PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Virus Inactivation”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Virus inactivation by grapes and wines.

Infusions and extracts of different grapes inactivated poliovirus; agents responsible for this property resided in the skin of the grape. Commercial grape juice at both natural and neutral pH inactivate various enteric viruses and herpes simplex virus; a 1,000-fold reduction in poliovirus infectivity occurred after incubation with grape juice, pH 7.0, for 24 h at 4 degrees C. A variety of wines were antiviral but to a lesser extent than grape juice; red wines were more antiviral than white. Antiviral activity was demonstrable in fractions of grape juice varying in molecular weight from less than 1,000 to greater than 30,000 as determined by membrane filtration. Some restoration of poliovirus infectivity from virus-grape juice complexes was achieved with 1% gelatin, 0.1% Tween 80, 0.5% polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and 0.5% polyethylene glycol.

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Virus inactivation in plasma fractions for therapeutic use].

Methods to inactivate (or eliminate) viruses must be developed to ensure the safety of blood plasma fractions. For that purpose, dry or liquid heat treatment, solvent/detergent mixtures, beta-propiolactone/ultraviolet treatment, and chromatographic methods are the main procedures in use to date.

Blood↗
PubMed1996

[Evaluation of viral safety of a high-purity human factor VIII concentrate submitted to 2 specific virus inactivation treatments (FANDHI)].

AIM: To perform a validation study of the production process of a human high purity FVIII concentrate, obtained by affinity chromatography and treated with solvent-detergent and 80 degrees C, 72- hour dry heating in the final vial, in order to demonstrate its viral safety. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The ability to inactivate or eliminate viruses was studied in the steps of PEG precipitation, solvent-detergent treatment (6 h 25 degrees C), affinity chromatography and lyophilization plus heating 80 degrees C for 72 h. HIV and models for hepatitis A, B and C, as well as a model for parvovirus B-19 were employed. The experiments were carried out by spiking the samples at each step with 10% of their volume with the highest titer available virus culture. The samples were processed under validated conditions (mimicking the industrial process) and the residual infectivity was determined (as well as p24 antigen and reverse transcriptase for HIV at the solvent-detergent step). RESULTS: No residual infectivity could be detected for enveloped viruses (HIV and models for hepatitis B and C) after the first minutes of solvent-detergent treatment, which lasts 6 hours. Lyophilization followed by heating 80 degrees C for 72 hours caused complete disappearance of infectivity for the models of hepatitis A and C, before 24 hours of a treatment which lasts 72. Furthermore, lyophilization plus heating reduced infectivity for the models of hepatitis B and parvovirus B-19 by 3.4 and 4.1 logs, respectively. The affinity chromatography reduced infectivity by 7.6 logs for the model of hepatitis B and 2 logs for HIV. PEG precipitation also reduced the infectivity by 3.3 logs for the model of hepatitis A and by 1.2 logs for the model of parvovirus B-19. Taking the process as whole, the study showed cumulative reduction values between 5.3 and > 19 logs of the analyzed viruses. 25 million FVIII units have been transfused so far as FANHDI, with no seroconversion detected. Furthermore, no increase in FVIII inhibitor frequency has been described. CONCLUSION: The FVIII concentrate described shows outstanding viral safety characteristics. These data, together with the preliminary clinical experience after one year usage of the product, indicate that FANHDI is a suitable preparation for haemophilia A treatment.

Blood↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Replication-deficient vaccinia virus gene therpay vector: evaluation of exogenous gene expression mediated by PUV-inactivated virus in glioma cells.

BACKGROUND: Mild psoralen and UV (PUV) treatments inactivate viral DNA replication, but the virus retains its ability to infect cells. Thus, PUV treatment of vaccinia virus (VV) vectors may increase the safety of gene delivery and extend the duration of gene expression. Although the first studies on PUV-inactivated VV (PUV-VV) for the delivery of suicide or cytokine genes to cancer cells were promising, the efficiency and kinetics of exogenous gene expression have not been fully evaluated. Furthermore, these studies should be extended to other gene therapy strategies, e.g. tumor suppressor genes. METHODS: We constructed VV recombinants carrying the luciferase (luc) gene, or the tumor suppressor p53 gene, to analyze exogenous gene expression after PUV treatment. Apoptosis induction and antitumor effects were examined in glioma cell culture and in an animal model, respectively. RESULTS: PUV-VV induced efficient PE/L-driven expression of luc and p53 exogenous genes in infected cells. A surprising prolonged p53 protein production was measured in glioma cells infected with PUV-VV expressing p53 (VV-TK-53) on Days 5-7 post-infection, reaching a maximal level of 9 microg/ml. VV-TK-53 induced apoptosis in 88% and 77.6% of infected C6 and 9L glioma cells, respectively. In contrast, 80% of cells infected with the PUV-inactivated control virus remained viable. Finally, ex vivo infection of C6 glioma cells with PUV-inactivated VV-TK-53 significantly reduced subsequent tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS: Replication-deficient PUV-VV is safe and very efficient in prolonged foreign gene expression. Therefore PUV-VVs are recommended as vectors for applications in cancer gene therapy and recombinant vaccine development.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Virus inactivation in red cell concentrates by photosensitization with phthalocyanines: protection of red cells but not of vesicular stomatitis virus with a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E.

BACKGROUND: Photodynamic treatment of red cells (RBCs) with phthalocyanines and red light inactivates lipid-enveloped viruses, such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and human immunodeficiency virus. To protect RBCs from photodynamic damage, type I free radical quenchers, such as mannitol, which did not affect virus inactivation, were added. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPcS4) was found to inactivate VSV at a rate one-fourth that of the silicon phthalocyanines (Pc 4 and Pc 5). However, the latter also caused more RBC damage. To protect RBCs against this photodynamic damage, Trolox, a water-soluble vitamin E analogue, was used. RBC damage was measured as potassium leakage or hemolysis during storage after treatment. In addition, reduction in negative surface charge on RBCs was measured immediately after treatment, and the effect of Trolox on VSV inactivation in RBCs was evaluated. RESULTS: Trolox at a concentration of 5 mM was found to reduce potassium leakage during storage after Pc 4 and AIPcS4 photodynamic treatment of RBCs. Hemolysis during storage of RBC concentrates treated with Pc 4 or Pc 5 was drastically reduced by the addition of 5 mM Trolox prior to light exposure. At the same concentration, Trolox inhibited the reduction of negative surface charges on RBCs following Pc 4 and Pc 5 photodynamic treatment. Under these conditions, VSV inactivation by photodynamic treatment with all phthalocyanines was not affected by Trolox. In aqueous solution, Trolox formed a complex with AIPcS4, thus quenching the excited triplet state of AIPcS4 at a constant rate of 8.8 x 10(6) per M per second. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Trolox protects RBCs from phthalocyanine-photosensitized damage without affecting virus kill. The addition of Trolox would be beneficial for improving the quality of RBCs subjected to photodynamic treatment.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMed2001

A potentially improved approach to methylene blue virus inactivation of plasma: the Maco Pharma Maco-Tronic system.

Plasma was subjected to methylene blue (MB) photochemical virus inactivation using the Maco Pharma Maco-Tronic system which allows three units to be illuminated together, thus reducing processing time. The plasma bag system used incorporates an integral membrane plasma filter and a dry MB pill which dissolves in the plasma to give a 1-microM concentration. There is computer-controlled processing and datalogging. In an assessment of 10 pools of Group A plasma, the losses of coagulation factors, following MB/light treatment, were 23% fibrinogen, 10% FV, 26% FVIII, 11% FIX and 13% FXI. Group O, Group B and Group AB plasmas were not tested. Von Willebrand factor (vWf) multimers showed no substantial change when treated with MB, and no losses were seen for antithrombin III (ATIII), protein C and vWf:Ag. Measurements of C3a, C5a, prothrombin fragment 1+2 and FXIIa indicated that there was no activation as a result of filtration.

Antithrombin III↗
PubMed1980

Survival of human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment: evidence for virus-inactivating microorganisms.

The stability of certain human enteroviruses in the Hawaiian ocean environment was examined. The present data indicated that the time for 90% reduction of poliovirus type 1 at 24 +/- 1 degree C in seawater samples obtained from different sites in Hawaii ranged from 24 to 48 h, and complete inactivation occurred within 72 to 96 h. The accumulated evidence also strongly indicated that a virus-inactivating agent(s) of a microbiological nature was present in both clean and sewage-polluted seawaters, but not in fresh, mountain stream waters. The antiviral activity was lost when the seawater samples were subjected to boiling, autoclaving, or filtration through a 0.22- or 0.45-micrometer, but not a 1.0-micrometer, membrane filter. That the antiviral activity of the seawater was related to the growth activities of microorganisms was corroborated by the observed effects of added nutrients, a lower temperature of incubation, and the presence of certain antibiotics. Other enteric viruses, such as coxsackie virus B-4 and echo virus-7, were also shown to be similarly inactivated in seawater.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Transmission of hepatitis A to patients with hemophilia by factor VIII concentrates treated with organic solvent and detergent to inactivate viruses. The Italian Collaborative Group.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection that occurred in 52 patients with hemophilia in Italy was acquired through infusion of contaminated factor VIII or through environmental enteric transmission. DESIGN: A case-control study and a molecular analysis of HAV sequences from implicated lots of factor VIII and from infected patients. PATIENTS: The first 29 patients with hemophilia and jaundice in whom hepatitis A developed were compared with one to three matched controls with hemophilia but no jaundice. MEASUREMENTS: Type of concentrate and batches infused, number of doses, contacts with persons who had jaundice or hepatitis A, travel abroad to countries reported to have a high attack rate for hepatitis A, and consumption of raw shellfish. Hepatitis A viral sequences sought by polymerase chain reaction in lots of factor VIII and in serial serum samples from two patients with hemophilia in whom hepatitis A developed. Amplification by polymerase chain reaction of cDNA transcribed with reverse transcriptase from matched sets of factor VIII and recipient serum samples. Determination of nucleotide sequence of amplified hepatitis A virus genome. MAIN RESULTS: Case patients were neither more nor less likely than controls to have traveled to high-risk countries, consumed raw shellfish, or had contact with persons with jaundice. Case patients were more likely than controls to have received a factor VIII concentrate treated with a solvent-detergent mixture to inactivate viruses (odds ratio, infinity; 95% CI, 4.5 to infinity) and to have had larger infusions of the concentrate during the presumed HAV incubation period (odds ratio, 8.54; CI, 2.78 to 27.5). Hepatitis A viral sequences were found in 5 of 12 tested lots of factor VIII. Genomic sequences of HAV obtained for two matched sets of factor VIII and recipient serum samples were identical within each set but different for the two sets. CONCLUSION: Hepatitis A was transmitted by a factor VIII concentrate treated by a virucidal method (solvent-detergent) that ineffectively inactivates nonenveloped viruses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Protective effect of inactivated virus vaccine on Sendai virus infection in rats.

Rats which had received two doses of inactivated Sendai virus vaccine were resistant to intranasal virus challenge. Vaccination was equally effective when administered by intravenous, intraperitoneal, intramuscular, or subcutaneous routes but not the intranasal route. Rats vaccinated intraperitoneally with inactivated Sendai virus vaccine were protected from contact infection. Suckling rats born to vaccinated dams were resistant to challenge infection at 3 weeks of age, but the resistance was not demonstrated after weaning at 4 weeks of age.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Inhibition of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and virus inactivation by metal complexes of isonicotinic acid hydrazide.

The cupric and ferric complexes of isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) inhibit the DNA synthesis catalysed by avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV) reverse transcriptase. The inhibition was to the extent of 95% by 50 microM of cupric-INH complex and 55% by 100 microM of ferric-INH complex. These complexes have been found to bind preferentially to the enzyme than to the template-primer. Kinetic analysis showed that the cupric-INH complex is a non-competitive inhibitor with respect to dTTP. The time course of inhibition has revealed that the complexes are inhibitory even after the initiation of polynucleotide synthesis. In vivo toxicity studies in 1-day-old chicks have shown that the complexes are not toxic up to a concentration of 500 microgram per chick. Infection of the 1-day-old chicks with AMV pretreated with 150 microgram of either of the complexes prevented symptoms of leukemia due to virus inactivation.

Animals↗
PubMed1972

Immunogenicity of rabies virus inactivated by -propiolactone, acetylethyleneimine, and ionizing irradiation.

Ionizing radiation, beta-propiolactone, and acetylethyleneimine were compared for their ability as virus-inactivating agents for the preparation of rabies vaccine. Each agent reduced viral infectivity exponentially; ionizing radiation also destroyed viral hemagglutinin. The vaccine prepared by ionizing radiation was equal or superior to that prepared by beta-propiolactone in its ability to protect mice from rabies infection. The acetylethyleneimine-treated vaccine was a less potent immunogen.

Acetates↗
PubMed2002

Clinical efficacy of highly purified, doubly virus-inactivated factor VIII/von Willebrand factor concentrate (Fanhdi) in the treatment of von Willebrand disease: a retrospective clinical study.

The goal of therapy in patients with von Willebrand disease (vWD) is to correct the dual defect of primary haemostasis and intrinsic coagulation reflected by low levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIII:C). Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor (FVIII/vWF) concentrates are currently the treatment of choice in vWD patients unresponsive to desmopressin (DDAVP). However, only few studies on their clinical use are available so far. The main objective of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of a highly purified, doubly virus-inactivated FVIII/vWF concentrate with a high content of FVIII/vWF (Fanhdi). Twenty-two patients with congenital vWD have been treated from 1999 to 2001 at eight specialized centres belonging to the Italian Association of Hemophilia Centers (AICE). Ten males and 12 females, median age 28.5 years, range 5-70 years) had type 3 vWD (six cases), DDAVP-unresponsive type 1 (nine cases) and type 2B (seven cases). The study drug was given to stop or prevent 12 bleeding episodes or to prevent excessive bleeding during 14 surgical or invasive procedures. Overall, replacement therapy with the concentrate showed an excellent to good clinical efficacy in 92% of bleeding episodes and in 93% of surgical procedures. No adverse events occurred during 1,601 infusions, accounting for a total of 304,500 IU of FVIII:C administered. These results confirm the efficacy and safety of this concentrate in the management of bleeding episodes and in the prevention of excessive bleeding during major and minor surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Safety of virus inactivated antithrombin III concentrate antithrombin III immuno (AT III).

In a prospective clinical trial the risk of infection after application of virus inactivated antithrombin III concentrate ANTITHROMBIN III IMMUNO (AT III) was investigated in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The study was conducted according to the recommendations of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ICTH), with the exception that most patients required additional blood products as well as AT III. Twenty-seven patients were eligible to test for the risk of acquiring hepatitis B. Twenty-six patients could be evaluated in terms of hepatitis NANB transmission considering ALT-levels whereas 20 patients could be tested for anti-HCV one year after surgery. Samples from 78 patients could be monitored for anti-HIV-1. None of these patients showed any signs of infection. AT III IMMUNO seems to be an antithrombin III concentrate with low or absent infectivity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1979

Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus measured by virus inactivation: mechanism and blocking of the reaction by specific antibody.

The process whereby varicella-zoster (V-Z) virus is inactivated in vitro by immune human peripheral blood leukocytes stimulated with V-Z antigen was examined. It was found that stimulation of leukocytes by V-Z antigen, but not by other viral antigens, was required for inactivation of V-Z virus to occur. Viral inactivation could be blocked by addition of V-Z antiserum to either the stimulation phase of the reaction or the inactivation phase, further demonstrating the specificity of the reaction. In addition these blocking experiments suggested that modulation of V-Z membrane antigen by antiserum occurred with an accompanying loss of immunological recognition of virus-infected cells. Inactivation of V-Z virus in vitro in this study appeared not to be dependent upon the secretion of interferon or upon antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The specific cells required for V-Z inactivation were T lymphocytes and monocytes (macrophage precursors).

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1989

Vaccination of pigs against Aujeszky's disease by the intradermal route using live attenuated and inactivated virus vaccines.

A study was undertaken of the protection induced by inactivated and live Aujeszky's disease virus vaccines. The vaccines were administered using a special device which, without the use of a needle, delivered the preparation intradermally. The trials were performed on 88 pigs which were vaccinated at the beginning of the fattening period both in experimental conditions and in pig herds. All the pigs were challenged at the end of the fattening period in isolation units. The results obtained were compared with those obtained using the same vaccines injected intramuscularly. It was shown that vaccination via the intradermal route induced good protection in the vaccinated animals and was similar to that conferred by live virus vaccine injected intramuscularly. The results, with the inactivated virus vaccine, were not so good when it was injected via the intradermal route. Studies with intradermal vaccination showed no local lesion or very small nodules strictly localized to the dermis. The results also confirmed that the effects of challenge exposure depended on the health status of animals prior to infection and show the necessity to use a synthetic value (delta G) to interpret the data and mainly to compare the results objectively. In fattening pigs this vaccination procedure is attractive because (i) less animal constraint is needed than would be for intramuscular injections, (ii) injection can be checked by the presence of a visible papula at the site of inoculation and, (iii) pigs can be vaccinated in the ham while they are feeding. Injection without a needle also contributes to avoiding bacterial contamination under practical farm conditions of vaccination.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Large-scale concentration and purification of virus suspension from microcarrier culture for the preparation of inactivated virus vaccines.

Because of the presence of bovine serum proteins in poliovirus and rabiesvirus suspensions harvested from microcarrier cultures, a concentration and purification process has been developed in order to remove these proteins. The process comprises clarification by filtration, concentration by ultrafiltration, gel filtration on Sepharose 6B and column chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A50. The serum protein content of the virus suspensions if reduced to a serum dilution of less than 1: 10(6) at a virus antigen recovery rate of 70 to 80%.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Current status of viral safety of virus inactivated factor VIII and IX concentrates in treatment of hemophilia].

Based on the results of seven ICTH-controlled PUP studies only the virus-inactivating procedures by pasteurization (60 degrees C for 10 h), tri-n-butyl-phosphate/detergent treatment, and vapor heating (60 degrees C for 10 h and 1,200 mbar) have prevented the haemophilic patients from infections with hepatitis B, C and HIV. After the disaster of the HIV infection in haemophilic patients at the beginning of the 80's the factor concentrates given today seem to be safe for virus infections during substitution therapy. To prove this high therapeutical standard there is a need for a prospective long-term pharmaco-vigilance study under the auspices of an independent body such as the Medical Advising Committee of the National Haemophilia Society or other scientific organisations.

Blood Component Transfusion↗