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PubMed2003

Orthodontic bonding to porcelain: a comparison of bonding systems.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces has been plagued by failure. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the bond strengths of several different bonding systems when bonding orthodontic brackets to porcelain-fused-to-metal surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty natural glazed feldspathic porcelain-fused-to-noble metal disks 6 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height (1 mm metal and 2 mm porcelain) were fabricated and divided into 5 groups of 10. A different bonding system (GC America Fuji LC, American Ortho Spectrum, 3M Transbond, TP Orthodontics Python, and Kerr Herculite) was assigned to each group, and 50 identical orthodontic brackets were bonded (with the above mentioned systems) to each disk according to each manufacturer's instructions. Each system except TP Orthodontics Python conditioned with phosphoric acid (35% to 37.5%) and all systems were primed with silane before bonding. The specimens were subjected to gradual shear forces up to 123 N in a universal testing machine (Instron Corp, Canton, Mass.) until fracture. The shear bond strength of the bonding systems between the porcelain surface and the bracket was measured in megapascals (MPa). Failures were observed via a Zeiss optical microscope (10x); Tukey's HSD Test and analysis of variance were used to determine significance between the bonding systems at P<.05 level of significance. RESULTS: Failure of all of specimens was adhesive between the porcelain surface and the bonding agents. On the basis of a current literature review, bonding systems were categorized as clinically acceptable if they had a shear bond strength of 6 to 8 MPa. The 3M Transbond Bonding System, American Orthodontics Spectrum Bonding System, and GC America Fuji Ortho LC Bonding System performed within this clinically acceptable range (6 to 8 MPa), whereas Kerr Herculite Bonding System and TP Orthodontics Python Bonding System did not (2 to 4 MPa). The bond strengths of GC America Fuji Ortho LC, 3M Transbond, and American Orthodontics Spectrum were significantly greater (mean = 2.3 times) than TP Orthodontics Python or Kerr Herculite bonding systems. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the results reaffirm the regimen of conditioning with phosphoric acid and priming with silane before bonding orthodontic brackets to feldspathic porcelain fused to noble metal. All products indicated for this purpose may not achieve satisfactory bond strengths; however, because they do not all include the critical steps of conditioning with phosphoric acid and priming with silane. The 3M Transbond Bonding System, American Orthodontics Spectrum Bonding System, and GC America Fuji Ortho LC Bonding System performed within the clinically acceptable range (6 to 8 MPa), whereas Kerr Herculite Bonding System and TP Orthodontics Python Bonding System did not (2 to 4 MPa).

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2025

polars-bio-fast, scalable, and out-of-core operations on large genomic interval datasets.

MOTIVATION: Genomic studies very often rely on computationally intensive analyses of relationships between features, which are typically represented as intervals along a 1D coordinate system (such as positions on a chromosome). In this context, the Python programming language is extensively used for manipulating and analyzing data stored in a tabular form of rows and columns, called a DataFrame. Pandas is the most widely used Python DataFrame package and has been criticized for inefficiencies and scalability issues, which its modern alternative-Polars-aims to address with a native backend written in the Rust programming language. RESULTS: polars-bio is a Python library that enables fast, parallel and out-of-core operations on large genomic interval datasets. Its main components are implemented in Rust, using the Apache DataFusion query engine and Apache Arrow for efficient data representation. It is compatible with Polars and Pandas DataFrame formats. In a real-world comparison (107 versus 1.2&#xd7;106 intervals), our library runs overlap queries 6.5&#xd7;, nearest queries 15.5&#xd7;, count_overlaps queries 38&#xd7;, and coverage queries 15&#xd7; faster than Bioframe. On equally sized synthetic sets (107 versus 107), the corresponding speedups are 1.6&#xd7;, 5.5&#xd7;, 6&#xd7;, and 6&#xd7;. In streaming mode, on real and synthetic interval pairs, our implementation uses 90&#xd7; and 15&#xd7; less memory for overlap, 4.5&#xd7; and 6.5&#xd7; less for nearest, 60&#xd7; and 12&#xd7; less for count_overlaps, and 34&#xd7; and 7&#xd7; less for coverage than Bioframe. Multi-threaded benchmarks show good scalability characteristics. To the best of our knowledge, polars-bio is the most efficient single-node library for genomic interval DataFrames in Python. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: polars-bio is an open-source Python package distributed under the Apache License available for major platforms, including Linux, macOS, and Windows in the PyPI registry. The online documentation is https://biodatageeks.org/polars-bio/ and the source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/biodatageeks/polars-bio and Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16374290. are available at Bioinformatics online.

Software↗
PubMed1996

Axenic culture of reptilian Blastocystis isolates in monophasic medium and speciation by karyotypic typing.

The growth of axenic reptilian isolates of Blastocystis in Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM) was studied and the morphology of the parasite was examined by phase-contrast microscopy. The chromosomal patterns of these reptilian isolates of Blastocystis were examined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and compared with those of B. hominis and B. lapemi, a sea snake Blastocystis. IMDM with 10% horse serum supported excellent growth of the reptilian Blastocystis isolates. The parasites from all the isolates were predominantly vacuolar, but multivacuolar and amoeboid forms were also seen. Amoeboid forms with rather elongate pseudopodia were also observed. There were some differences in size, morphology, and growth characteristics in the different reptilian isolates. The karyotypic patterns of the Blastocystis isolates from tortoise, iguana, and python were distinctly different from one another and from those obtained with B. hominis and B. lapemi. On the basis of the above-mentioned differences in chromosomal patterns, the tortoise, iguana, and python isolates are described as new species, viz., B. geocheloni sp. nov. from Geochelone carbonaria (red-footed tortoise), B. cycluri sp. nov. from Cyclura cornuta (rhino iguana), and B. pythoni sp. nov. from Python reticulatus (reticulated python).

Animals↗