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Results for “experimental evolution”

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PubMed1981

Radionuclide uptake during the evolution of experimental acute osteomyelitis.

The findings of technetium 99m MDP and gallium 67 citrate scintigraphy are described in the first four days following experimental acute osteomyelitis of the tibia of rabbits. On the day of inoculation, defects in activity are observed in both the perfusion, and bone phases of technetium scintigraphy. Similar defects are achieved by saline injection. On subsequent days technetium scintigraphy reveals an increased activity in the perfusion stage but a persisting defect of activity in the bone phase. Gallium activity is increased throughout the period of the study in inoculated animals but not in those injected with saline. It is concluded that 99Tcm MDP, in its perfusion phase, and 67Ga citrate are highly sensitive indicators of bone inflammation and that early osteomyelitis is characterized by increased activity with these agents together with a technetium bone scan defect.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2004

The evolution of experimental surgery in the field of morbid obesity.

BACKGROUND: We reviewed the experimental surgery, related to bariatric surgery in laboratory animals, to consider new lines of research. METHODS: The literature on experimental surgery for morbid obesity since the mid-20th century was reviewed, focusing on existing techniques (malabsorptive, restrictive, mixed and experimental) and their associated metabolic component. RESULTS: In the field of laparoscopy, there is a clear tendency for large laboratory animals such as pigs to be used. These are useful for developing and perfecting techniques. A second area of animal experimentation concentrates on the relationship between metabolism and surgery in order to find improvements in the co-morbidities associated with morbid obesity. A third area of research focuses on manipulating intake via central and vagal control. CONCLUSION: Further studies are needed to combine traditional and recently developed techniques of experimental surgery with the mechanisms that determine the physiopathology, metabolism and regulation of intake of morbidly obese patients. To accurately determine metabolic behavior and avoid drawing conclusions that are not very significant, these studies should be carried out on obese animals and focus on the co-morbidities associated with morbid obesity.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Lipid profile in the evolution of experimental atherosclerotic plaques from thrombus.

Nonocclusive white mural thrombosis was induced in the abdominal aortae of normolipidemic rabbits by insertion of a polyethylene catheter into the abdominal aortae. The thrombus subsequently organized into intimal thickenings which resembled fibrofatty type atherosclerosis seen in man, showing large numbers of foam cells containing stainable lipid, fatty necrotic centers, cholesterol clefts, calcification, and fibrous caps. The lipid composition of the thrombus and lesions was followed at serial time intervals from 4 hours to 60 weeks. Lipid analysis showed significant concentrations of lipid in the early lesions and with time these lipid concentrations increased and later decreased. These studies demonstrate that the fibrofatty lesions derived from a white thrombus have significant amounts of the same lipids that characterize the atherosclerotic lesions of man, however, there is a lower proportion of cholesterol to the other constituents and a higher proportion of phospholipids. The free cholesterol and cholesteryl ester of the 4-day lesions were much greater than that of platelets alone indicating that significant amounts of plasma are trapped in a thrombus when it forms.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

[Origins and evolution of experimental medicine].

Despite the fact that experiments in medicine have been performed since remote times - as attested by ancient authors, see for instance Galen - the complex system which is known as medicine is divided into the separate fields of clinical and experimental medicine. One hundred fifty years ago, Claude Bernard led to the birth of what we call still today experimental medicine; discussing the historical moment in which it is born, what it really is and, on the other hand, what is the meaning of the experiment in medical science: these all are very interesting methodological problems in the contemporary epistemological debate.

History, 19th Century↗

PubMed1952