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Results for “Vision, Low”

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At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Low vision service delivery: an audit of newly developed outreach clinics in Northern Ireland.

Recent publications recommend that low vision services are multi-professional; easily accessible; freely available to all those with visual impairment; monitored by professional and patient groups, and responsive to user feedback. These standards were applied when developing low vision outreach services in Northern Ireland in 1999/2000. Results are reported of the complete clinical audit cycle, coupled with a patient satisfaction telephone questionnaire, which was used to evaluate the service. Of the 48 patients randomly selected from the list of clinic attendees, 28 (58%) were female, 27 (56%) over 80 years of age and 38 (78%) had a primary ocular diagnosis of age related macular degeneration (AMD). Of the 46 low vision aids issued at patients' first appointments, 30 (67%) were illuminated stand magnifiers and 29 (63%) had magnification levels of x5 or less. A total of 46 (96%) patients reported that they had benefited from low vision services.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Low vision rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis: a case report.

A 34-year-old white male presented with a previous diagnosis of optic atrophy secondary to multiple sclerosis, seeking low vision rehabilitation. This case report is presented to illustrate the importance of prescribing both conventional optical low vision devices, as well as computer low vision aids in order to provide comprehensive low vision rehabilitation for a young visually impaired adult.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

The relationship between low vision and performance of activities of daily living in nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the link between low vision and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) performance in cognitively intact nursing home residents. DESIGN: Survey. SETTING: A non-profit geriatric long-term care facility. SUBJECTS: 21 males, 82 females, aged 66-98. MEASURES: Survey of 103 nursing home residents. ADL functioning assessed via Maryland Appraisal of Patient Progress (MAPP); medical data collected through chart review; ophthalmological data obtained through dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist. RESULTS: In comparison with residents having good vision (n = 52), a significantly greater proportion of residents with low vision (n = 51) were dependent on caregivers for performing ADLs (eg, toileting, transferring, washing). Residents with low vision had significantly more eye pathology (eg, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration) than did residents with good vision. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to presence of musculoskeletal problems (eg, arthritis) or number of medical conditions (eg, cardiovascular disorder, cerebrovascular accident). CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong link between low vision and ADL disability in nursing home residents. Moreover, ADL dependency is significantly related to the presence of eye disorders.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1994

[An epidemiologic survey of blindness and low vision in persons over 45 years old in Doumen County].

An epidemiologic survey of blindness and low vision in persons over 45 years old in Doumen County, Guangdong Province was carried out in 1991. The sample size was 932 subjects. We found that the impairment of vision < 0.3 accounted for 10.94%. The prevalences of bilateral blindness and low vision were 1.61% and 3.22%, respectively. Both the prevalences of blindness and low vision were increased with age. The leading cause of blindness was cataract (45.20%) and the second, corneal opacity (16.70%).

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Characteristics of a paediatric low vision population in a private eye hospital in India.

While private hospitals provide an important access point for low vision services for children in urban India, little is known about this service delivery route. A cross sectional survey was done of consecutive records of 220 children presenting at a newly opened paediatric low vision centre in a private eye hospital in Hyderabad. On presentation, 49% of the children were classified as moderately visually impaired, 31% were severely visually impaired and 20% were blind. The four major causes of visual impairment were the hereditary/genetic conditions of congenital glaucoma, hereditary macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa and albinism. Approach magnification was sufficient for required near tasks in all pre-school children and about 50% of school children. Provision of a distance refraction decreased the prevalence of severe visual impairment and blindness by 31%. The most commonly prescribed low vision devices were spectacles indicating a key role for optometry in the management of visual impairment in Indian children. Establishment of low vision clinics in existing Indian eye hospitals using associated optometric staff would be a cost effective method to minimise visual impairment in Indian children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Guidance (challenges and priorities) in the assessment of children with low vision: ERN-EYE clinical consensus statement.

Across Europe, children living with low vision often face inconsistent approaches to the assessment of their visual function, leading to delays in diagnosis and unequal access to care. To address this gap, a multidisciplinary group of experts from 8 European countries developed a clinical consensus statement (CCS), using a modified Delphi process. This CCS provides guidance on evaluation of primary visual functions in children with low vision, regardless of etiologies. Assessing visual function can be challenging and cannot be limited to testing visual acuity. It requires a comprehensive approach that takes into account the child's developmental age and necessary adjustments for vision loss. This consensus statement presents different validated tools to evaluate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field, and color vision. It provides practical guidance for their use across developmental stages, including infancy and in children with syndromic or neurodevelopmental conditions, and highlights the critical role of caregivers in ensuring reliable assessments. The recommendations emphasize the need for age-appropriate testing strategies, tailored adaptations for low vision and additional impairment, and the importance of early assessment to support timely habilitation and optimize developmental outcomes.

Assessment↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The virtual retinal display as a low-vision computer interface: a pilot study.

This pilot study examined the performance of an alternative computer visual interface, the Virtual Retinal Display (VRD), for low-vision use. The VRD scans laser light directly onto the retina, creating a virtual image. Since visually impaired individuals can have difficulty using computer displays, a matched comparison study was done between the VRD and the standard cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor. Reading speed and acuity tests were collected from 13 low-vision volunteers selected to represent the broad range of partially sighted individuals actively involved in the work force. Forty-six percent of subjects had highest visual acuity while viewing the VRD; 30% of subjects had highest acuity viewing the CRT; and 24% of subjects had equal acuity across the two displays. Although mean reading speed across all 13 subjects indicated no significant difference between displays, individual subjects with predominantly optical causes of low vision exhibited clinically important increases in reading speed versus the CRT. However, most subjects with predominantly retinal damage showed a slight disadvantage using the VRD. We give theoretical explanation to the bifurcated results and conclude that for a subset of low-vision users, the VRD technology is very promising as a basis for future low-vision aids.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Modification of common low vision devices for uncommon needs.

Creativity in the field of low vision is certainly a necessary requisite when trying to solve a patient's individual needs. Four different categories of low vision devices--hand magnifier, stand magnifier, telescope, and absorptive lens--were modified initially to meet a particular patient's requirement(s). The devices modified were: 1) a +28 aspheric hand magnifier; 2) a magnetized stand magnifier to assist patients in stabilizing a stand magnifier; 3) a focusable telescope held on a gooseneck stand; and 4) a flip-up frame for the Corning CPF series of lenses. These modifications could be of benefit to other patients.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed2002

Prevalence of blindness and low vision in Malaysian population: results from the National Eye Survey 1996.

BACKGROUND: A national eye survey was conducted in 1996 to determine the prevalence of blindness and low vision and their major causes among the Malaysian population of all ages. METHODS: A stratified two stage cluster sampling design was used to randomly select primary and secondary sampling units. Interviews, visual acuity tests, and eye examinations on all individuals in the sampled households were performed. Estimates were weighted by factors adjusting for selection probability, non-response, and sampling coverage. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 69% (that is, living quarters response rate was 72.8% and household response rate was 95.1%). The age adjusted prevalence of bilateral blindness and low vision was 0.29% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.39%), and 2.44% (95% CI 2.18 to 2.69%) respectively. Females had a higher age adjusted prevalence of low vision compared to males. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of bilateral low vision and blindness among the four ethnic groups, and urban and rural residents. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (39%) followed by retinal diseases (24%). Uncorrected refractive errors (48%) and cataract (36%) were the major causes of low vision. CONCLUSION: Malaysia has blindness and visual impairment rates that are comparable with other countries in the South East Asia region. However, cataract and uncorrected refractive errors, though readily treatable, are still the leading causes of blindness, suggesting the need for an evaluation on accessibility and availability of eye care services and barriers to eye care utilisation in the country.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Development and psychometric tests of the Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To develop and assess the psychometric validity of a Chinese language Vision Health related quality-of-life (VRQoL) measurement instrument for the Chinese visually impaired. METHODS: The Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (LVQOL) was translated and adapted into the Chinese-version Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire (CLVQOL). The CLVQOL was completed by 100 randomly selected people with low vision (primary group) and 100 people with normal vision (control group). Ninety-four participants from the primary group completed the CLVQOL a second time 2 weeks later (test-retest group). The internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, item-internal consistency, item-discrimination validity, construct validity and discriminatory power of the CLVQOL were calculated. RESULTS: The review committee agreed that the CLVQOL replicated the meaning of the LVQOL and was sensitive to cultural differences. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the split-half coefficient for the four scales and total CLVQOL scales were 0.75-0.97. The test-retest reliability as estimated by the intraclass correlations coefficient was 0.69-0.95. Item-internal consistency was > 0.4 and item-discrimination validity was generally < 0.40. The Varimax rotation factor analysis of the CLVQOL identified four principal factors. the quality-of-life rating of four subscales and the total score of the CLVQOL of the primary group were lower than those of the Control group, both in hospital-based subjects and community-based subjects. CONCLUSION: The CLVQOL Chinese is a culturally specific vision-related quality-of-life measure instrument. It satisfies conventional psychometric criteria, discriminates visually healthy populations from low vision patients and may be valuable in screening the local community as well as for use in clinical practice or research.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Low vision examination in children with visual impairment.

Low vision aid evaluation should be part of the routine ophthalmic care of all children with subnormal vision. The evaluations establish the child's visual capacities and assess the possible benefits of optical or nonoptical aids to maximize visual function. The concerted efforts of parents, physicians, and teachers are necessary to minimize the child's visual impairment and to avoid subsequent disabilities. Examination technique and equipment is essentially that required for routine ophthalmic care with the addition of a few low vision aid devices. Particular emphasis should be placed on communicating with parents and others directly concerned with the child's education and development.

Aphakia↗

PubMed1993

Causes of low vision and blindness in south western Saudi Arabia. A hospital-based study.

The authors studied 1,681 consecutive patients who attended their ophthalmic outpatient clinics over a period of 12 months to determine the patients' visual acuity status and the causes of any visual loss. Using the World Health Organization criteria for definition of visual acuity status, 1004 (59.7%) patients had normal vision. Four hundred and thirty-one (25.6%) patients had low vision or visual impairment and 246 (14.6%) patients were blind. Twenty-eight (1.9%) patients had no light perception in both eyes. Cataract, both in isolation and co-existing with other ocular pathology, was the major cause of both low vision and blindness (58.5% and 81.7%, respectively). A concerted attack on cataract alone will markedly reduce blindness and low vision in this region.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Blindness and low vision in Cape Verde Islands: results of a national eye survey.

AIMS: Prior to establishing a national prevention of blindness program a population based survey was conducted in Cape Verde Islands in1998. The objectives of the survey were to estimate the overall and age-specific prevalence of blindness and low vision, to identify the main disorders causing blindness and low vision, and to estimate the population need for basic eye care services. METHODS: A two-level cluster random sampling procedure was used, selecting 30 clusters from the nine inhabited islands and 3,803 persons of all ages were included in the sample. RESULTS: 3,374 persons were examined (coverage 88.7%). The prevalence of bilateral blindness (visual acuity in the better eye less than 3/60) was 0.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.5-1.1), of bilateral low vision (6/18 to 3/60 in the better eye) 1.7% (95% CI: 1.3-2.2) and of monocular blindness 1.5% (95% CI: 1.2-2.0). The major causes of blindness were age related cataract and glaucoma (57.7% and 15.4%, respectively, of blind people recruited). The major causes of bilateral low vision were cataract, refractive errors, and macular disorders (46.2%, 26.8%, and 8.9%, respectively, of persons with low vision). Nontrachomatous corneal opacities accounted for 7.7% of bilateral and for 11.5% of monocular blindness. Vascular retinopathy was responsible for 7.7% of bilateral and for 9.6% of monocular blindness. Trachoma is not a public health problem as only 2.3% of children less than 10 years of age were suffering from active trachoma. Palpebral or limbal vernal conjunctivitis were encountered in 4.5% of persons under 25. CONCLUSION: More than half of the visual impairments are treatable by provision of cataract surgery and cataract has been indicated as a priority target in the recently designed National Blindness Program of the Cape Verde Republic. Pathologic conditions such as diabetes are emerging as serious burden for ageing populations and account for most of the retinal vascular disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

National survey of blindness and low vision in Lebanon.

AIMS: To survey level of blindness and low vision in Lebanon. METHODS: A population survey was undertaken in 10,148 individuals to measure the prevalence and identify the causes of blindness in Lebanon. RESULTS: The prevalence of blindness was 0.6% and that of low vision 3.9%. The major causes of blindness were cataract (41.3%) and uncorrected large refractive error (12.6%). CONCLUSION: Most causes of blindness in Lebanon can be controlled by various educational and medical programmes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

A history of low vision and blind rehabilitation in the United States.

The author presents a history of services for the blind and those with low vision in the United States focusing on the areas of orientation and mobility, and rehabilitation teaching. The controversies involving the development of these specialties are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the role of Father Thomas Carroll in the establishment of low vision and blind services for the military and veterans administrations. Published data regarding the past role of ophthalmologists in obtaining low vision services for patients is reviewed. The opportunity for a more active role for ophthalmologic involvement in the rehabilitation of the low vision and blind patient is discussed.

Blindness↗

PubMed1992

Image enhancement filters significantly improve reading performance for low vision observers.

As people age, so do their photoreceptors; many photoreceptors in central vision stop functioning when a person reaches their late sixties or early seventies. Low vision observers with losses in central vision, those with age-related maculopathies, were studied. Low vision observers no longer see high spatial frequencies, being unable to resolve fine edge detail. We developed image enhancement filters to compensate for the low vision observer's losses in contrast sensitivity to intermediate and high spatial frequencies. The filters work by boosting the amplitude of the less visible intermediate spatial frequencies. The lower spatial frequencies. These image enhancement filters not only reduce the magnification needed for reading by up to 70%, but they also increase the observer's reading speed by 2-4 times. A summary of this research is presented.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Do tinted lenses or filters improve visual performance in low vision? A review of the literature.

This is a review of studies that have investigated the proposed rehabilitative benefit of tinted lenses and filters for people with low vision. Currently, eye care practitioners have to rely on marketing literature and anecdotal reports from users when making recommendations for tinted lens or filter use in low vision. Our main aim was to locate a prescribing protocol that was scientifically based and could assist low vision specialists with tinted lens prescribing decisions. We also wanted to determine if previous work had found any tinted lens/task or tinted lens/ocular condition relationships, i.e. were certain tints or filters of use for specific tasks or for specific eye conditions. Another aim was to provide a review of previous research in order to stimulate new work using modern experimental designs. Past studies of tinted lenses and low vision have assessed effects on visual acuity (VA), grating acuity, contrast sensitivity (CS), visual field, adaptation time, glare, photophobia and TV viewing. Objective and subjective outcome measures have been used. However, very little objective evidence has been provided to support anecdotal reports of improvements in visual performance. Many studies are flawed in that they lack controls for investigator bias, and placebo, learning and fatigue effects. Therefore, the use of tinted lenses in low vision remains controversial and eye care practitioners will have to continue to rely on anecdotal evidence to assist them in their prescribing decisions. Suggestions for future research, avoiding some of these experimental shortcomings, are made.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1988

Visual results with low-vision aids in age-related macular degeneration.

We reviewed the records of 61 patients with age-related macular degeneration who had an exudative or a dry macular scar and who had received low-vision rehabilitation. Exudative scars resulted from the natural course of sub-retinal new vessels, and dry scars from successful photocoagulation to the new vessels. Low-vision aids consisted of high-power positive lenses. Eyes were divided into three groups according to their distance visual acuity before using low-vision aids: Group 1, 20/100; Group 2, 20/200 to 20/300; and Group 3, 20/400 or poorer. The print size resolution on the Rosenbaum pocket vision screener and power of the low-vision aid in each group were compared for the eyes having exudative scars and those with dry photocoagulation scars. In Groups 2 and 3, eyes with dry macular scars reached a similar resolution of print size but with significantly (P less than .01) lower-power visual aids than eyes with exudative macular scars. In Group 1, eyes with dry macular scars achieved a better print size resolution using significantly (P less than .01) lower-power visual aids than eyes with exudative scars.

Aging↗