely applied.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Anticaries profile qualification of an improved whitening dentifrice.

A series of pH cycling "profile" laboratory studies was conducted to confirm the anticaries potential of an enhanced cleaning and whitening dentifrice based on a novel abrasive polishing silica and pyrophosphate tartar control source, with sodium fluoride as the anticaries ingredient. Under pH cycling remineralization conditions, the whitening dentifrice produced lesion fluoridation comparable to a conventional tartar control dentifrice containing combinations of pyrophosphate anion and a NaF fluoride ion source. Under pH cycling lesion progression conditions, the whitening dentifrice produced enamel protection against caries development, comparable to control dentifrices containing NaF alone or in combination with tartar control pyrophosphate anion. These results are consistent with clinical data supporting the effectiveness of NaF dentifrices combined with anionic tartar control inhibitors such as pyrophosphate. These results support the anticaries effectiveness of the enhanced cleaning and whitening dentifrice based upon "Stain-Specific Soft Silica."

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Clinical decision-making for coronal caries management in the permanent dentition.

Optimal conservative treatment decisions to prevent, arrest, and reverse tooth demineralization caused by caries require probability estimates on caries risk and treatment outcomes. This review is focused on the use of the best scientific evidence to recommend treatment strategies for management of coronal caries in permanent teeth as a function of caries risk. Evidence suggests that assigning therapeutic regimens to individuals according to their risk levels should yield a significantly greater probability of success and better cost effectiveness than applying identical treatments to all patients independent of risk. Depending on caries risk levels, treatment decisions based on risk can minimize unnecessary surgical intervention by incorporating the best evidence to prescribe treatment regimens for the use of fluoride-releasing agents, sealants, chlorhexidine, or combinations of these products.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

ER-YAG laser pretreatment effect on in vitro secondary caries formation around composite restorations.

PURPOSE: This in vitro study determined if Er-YAG laser used in instead of acid-etching influenced artificial secondary caries formation in enamel and root surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Class V cavities were prepared in buccal and lingual surfaces of 10 extracted caries-free molars, with cervical margins in the root surface and occlusal margins in enamel. The specimens were randomly assigned to 2 groups: Group 1: Enamel and dentin etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel (Scotchbond 15s, rinse 10s; n=5 teeth with 2 cavities per specimen, 10 occlusal and 10 root surface margins at caries risk). Group 2: Enamel and dentin surfaces conditioned using a pulsed Er-YAG laser (KAVO) with 2.94 microm wavelength, 250 micros pulse duration, 300 mJ for enamel and 250 mJ for root surface pulse energy, 2 Hz repetition rate, and water cooling (n=5 teeth with 2 cavities per specimen, 10 occlusal and 10 root surface margins at caries risk). The cavity preparations were restored with a wet-bonding technique (Scotchbond 1 adhesive system) and a hybrid resin, light-cured composite (Z100, A3 shade), according to the manufacturer's instructions. Acid-resistant varnish was applied leaving the restoration and a 1 mm rim of adjacent surface enamel and root surface exposed. The specimens were thermocycled (5-50 degrees C, 500 cycles, dwell time 30s). Following artificial caries formation (2.2 mM calcium, 2.2 mM phosphate, 50 mM acetic acid, 5.0 mg/L fluoride, pH 4.25, 10 days), longitudinal sections (3/tooth, 30 occlusal and cervical caries risk sites per group) were taken for polarized light microscopic examination (water imbibition). Primary surface lesion depth and wall lesion frequency was determined and compared between groups (Student's t-test). RESULTS: Er-YAG laser irradiation resulted in a 56% reduction in primary enamel surface lesion depth (116 microm mean depth) when compared with the acid-etched group (263 microm mean depth), and a 39% decrease in root surface lesion depth (194 microm mean depth) compared with that (316 microm mean depth) for acid-etching pretreatment (P< 0.05). Wall lesion frequency was similar (P>0.05) between treatment groups.

Acetates↗
PubMed1998

Partial bifurcation and webbed root of mandibular second premolar--an uncommon variation.

An eleven year old girl reported to J. S. S. Dental College with spontaneous pain in the left mandibular region. On examination, left mandibular second premolar was found to be hypoplastic and grossly destroyed. On radiographic evaluation, an uncommon variation of bifurcation at the apical one third of the root was seen while the contralateral tooth was normal. Treatment planning included extraction of the tooth and evaluation of the morphodifferentiation which showed a webbed appearance in the bifurcated root contrary to the radiographic finding. This webbed appearance could be due to hypomineralisation due to trauma to the developing roots from the infection of its predecessors.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed2002

Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the demand for restorative treatment, dental anxiety and dental behaviour management problems among children with severe hypomineralization of their first molars (MIH). DESIGN: Case control study. SAMPLE AND METHODS: Data were compiled from the dental records of 32 9-year-old children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars and from 41 controls of the same age group concerning dental health, a number of restorative treatments, use of local anaesthesia and clinical behaviour management problems (BMP). A questionnaire containing specific questions on children's experiences of dental care and the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), was answered by the parents. RESULTS: The children in the study group had undergone dental treatment of their first molars nearly 10 times as often as the children in the control group. Repeated treatments of these teeth at brief intervals were common. The dental treatment was often undertaken without the use of local anaesthesia, and BMP, and dental fear and anxiety (DFA) were more common than in the controls. CONCLUSIONS: Children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their first molars had had to undergo a considerable amount of dental treatment. It is reasonable to assume that experiences of pain and discomfort on repeated occasions were related to the occurrence of BMP in patients with MIH. An early treatment planning and prognostication based on increased knowledge of hypomineralized first molars is desirable. Local anaesthesia and other pain-reducing techniques, e.g. sedation, should be used when treating these teeth. Extraction should be considered in cases of extensive disintegration of the crown, in cases of frequently repeated treatments or when pulpal symptoms are hard to cure.

Anesthesia, Dental↗